{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:34:36Z","timestamp":1768790076681,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Syntra"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Oper Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-019-03269-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T18:05:38Z","timestamp":1558721138000},"page":"529-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Managerial efficiency and efficiency differentials in adult education: a conditional and bias-corrected efficiency analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"Fritz","family":"Schiltz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0505-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristof","family":"De Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deni","family":"Mazrekaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466605050206","volume":"21","author":"Y Aragon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aragon, Y., Daouia, A., & Thomas-Agnan, C. (2005). Nonparametric frontier estimation: A conditional quantile-based approach. Econometric Theory,21(2), 358\u2013389.","journal-title":"Econometric Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-014-0419-6","volume":"45","author":"M Asmild","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asmild, M., Balezentis, T., & Hougaard, J. L. (2016). Multi-directional program efficiency: The case of Lithuanian family farms. Journal of Productivity Analysis,45(1), 23\u201333.","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2013.08.002","volume":"48","author":"V Blackburn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blackburn, V., Brennan, S., & Ruggiero, J. (2014). Measuring efficiency in Australian Schools: A preliminary analysis. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 48(1), 4\u20139.","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"3269_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2011.12.009","volume":"31","author":"J Blanden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blanden, J., Buscha, F., Sturgis, P., & Urwin, P. (2012). Measuring the earnings returns to lifelong learning in the UK. Economics of Education Review,31, 501\u2013514.","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(01)00080-X","volume":"106","author":"C Cazals","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cazals, C., Florens, J.-P., & Simar, L. (2002). Nonparametric frontier estimation: A robust approach. Journal of Econometrics,106(1), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"3269_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","volume":"2","author":"A Charnes","year":"1978","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research,2(6), 429\u2013444.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"3269_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.27.6.668","volume":"27","author":"A Charnes","year":"1981","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1981). Evaluating program and managerial efficiency: An application of data envelopment analysis to program follow through. Management Science,27(6), 668\u2013697.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"3269_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-015-1827-3","volume":"255","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Cook, W. D., Du, J., Hu, H., & Zhu, J. (2017). Bounded and discrete data and Likert scales in data envelopment analysis: Application to regional energy efficiency in China. Annals of Operations Research,255, 347\u2013366.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"577","key":"3269_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12038","volume":"124","author":"L Cherchye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cherchye, L., Demuynck, T., De Rock, B., & De Witte, K. (2014). Non-parametric analysis of multi-output production with joint inputs. Economic Journal,124(577), 735\u2013775.","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2006.03.011","volume":"51","author":"L Cherchye","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cherchye, L., Lovell, C. A. K., Moesen, W., & Van Puyenbroeck, T. (2007). One market, one number? A composite indicator assessment of EU internal market dynamics. European Economic Review,51(3), 749\u2013779.","journal-title":"European Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.06.040","volume":"240","author":"JM Cordero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cordero, J. M., Alonso-Mor\u00e1n, E., Nu\u00f1o-Solinis, R., Orueta, J. F., & Arce, R. S. (2015). Efficiency assessment of primary care providers: A conditional nonparametric approach. European Journal of Operational Research,240(1), 235\u2013244.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"3269_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/01619560801996988","volume":"83","author":"R Costrell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costrell, R., Hanushek, E., & Loeb, S. (2008). What do cost functions tell us about the cost of an adequate education? Peabody Journal of Education,83(2), 198\u2013223.","journal-title":"Peabody Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-005-3042-8","volume":"24","author":"C Daraio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daraio, C., & Simar, L. (2005). Introducing environmental variables in nonparametric frontier models: A probabilistic approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis,24(1), 93\u2013121.","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-007-0049-3","volume":"28","author":"C Daraio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Daraio, C., & Simar, L. (2007). Conditional nonparametric frontier models for convex and nonconvex technologies: A unifying approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis,28(1), 13\u201332.","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"key":"3269_CR14","unstructured":"De Leebeeck, K., Struyven, L., De Witte, K., Schiltz, F., & Mazrekaj, D. (2018). Ondernemerschapstrajecten in het SYNTRA netwerk. Deelrapport 2: Een kwalitatieve analyse en benchmark van effici\u00ebntie en effectiviteit. Leuven."},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.09.002","volume":"224","author":"K De Witte","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Witte, K., & Geys, B. (2013). Citizen coproduction and efficient public good provision: Theory and evidence from local public libraries. European Journal of Operational Research,224(3), 592\u2013602.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"17","key":"3269_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2012.665602","volume":"45","author":"K De Witte","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Witte, K., & Kortelainen, M. (2013). What explains the performance of students in a heterogeneous environment? Conditional efficiency estimation with continuous and discrete environmental variables. Applied Economics,45(17), 2401\u20132412.","journal-title":"Applied Economics"},{"key":"3269_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"68","author":"K De Witte","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Witte, K., & L\u00f3pez-Torres, L. (2014). Efficiency in education. A review of literature and a way forward. Journal of the Operational Research Society,68, 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"3269_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2015.92","volume":"68","author":"K De Witte","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Witte, K., & L\u00f3pez-Torres, L. (2017). Efficiency in Education. A review of literature and a way forward. Journal of the Operational Research Society,68(4), 339\u2013363.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.12.034","volume":"267","author":"K De Witte","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Witte, K., & Schiltz, F. (2018). Measuring and explaining organizational effectiveness of school districts. Evidence from a robust and conditional benefit-of-the-doubt approach. European Journal of Operational Research,267(3), 1172\u20131181.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"3269_CR20","volume-title":"The performance of public enterprises: Concepts and measurements","author":"D Deprins","year":"1984","unstructured":"Deprins, D., Simar, L., & Tulkens, H. (1984). Measuring labor inefficiency in post offices. In M. Marchand, P. Pestieau, & H. Tulkens (Eds.), The performance of public enterprises: Concepts and measurements. Amsterdam: North-Holland."},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7757(94)00011-T","volume":"14","author":"W Duncombe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Duncombe, W., Miner, J., & Ruggiero, J. (1995). Potential cost savings from school district consolidation: A case study of New York. Economics of Education Review,14(3), 265\u2013284.","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"3269_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00149-1","volume":"132","author":"RG Dyson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S., & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research,132(2), 245\u2013259.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"3269_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2009.09.015","volume":"37","author":"SM Estelle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Estelle, S. M., Johnson, A. L., & Ruggiero, J. (2010). Three-stage DEA models for incorporating exogenous inputs. Computers & Operations Research,37(6), 1087\u20131090.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"3269_CR24","unstructured":"Eurydice. (2018). Adult education and training. Retrieved December 12, 2018, from \nhttps:\/\/eacea.ec.europa.eu\/national-policies\/eurydice\/content\/adult-education-and-training-3_en\n\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100","volume":"120","author":"MJ Farrell","year":"1957","unstructured":"Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General),120(3), 253\u2013290.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General)"},{"key":"3269_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2015.04.001","volume":"50","author":"B Hampf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hampf, B., R\u00f8dseth, K. L., & L\u00f8vold, K. (2015). Carbon dioxide emission standards for U.S. power plants: An efficiency analysis perspective. Energy Economics,50, 140\u2013153.","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"5","key":"3269_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.90.5.1184","volume":"90","author":"EA Hanushek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hanushek, E. A., & Kimko, D. D. (2000). Schooling, labor force quality, and the growth of nations. American Economic Review,90(5), 1184\u20131208.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.46.3.607","volume":"46","author":"EAE Hanushek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hanushek, E. A. E., & Woessmann, L. (2008). The role of cognitive skills in economic development. Journal of Economic Literature,46(3), 607\u2013668.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1162\/edfp.2008.3.1.90","volume":"3","author":"J Imazeki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imazeki, J. (2008). Assessing the costs of adequacy in California public schools: A cost function approach. Education Finance and Policy,3(1), 90\u2013118.","journal-title":"Education Finance and Policy"},{"issue":"10","key":"3269_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2005.12.006","volume":"97","author":"SO Jeong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeong, S. O., & Simar, L. (2006). Linearly interpolated FDH efficiency score for nonconvex frontiers. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 97(10), 2141\u20132161.","journal-title":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis"},{"issue":"August","key":"3269_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2017.09.007","volume":"61","author":"J Jerrim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jerrim, J., Lopez-Agudo, L. A., Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. D., & Shure, N. (2017). What happens when econometrics and psychometrics collide? An example using the PISA data. Economics of Education Review,61(August), 51\u201358.","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2005.02.005","volume":"25","author":"J Johnes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnes, J. (2006). Data envelopment analysis and its application to the measurement of efficiency in higher education. Economics of Education Review,25(3), 273\u2013288.","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.10.043","volume":"243","author":"J Johnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnes, J. (2015). Operational research in education. European Journal of Operational Research,243(3), 683\u2013696.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"3269_CR33","volume-title":"Nonparametric econometrics: Theory and practice","author":"Q Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, Q., & Racine, J. (2007). Nonparametric econometrics: Theory and practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"3269_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1198\/073500107000000250","volume":"26","author":"Q Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, Q., & Racine, J. S. (2008). Nonparametric estimation of conditional CDF and quantile functions with mixed categorical and continuous data. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics,26(4), 423\u2013434.","journal-title":"Journal of Business & Economic Statistics"},{"key":"3269_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002","volume":"28","author":"BC Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing,28, 211\u2013224.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"2","key":"3269_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12364","volume":"25","author":"I Narb\u00f3n-Perpi\u00f1\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Narb\u00f3n-Perpi\u00f1\u00e1, I., & De Witte, K. (2018a). Local governments\u2019 efficiency: A systematic literature review\u2014Part I. International Transactions in Operational Research,25(2), 431\u2013468.","journal-title":"International Transactions in Operational Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"3269_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12389","volume":"25","author":"I Narb\u00f3n-Perpi\u00f1\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Narb\u00f3n-Perpi\u00f1\u00e1, I., & De Witte, K. (2018b). Local governments\u2019 efficiency: A systematic literature review\u2014Part II. International Transactions in Operational Research,25(4), 1107\u20131136.","journal-title":"International Transactions in Operational Research"},{"key":"3269_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD. (2009). PISA 2006 technical report. Paris.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264048096-en"},{"key":"3269_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD. (2017). Education at a glance 2017: OECD indicators. OECD.","DOI":"10.1787\/eag-2017-en"},{"issue":"2","key":"3269_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.03.013","volume":"245","author":"OB Olesen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olesen, O. B., Petersen, N. C., & Podinovski, V. V. (2015). Efficiency analysis with ratio measures. European Journal of Operational Research,245(2), 446\u2013462.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002","volume":"54","author":"H Oosterbeek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oosterbeek, H., van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review,54(3), 442\u2013454.","journal-title":"European Economic Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"3269_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2011.114","volume":"63","author":"MCS Portela","year":"2012","unstructured":"Portela, M. C. S., Camanho, A. S., & Borges, D. (2012). Performance assessment of secondary schools: The snapshot of a country taken by DEA. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 63(8), 1098\u20131115.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3269_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-017-2540-1","volume":"259","author":"J Puri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puri, J., Yadav, S. P., Garg, H., Prasad, S., & Harish, Y. (2017). A new multi-component DEA approach using common set of weights methodology and imprecise data: an application to public sector banks in India with undesirable and shared resources. Annals of Operations Research,259(1\u20132), 351\u2013388.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)00346-7","volume":"90","author":"J Ruggiero","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruggiero, J. (1996). On the measurement of technical efficiency in the public sector. European Journal of Operational Research,90(3), 553\u2013565.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"3269_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00306-8","volume":"111","author":"J Ruggiero","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ruggiero, J. (1998). Non-discretionary inputs in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research,111(3), 461\u2013469.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"3269_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/berj.3312","volume":"43","author":"F Schiltz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schiltz, F., & De Witte, K. (2017). Estimating scale economies and the optimal size of school districts: A flexible form approach. British Educational Research Journal,43(6), 1048\u20131067.","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"3269_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1080\/02664760050081951","volume":"27","author":"L Simar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Simar, L., & Wilson, P. W. (2000). A general methodology for bootstrapping in non-parametric frontier models. Journal of Applied Statistics,27(6), 779\u2013802.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2005.07.009","volume":"136","author":"L Simar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simar, L., & Wilson, P. W. (2007). Estimation and inference in two-stage, semi-parametric models of production processes. Journal of Econometrics,136(1), 31\u201364.","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3269_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-010-0200-4","volume":"36","author":"L Simar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simar, L., & Wilson, P. W. (2011). Inference by the m out of n bootstrap in nonparametric frontier models. Journal of Productivity Analysis,36(1), 33\u201353.","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"key":"3269_CR48","volume-title":"Data envelopment analysis. International series in operations research & management science","author":"E Thanassoulis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thanassoulis, E., De Witte, K., Johnes, J., Johnes, G., Karagiannis, G., & Portela, C. S. (2016). Applications of data envelopment analysis in education. In J. Zhu (Ed.), Data envelopment analysis. International series in operations research & management science (Vol. 238). Boston: Springer."},{"key":"3269_CR49","unstructured":"von Davier, M., Gonzalez, E. J., & Mislevy, R. J. (2009). What are plausible values and why are they useful? IERI monograph series: Issues and Methodologies in Large-Scale Assessments, 2, 9\u201336. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.ierinstitute.org\/fileadmin\/Documents\/IERI_Monograph\/IERI_Monograph_Volume_02_Chapter_Introduction.pdf\n\n."}],"container-title":["Annals of Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03269-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03269-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03269-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T23:15:21Z","timestamp":1590189321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03269-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03269-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-5330","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}