{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T21:09:13Z","timestamp":1777151353764,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]],"date-time":"2008-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Oper Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-008-0359-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,11]],"date-time":"2008-06-11T19:18:42Z","timestamp":1213211922000},"page":"105-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Nonparametric conditional efficiency measures: asymptotic properties"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Seok-Oh","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byeong U.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9opold","family":"Simar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"359_CR1","first-page":"647","volume":"90","author":"D. L. Adolphson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Adolphson,\u00a0D. L., Cornia,\u00a0G. C., & Walters,\u00a0L. C. (1991). A unified framework for classifying DEA models. Operations Research, 90, 647\u2013657.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"359_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.34.4.513","volume":"34","author":"R. D. Banker","year":"1986","unstructured":"Banker,\u00a0R. D., & Morey,\u00a0R. C. (1986). Efficiency analysis for exogenously fixed inputs and outputs. Operations Research, 34, 513\u2013521.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"359_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(96)00351-7","volume":"98","author":"A. Bhattacharyya","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya,\u00a0A., Lovell,\u00a0C. A. K., & Sahay,\u00a0P. (1997). The impact of liberalization on the productive efficiency of Indian commercial banks. European Journal of Operational Research, 98, 332\u2013347. doi: 10.1016\/S0377-2217(96)00351-7 .","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"359_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-006-0028-x","volume":"66","author":"A. Bonaccorsi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonaccorsi,\u00a0A., Daraio,\u00a0C., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2006). Size, scope and trade-off in the productivity of universities: an application of robust nonparametric methods to Italian data. Scientometrics, 66(2), 389\u2013410. doi: 10.1007\/s11192-006-0028-x .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"359_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonaccorsi,\u00a0A., Daraio,\u00a0C., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2007a). Efficiency and productivity in European Universities. Exploring trade-offs in the strategic profile. In A. Bonaccorsi & C. Daraio (Eds.), Universities as strategic units. Productivity and efficiency patterns in the European university system. Edward Elgar PRIME collection.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781847206848.00012"},{"key":"359_CR6","volume-title":"Hyvinvointipalvelujen tuottavuus: tuloksia opintien varrelta","author":"A. Bonaccorsi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bonaccorsi,\u00a0A., Daraio,\u00a0C., R\u00e4ty,\u00a0T., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2007b). Efficiency and University size: discipline-wise evidence from the European Universities. In A. Kangasharju (Ed.), Hyvinvointipalvelujen tuottavuus: tuloksia opintien varrelta. Helsinki: VATT."},{"key":"359_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(01)00080-X","volume":"106","author":"C. Cazals","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cazals,\u00a0C., Florens,\u00a0J. P., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2002). Nonparametric frontier estimation: a robust approach. Journal of Econometrics, 106, 1\u201325. doi: 10.1016\/S0304-4076(01)00080-X .","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"359_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","volume":"2","author":"A. Charnes","year":"1978","unstructured":"Charnes,\u00a0A., Cooper,\u00a0W. W., & Rhodes,\u00a0E. (1978). Measuring the inefficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429\u2013444. doi: 10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8 .","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"359_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-005-3042-8","volume":"24","author":"C. Daraio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daraio,\u00a0C., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2005). Introducing environmental variables in nonparametric frontier models: a probabilistic approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 24, 93\u2013121. doi: 10.1007\/s11123-005-3042-8 .","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"359_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.06.010","volume":"175","author":"C. Daraio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daraio,\u00a0C., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2006). A robust nonparametric approach to evaluate and explain the performance of mutual funds. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(1), 516\u2013542. doi: 10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.06.010 .","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"359_CR11","volume-title":"Advanced robust and nonparametric methods in efficiency analysis","author":"C. Daraio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Daraio,\u00a0C., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2007a). Advanced robust and nonparametric methods in efficiency analysis. New-York: Springer."},{"key":"359_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-007-0049-3","volume":"28","author":"C. Daraio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Daraio,\u00a0C., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2007b). Conditional nonparametric frontier models for convex and nonconvex technologies: a unifying approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 28, 13\u201332. doi: 10.1007\/s11123-007-0049-3 .","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"key":"359_CR13","volume-title":"The performance of public enterprises: concepts and measurements","author":"D. Deprins","year":"1984","unstructured":"Deprins,\u00a0D., Simar,\u00a0L., & Tulkens,\u00a0H. (1984). Measuring labor inefficiency in post offices. In M. Marchand, P. Pestieau, & H. Tulkens (Eds.), The performance of public enterprises: concepts and measurements. Amsterdam: North-Holland."},{"key":"359_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/83.1.189","volume":"83","author":"J. Fan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fan,\u00a0J., Yao,\u00a0Q., & Tong,\u00a0H. (1996). Estimation of conditional densities and sensitivity measures in nonlinear dynamical systems. Biometrika, 83, 189\u2013206. doi: 10.1093\/biomet\/83.1.189 .","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"359_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100","volume":"120","author":"M. J. Farrell","year":"1957","unstructured":"Farrell,\u00a0M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 120, 253\u2013281. doi: 10.2307\/2343100 .","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General)"},{"key":"359_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4266(93)90031-8","volume":"17","author":"H. O. Fried","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fried,\u00a0H. O., Lovell,\u00a0C. A. K., & Vanden\u00a0Eeckaut,\u00a0P. (1993). Evaluating the performance of U.S. credit unions. Journal of Banking & Finance, 17, 251\u2013265. doi: 10.1016\/0378-4266(93)90031-8 .","journal-title":"Journal of Banking & Finance"},{"key":"359_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007800306752","volume":"12","author":"H. O. Fried","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fried,\u00a0H. O., Schmidt,\u00a0S. S., & Yaisawarng,\u00a0S. (1999). Incorporating the operating environment into a nonparametric measure of technical efficiency. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 12, 249\u2013267. doi: 10.1023\/A:1007800306752 .","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"key":"359_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10473837","volume":"94","author":"I. Gijbels","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gijbels,\u00a0I., Mammen,\u00a0E., Park,\u00a0B. U., & Simar,\u00a0L. (1999). On estimation of monotone and concave frontier functions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94, 220\u2013228. doi: 10.2307\/2669696 .","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"359_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1035844983","volume":"30","author":"P. Hall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hall,\u00a0P., & Park,\u00a0B. U. (2002). New methods for bias correction at endpoints and boundaries. The Annals of Statistics, 30, 1460\u20131479. doi: 10.1214\/aos\/1035844983 .","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"359_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000548","volume":"99","author":"P. Hall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hall,\u00a0P., Racine,\u00a0J., & Li,\u00a0Q. (2004). Cross-validation and the estimation of conditional probability densities. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 99, 1015\u20131026. doi: 10.1198\/016214504000000548 .","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"359_CR21","first-page":"449","volume":"33","author":"S.-O. Jeong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeong,\u00a0S.-O. (2004). Asymptotic distribution of DEA efficiency scores. Journal of the Korean Statistical Society, 33, 449\u2013458.","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Statistical Society"},{"key":"359_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2006.00452.x","volume":"33","author":"S.-O. Jeong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeong,\u00a0S.-O., & Park,\u00a0B. U. (2006). Large sample approximation of the limit distribution of convex-hull estimators of boundaries. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 33, 139\u2013151. doi: 10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2006.00452.x .","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"359_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2005.12.006","volume":"97","author":"S.-O. Jeong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeong,\u00a0S.-O., & Simar,\u00a0L. (2006). Linearly interpolated FDH efficiency score for nonconvex frontiers. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 97, 2141\u20132161. doi: 10.1016\/j.jmva.2005.12.006 .","journal-title":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis"},{"key":"359_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1996.10476701","volume":"91","author":"M. C. Jones","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jones,\u00a0M. C., Marron,\u00a0J. S., & Sheather,\u00a0S. J. (1996). A brief survey of bandwidth selection for density estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91, 401\u2013408. doi: 10.2307\/2291420 .","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"359_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466698146042","volume":"14","author":"A. Kneip","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kneip,\u00a0A., Park,\u00a0B. U., & Simar,\u00a0L. (1998). A note on the convergence of nonparametric DEA estimators for production efficiency scores. Econometric Theory, 14, 783\u2013793. doi: 10.1017\/S0266466698146042 .","journal-title":"Econometric Theory"},{"key":"359_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kneip,\u00a0A., Simar,\u00a0L., & Wilson,\u00a0P. W. (2003, to appear). Asymptotics for DEA estimators in nonparametric frontier models. Econometric Theory.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466608080651"},{"key":"359_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li,\u00a0Q., & Racine,\u00a0J. (2007, forthcoming). Nonparametric estimation of conditional CDF and quantile functions with mixed categorical and continuous data. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics.","DOI":"10.1198\/073500107000000250"},{"key":"359_CR28","volume-title":"The measurement of productivity efficiency: techniques and applications","author":"C. A. K. Lovell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lovell,\u00a0C. A. K. (1993). Production Frontiers and Productive Efficiency. In H. O. Fried, C. A. K. Lovell,\u00a0& S.\u00a0S. Schmidt (Eds.), The measurement of productivity efficiency: techniques and applications. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"359_CR29","volume-title":"The measurement of productivity efficiency: techniques and applications","author":"T. McCarty","year":"1993","unstructured":"McCarty,\u00a0T., & Yaisawarng,\u00a0S. (1993). Technical efficiency in New Jersey school districts. In H. O. Fried, C. A. K. Lovell, & S. S. Schmidt (Eds.), The measurement of productivity efficiency: techniques and applications. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"359_CR30","first-page":"251","volume":"7","author":"B. U. Park","year":"1992","unstructured":"Park,\u00a0B. U., & Turlach,\u00a0B. (1992). Practical performance of several data driven bandwidth selectors. Computational Statistics, 7, 251\u2013270.","journal-title":"Computational Statistics"},{"key":"359_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466600166034","volume":"16","author":"B. U. Park","year":"2000","unstructured":"Park,\u00a0B. U., Simar,\u00a0L., & Weiner,\u00a0C. (2000). The FDH estimator for productivity efficiency scores: Asymptotic properties. Econometric Theory, 16, 855\u2013877. doi: 10.1017\/S0266466600166034 .","journal-title":"Econometric Theory"},{"key":"359_CR32","volume-title":"Frontiers in statistics","author":"B. U. Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park,\u00a0B. U., Jeong,\u00a0S.-O., & Lee,\u00a0Y. K. (2006). Nonparametric estimation of production efficiency. In J. Fan & H. L. Koul (Eds.), Frontiers in statistics. London: Imperial College Press."},{"key":"359_CR33","volume-title":"Theory of cost and production function","author":"R. W. Shephard","year":"1970","unstructured":"Shephard,\u00a0R. W. (1970). Theory of cost and production function. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"359_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007864806704","volume":"13","author":"L. Simar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Simar,\u00a0L., & Wilson,\u00a0P. W. (2000). Statistical inference in nonparametric frontier models: The state of the art. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 13, 49\u201378. doi: 10.1023\/A:1007864806704 .","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"359_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2005.07.009","volume":"136","author":"L. Simar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simar,\u00a0L., & Wilson,\u00a0P. (2007). Estimation and inference in two-stage, semi-parametric models of production processes. Journal of Econometrics, 136(1), 31\u201364. doi: 10.1016\/j.jeconom.2005.07.009 .","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"359_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01073473","volume":"4","author":"H. Tulkens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tulkens,\u00a0H. (1993). On FDH efficiency analysis: some methodological issues and application to retail banking, courts, and urban transit. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 4, 183\u2013210. doi: 10.1007\/BF01073473 .","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"}],"container-title":["Annals of Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-008-0359-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-008-0359-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-008-0359-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T19:52:33Z","timestamp":1684439553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10479-008-0359-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-008-0359-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-5330","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]}}}