{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T15:52:53Z","timestamp":1769010773817,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant Nos. 71371008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Nos. 71371008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant Nos. 71001093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Nos. 71001093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups","award":["Grant No. 71121061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 71121061"]}]},{"name":"Major International (Regional) Joint Research Projects","award":["Grant No. 71110107024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 71110107024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Oper Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T14:14:44Z","timestamp":1458310484000},"page":"277-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A target-based method for energy saving and carbon emissions reduction in China based on environmental data envelopment analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kangning","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2163_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2010.03.011","volume":"32","author":"BW Ang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ang, B. W., Mu, A. R., & Zhou, P. (2010). Accounting frameworks for tracking energy efficiency trends. Energy Economics, 32(5), 1209\u20131219.","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"key":"2163_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argyris, C., & Sch\u00f6n, D. A. (1997). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reis, (77\/78), 345\u2013348.","DOI":"10.2307\/40183951"},{"key":"2163_CR3","unstructured":"Bi, G., Luo, Y., Ding, J. J., & Liang, L. (2012). Environmental performance analysis of Chinese industry from a slacks-based perspective. Annals of Operations Research 1\u201316."},{"key":"2163_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.08.051","volume":"63","author":"YW Bian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bian, Y. W., He, P., & Xu, H. (2013). Estimation of potential energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction in China based on an extended non-radial DEA approach. Energy Policy, 63, 962\u2013971.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.06.003","volume":"223","author":"SN Brissimis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brissimis, S. N., & Zervopoulos, P. D. (2012). Developing a step-by-step effectiveness assessment model for customer-oriented service organizations. European Journal of Operational Research, 223(1), 226\u2013233.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"2163_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","volume":"2","author":"A Charnes","year":"1978","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429\u2013444.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2163_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1080\/09644016.2010.489718","volume":"19","author":"P Christoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christoff, P. (2010). Cold climate in Copenhagen: China and the United States at COP15. Environmental Politics, 19(4), 637\u2013656.","journal-title":"Environmental Politics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2163_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.03.035","volume":"36","author":"SA Estrada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Estrada, S. A., Song, H. S., Kim, Y., Namn, S. H., & Kang, S. C. (2009). A method of stepwise benchmarking for inefficient DMUs based on the proximity-based target selection. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(9), 11595\u201311604.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2163_CR9","unstructured":"EU, D. (2010). A digital agenda for Europe. Communication, COM."},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00191-7","volume":"157","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"2004","unstructured":"F\u00e4re, R., & Grosskopf, S. (2004). Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation: Comment. European Journal of Operational Research, 157(1), 242\u2013245.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"2163_CR11","volume-title":"Multi-output production and duality: Theory and applications","author":"R F\u00e4re","year":"1994","unstructured":"F\u00e4re, R., & Primont, D. (1994). Multi-output production and duality: Theory and applications. Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"2163_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.09.003","volume":"51","author":"L Fang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fang, L. (2015). Centralized resource allocation based on efficiency analysis for step-by-step improvement paths. Omega, 51, 24\u201328.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"2163_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/002188637601200201","volume":"12","author":"RT Golembiewski","year":"1976","unstructured":"Golembiewski, R. T., Billingsley, K., & Yeager, S. (1976). Measuring change and persistence in human affairs: Types of change generated by OD designs. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 12(2), 133\u2013157.","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2163_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.01.055","volume":"39","author":"XD Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo, X. D., Zhu, L., Fan, Y., & Xie, B. C. (2011). Evaluation of potential reductions in carbon emissions in Chinese provinces based on environmental DEA. Energy Policy, 39(5), 2352\u20132360.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"2163_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.03.033","volume":"36","author":"J Hou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hou, J., Zhang, P., Tian, Y., Yuan, X., & Yang, Y. (2011). Developing low-carbon economy: Actions, challenges and solutions for energy savings in China. Renewable Energy, 36(11), 3037\u20133042.","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2005.11.032","volume":"35","author":"JL Hu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hu, J. L., & Kao, C. H. (2007). Efficient energy-saving targets for APEC economies. Energy Policy, 35(1), 373\u2013382.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"17","key":"2163_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2005.06.015","volume":"34","author":"JL Hu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hu, J. L., & Wang, S. C. (2006). Total-factor energy efficiency of regions in China. Energy Policy, 34(17), 3206\u20133217.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"2163_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2009.12.040","volume":"35","author":"B Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang, B., Sun, Z., & Liu, M. (2010). China\u2019s energy development strategy under the low-carbon economy. Energy, 35(11), 4257\u20134264.","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2163_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2011.01.015","volume":"33","author":"YC Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, Y. C., Hu, J. L., & Kao, C. H. (2011). Efficient saving targets of electricity and energy for regions in China. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 33(6), 1211\u20131219.","journal-title":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"2163_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.12.005","volume":"39","author":"GC Leung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leung, G. C. (2011). China\u2019s energy security: Perception and reality. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1330\u20131337.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.01.008","volume":"39","author":"H Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, H., Mu, H., Zhang, M., & Gui, S. (2012). Analysis of regional difference on impact factors of China\u2019s energy-related $$\\text{ CO }_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions. Energy, 39(1), 319\u2013326.","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2163_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.12.148","volume":"38","author":"S Lim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lim, S., Bae, H., & Lee, L. H. (2011). A study on the selection of benchmarking paths in DEA. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(6), 7665\u20137673.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2163_CR23","unstructured":"Liu, L. C., Wang, J. N., Wu, G., & Wei, Y. M. (2010a). China\u2019s regional carbon emissions change over 1997\u20132007. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(1), 161\u2013176."},{"key":"2163_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W. B., Meng, W., Li, X. X., & Zhang, D. Q. (2010b). DEA models with undesirable inputs and outputs. Annals of Operations Research, 173(1), 177\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-009-0587-3"},{"key":"2163_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.09.006","volume":"29","author":"K Lo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lo, K. (2014). A critical review of China\u2019s rapidly developing renewable energy and energy efficiency policies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 508\u2013516.","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2163_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6377(95)00044-5","volume":"18","author":"CK Lovell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovell, C. K., & Pastor, J. T. (1995). Units invariant and translation invariant DEA models. Operations Research Letters, 18(3), 147\u2013151.","journal-title":"Operations Research Letters"},{"key":"2163_CR27","unstructured":"Moore, R. (1999). Making common sense common practice: Models for manufacturing excellence. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company."},{"issue":"5","key":"2163_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0483(03)00080-X","volume":"31","author":"LM Seiford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seiford, L. M., & Zhu, J. (2003). Context-dependent data envelopment analysis-measuring attractiveness and progress. Omega, 31(5), 397\u2013408.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"2163_CR29","unstructured":"Shan, H. J. (2008). Re-estimating the capital stock of China: 1952\u20132006. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics, 10, 17\u201331. (in Chinese)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2163_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.06.003","volume":"38","author":"GM Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi, G. M., Bi, J., & Wang, J. N. (2010). Chinese regional industrial energy efficiency evaluation based on a DEA model of fixing non-energy inputs. Energy Policy, 38(10), 6172\u20136179.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2163_CR31","unstructured":"Statistics, I. E. A. (2011). $$\\text{ CO }_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion-highlights. IEA, Paris. http:\/\/www.iea.org\/CO2highlights\/CO2highlights.pdf ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2163_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00407-5","volume":"130","author":"K Tone","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tone, K. (2001). A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 130(3), 498\u2013509.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"2163_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2007.04.022","volume":"35","author":"B Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang, B. (2007). An imbalanced development of coal and electricity industries in China. Energy Policy, 35(10), 4959\u20134968.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2163_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2011.11.067","volume":"58","author":"K Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, K., Yu, S., & Zhang, W. (2013). China\u2019s regional energy and environmental efficiency: A DEA window analysis based dynamic evaluation. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 58(5), 1117\u20131127.","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2011.02.022","volume":"90","author":"Q Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Zhou, P., & Zhou, D. (2012). Efficiency measurement with carbon dioxide emissions: The case of China. Applied Energy, 90(1), 161\u2013166.","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2011.06.009","volume":"41","author":"MM Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu, M. M., Chern, C. C., & Hsiao, B. (2013). Human resource rightsizing using centralized data envelopment analysis: Evidence from Taiwan\u2019s Airports. Omega, 41(1), 119\u2013130.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2009.10.003","volume":"32","author":"P Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Ang, B. W., & Han, J. Y. (2010). Total factor carbon emission performance: A Malmquist index analysis. Energy Economics, 32(1), 194\u2013201.","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2006.05.001","volume":"30","author":"P Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Ang, B. W., & Poh, K. L. (2008a). Measuring environmental performance under different environmental DEA technologies. Energy Economics, 30(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2163_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2008.03.041","volume":"36","author":"P Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou, P., & Ang, B. W. (2008). Linear programming models for measuring economy-wide energy efficiency performance. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2911\u20132916.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2163_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.04.042","volume":"189","author":"P Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Ang, B. W., & Poh, K. L. (2008b). A survey of data envelopment analysis in energy and environmental studies. European Journal of Operational Research, 189(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"}],"container-title":["Annals of Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T14:11:24Z","timestamp":1567692684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-016-2163-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-5330","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]]}}}