{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T07:18:31Z","timestamp":1776237511115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Oper Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The linear economic business model was deemed unsustainable, necessitating the emergence of the circular economy (CE) business model. Due to resource scarcity, increasing population, and high food waste levels, the food sector has been facing significant sustainability challenges. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly those in the food sector, are making efforts to become more sustainable and to adopt new business models such as the CE, but adoption rates remain low. Industry 4.0 and its associated technological applications have the potential to enable CE implementation and boost business competitiveness. In the context of emerging economies facing significant resource scarcity constraints and limited technology availability, CE principles need to be adapted. CE could create a new job economy in emerging economies, bringing scale and a competitive advantage. This study explores the enablers of and barriers to Industry 4.0 adoption for CE implementation in fruit and vegetable SMEs in India from a resource-based perspective. The purpose is to develop an evidence-based framework to help inform theory and practice about CE implementation by SMEs in emerging economies. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in food SMEs. The interview transcripts were first subjected to thematic analysis. The analysis was then complemented with sentiment and emotion analyses. Subsequently, hierarchical cluster analysis, k-means analysis, and linear projection analysis were performed. Among others, the findings suggest that Industry 4.0 plays a key role in implementing CE in SMEs in emerging economies such as India. However, there are specific enablers and barriers that need to be considered by SMEs to develop the resources and capabilities needed for CE competitive advantage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-023-05404-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T09:03:00Z","timestamp":1693299780000},"page":"453-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Industry 4.0 and circular economy for emerging markets: evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Indian food sector"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"350","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Despoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uthayasankar","family":"Sivarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina","family":"Spanaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vel Kandhan","family":"Durai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5404_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123086","volume":"273","author":"F Acerbi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acerbi, F., & Taisch, M. (2020). A literature review on circular economy adoption in the manufacturing sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273, 123086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123086","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adeyeri, M. K., Mpofu, K., & Olukorede, T. A. (2015). Integration of agent technology into manufacturing enterprise: A review and platform for industry 4.0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEOM.2015.7093910","DOI":"10.1109\/IEOM.2015.7093910"},{"key":"5404_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24840\/2183-0606_003.004_0003","author":"F Almada-Lobo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almada-Lobo, F. (2016). The Industry 40 revolution and the future of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). Journal of Innovation Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24840\/2183-0606_003.004_0003","journal-title":"Journal of Innovation Management."},{"key":"5404_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12395","author":"A Azadegan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azadegan, A., Mellat Parast, M., Lucianetti, L., Nishant, R., & Blackhurst, J. (2020). Supply chain disruptions and business continuity: An empirical assessment. Decision Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/deci.12395","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"5404_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700108","volume":"17","author":"J Barney","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99\u2013120.","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"5404_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206309350776","volume":"36","author":"I Barreto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barreto, I. (2010). Dynamic capabilities: A review of past research and an agenda for the future. Journal of Management, 36(1), 256\u2013280.","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"key":"5404_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/MEQ-09-2020-0211","author":"L Batista","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batista, L., Dora, M., Garza-Reyes, J. A., & Kumar, V. (2021). Improving the sustainability of food supply chains through circular economy practices\u2014A qualitative mapping approach. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/MEQ-09-2020-0211","journal-title":"Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal"},{"key":"5404_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2021.1957506","author":"D Bechtsis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bechtsis, D., Tsolakis, N., Iakovou, E., & Vlachos, D. (2021). Data-driven secure, resilient and sustainable supply chains: Gaps, opportunities, and a new generalised data sharing and data monetisation framework. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.1957506","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.04.040","author":"G Behzadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behzadi, G., O\u2019Sullivan, M. J., & Olsen, T. L. (2020). On metrics for supply chain resilience. European Journal of Operational Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.04.040","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"5404_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.06.006","author":"JP Belaud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Belaud, J. P., Prioux, N., Vialle, C., & Sablayrolles, C. (2019). Big data for agri-food 4.0: Application to sustainability management for by-products supply chain. Computers in Industry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2019.06.006","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"key":"5404_CR11","volume-title":"Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development","author":"RE Boyatzis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage."},{"issue":"2","key":"5404_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"5404_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2016.09.008","author":"X Brusset","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brusset, X., & Teller, C. (2017). Supply chain capabilities, risks, and resilience. International Journal of Production Economics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2016.09.008","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"5404_CR14","first-page":"464","volume-title":"Business research methods","author":"A Bryman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2011). Interviewing in qualitative research. In E. Bell, A. Bryman, & B. Harley (Eds.), Business research methods (3rd ed., pp. 464\u2013499). Oxford University Press.","edition":"3"},{"key":"5404_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10082758","author":"J Camacho-Otero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camacho-Otero, J., Boks, C., & Pettersen, I. N. (2018). Consumption in the circular economy: A literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su10082758","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5404_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/1740-9713.01707","volume":"19","author":"V Charles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charles, V., Emrouznejad, A., Gherman, T., & Cochran, J. (2022). Why data analytics is an art. Significance, 19(6), 42\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1740-9713.01707","journal-title":"Significance"},{"key":"5404_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123854","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chauhan, A., Jakhar, S. K., & Chauhan, C. (2021). The interplay of circular economy with industry 4.0 enabled smart city drivers of healthcare waste disposal. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123854","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieem.2014.7058728","author":"A Corallo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Corallo, A., Latino, M. E., & Menegoli, M. (2018). From Industry 4.0 to agriculture 4.0: A framework to manage product data in agri-food supply chain for voluntary traceability. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ieem.2014.7058728","journal-title":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"5404_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x","volume":"26","author":"IT Coyne","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coyne, I. T. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623\u2013630.","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"5404_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1444806","author":"L da Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"da Xu, L., Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4.0: State of the art and future trends. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2018.1444806","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127340","author":"L Dagilien\u0117","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dagilien\u0117, L., Varani\u016bt\u0117, V., & Bruneckien\u0117, J. (2021). Local governments\u2019 perspective on implementing the circular economy: A framework for future solutions. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127340","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124823","author":"R de Angelis","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Angelis, R. (2021). Circular economy and paradox theory: A business model perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124823","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13598541211246549","author":"E Delbufalo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delbufalo, E. (2012). Outcomes of inter-organizational trust in supply chain relationships: A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Supply Chain Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13598541211246549","journal-title":"Supply Chain Management"},{"key":"5404_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-815357-4.00008-0","author":"S Despoudi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Despoudi, S. (2019). Optimized food supply chains to reduce food losses. Saving Food. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-815357-4.00008-0","journal-title":"Saving Food"},{"key":"5404_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-816449-5.00002-3","author":"S Despoudi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Despoudi, S. (2020). Green supply chain. The Interaction of Food Industry and Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-816449-5.00002-3","journal-title":"The Interaction of Food Industry and Environment"},{"key":"5404_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1440654","author":"S Despoudi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Despoudi, S., Papaioannou, G., Saridakis, G., & Dani, S. (2018). Does collaboration pay in agricultural supply chain? An empirical approach. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2018.1440654","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12388","author":"PK Dey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dey, P. K., Malesios, C., De, D., Chowdhury, S., Abdelaziz, F., & ben. (2020). The impact of lean management practices and sustainably-oriented innovation on sustainability performance of small and medium-sized enterprises: Empirical evidence from the UK. British Journal of Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8551.12388","journal-title":"British Journal of Management"},{"key":"5404_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-02-2019-0062","author":"M Dora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dora, M. (2019). Collaboration in a circular economy: Learning from the farmers to reduce food waste. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JEIM-02-2019-0062","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"key":"5404_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805349-2.00005-4","volume-title":"Research methods for cyber security","author":"TW Edgar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edgar, T. W., & Manz, D. O. (2017). Descriptive study. In T. W. Edgar & D. O. Manz (Eds.), Research methods for cyber security (Vol. 70, pp. 131\u2013151). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-805349-2.00005-4"},{"key":"5404_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2021.1906971","author":"TC Edwin Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edwin Cheng, T. C., Kamble, S. S., Belhadi, A., Ndubisi, N. O., Lai, K., & Kharat, M. G. (2021). Linkages between big data analytics, circular economy, sustainable supply chain flexibility, and sustainable performance in manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.1906971","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FAO. (2019). The state of food and agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. In FAO. 2019. The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315764788","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315764788"},{"key":"5404_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122263","author":"YA Fatimah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fatimah, Y. A., Govindan, K., Murniningsih, R., & Setiawan, A. (2020). Industry 4.0 based sustainable circular economy approach for smart waste management system to achieve sustainable development goals: A case study of Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122263","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR33","unstructured":"Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (1994). The Art of Science. In: N. a. Y. L. Denzin (Ed.). The Handbook of Qualitative Research,  Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications\n (pp. 361\u2013376)"},{"key":"5404_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2013.808839","volume":"25","author":"A Genovese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Genovese, A., Koh, S. C. L., Kumar, N., & Tripathi, P. K. (2014). Exploring the challenges in implementing supplier environmental performance measurement models: A case study. Production Planning and Control, 25, 1198\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2013.808839","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"key":"5404_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-05-2018-0106","author":"M Giannakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giannakis, M., Spanaki, K., & Dubey, R. (2019). A cloud-based supply chain management system: effects on supply chain responsiveness. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JEIM-05-2018-0106","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"key":"5404_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.03.003","author":"K Govindan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Govindan, K. (2018). Sustainable consumption and production in the food supply chain: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Production Economics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.03.003","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"5404_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.05.068","author":"K Govindan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Govindan, K., Azevedo, S. G., Carvalho, H., & Cruz-Machado, V. (2014). Impact of supply chain management practices on sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.05.068","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"5404_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903","volume":"18","author":"G Guest","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough?: An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1525822X05279903","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"key":"5404_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.08.004","volume":"70","author":"A Gunasekaran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gunasekaran, A., Papadopoulos, T., Dubey, R., Wamba, S. F., Childe, S. J., Hazen, B., & Akter, S. (2017). Big data and predictive analytics for supply chain and organizational performance. Journal of Business Research, 70, 308\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.08.004","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"5404_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2015.1093667","author":"A Gunasekaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunasekaran, A., Subramanian, N., & Rahman, S. (2015). Supply chain resilience: Role of complexities and strategies. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2015.1093667","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063453","author":"M Hamam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamam, M., Chinnici, G., di Vita, G., Pappalardo, G., Pecorino, B., Maesano, G., & D\u2019Amico, M. (2021). Circular economy models in agro-food systems: A review. Sustainability (Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13063453","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"5404_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12218799","author":"J Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han, J., Heshmati, A., & Rashidghalam, M. (2020). Circular economy business models with a focus on servitization. Sustainability (Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12218799","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"5404_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2016.06.030","volume":"101","author":"BT Hazen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hazen, B. T., Skipper, J. B., Ezell, J. D., & Boone, C. A. (2016). Big data and predictive analytics for supply chain sustainability: A theory-driven research agenda. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 101, 592\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2016.06.030","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"5404_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732316665344","author":"MM Hennink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hennink, M. M., Kaiser, B. N., & Marconi, V. C. (2017). Code saturation versus meaning saturation: How many interviews are enough? Qualitative Health Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732316665344","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"5404_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2020.10.008","volume":"38","author":"M Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry, M., Schraven, D., Bocken, N., Frenken, K., Hekkert, M., & Kirchherr, J. (2021). The battle of the buzzwords: A comparative review of the circular economy and the sharing economy concepts. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 38, 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eist.2020.10.008","journal-title":"Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions"},{"key":"5404_CR46","unstructured":"IFP Bureau. (2021, October). India second-largest producer of horticulture in world. https:\/\/Www.Ifp.Co.in\/10651\/India-Second-Largest-Producer-of-Horticulture-in-World-Union-Minister-Narendra-Singh-Tomar"},{"issue":"4","key":"5404_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-10-2014-0323","volume":"20","author":"E Ilie-Zudor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ilie-Zudor, E., Ek\u00e1rt, A., Kemeny, Z., Buckingham, C., Welch, P., & Monostori, L. (2015). Advanced predictive-analysis-based decision support for collaborative logistics networks. Supply Chain Management, 20(4), 369\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SCM-10-2014-0323","journal-title":"Supply Chain Management"},{"key":"5404_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-03-2017-0045","author":"Z Irani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Irani, Z., & Sharif, A. M. (2018). Food security across the enterprise: A puzzle, problem or mess for a circular economy? Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JEIM-03-2017-0045","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"key":"5404_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2017.10.007","author":"Z Irani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Irani, Z., Sharif, A. M., Lee, H., Aktas, E., Topalo\u011flu, Z., van\u2019t Wout, T., & Huda, S. (2018). Managing food security through food waste and loss: Small data to big data. Computers and Operations Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2017.10.007","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research."},{"key":"5404_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2020.1768450","author":"D Ivanov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2020). A digital supply chain twin for managing the disruption risks and resilience in the era of Industry 4.0. Production Planning and Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2020.1768450","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"key":"5404_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2925","author":"MP Johnson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson, M. P., & H\u00f6risch, J. (2022). Reinforcing or counterproductive behaviors for sustainable entrepreneurship? The influence of causation and effectuation on sustainability orientation. Business Strategy and the Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bse.2925","journal-title":"Business Strategy and the Environment"},{"key":"5404_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2021.1980910","author":"Y Kazancoglu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazancoglu, Y., Ozkan-Ozen, Y. D., Sagnak, M., Kazancoglu, I., & Dora, M. (2021). Framework for a sustainable supply chain to overcome risks in transition to a circular economy through Industry 4.0. Production Planning and Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2021.1980910","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"key":"5404_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2014.03.004","author":"M Ketokivi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ketokivi, M., & Choi, T. (2014). Renaissance of case research as a scientific method. Journal of Operations Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jom.2014.03.004","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"key":"5404_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126655","author":"IS Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan, I. S., Ahmad, M. O., & Majava, J. (2021). Industry 4.0 and sustainable development: A systematic mapping of triple bottom line, Circular Economy and Sustainable Business Models perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126655","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.111","author":"J Korhonen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Korhonen, J., Nuur, C., Feldmann, A., & Birkie, S. E. (2018). Circular economy as an essentially contested concept. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.111","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103187","author":"M Lezoche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lezoche, M., Panetto, H., Kacprzyk, J., Hernandez, J. E., & Alemany D\u00edaz, M. M. E. (2020). Agri-food 40: A survey of the supply chains and technologies for the future agriculture. Computers in Industry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103187","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"key":"5404_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2018.1449265","author":"SK Mangla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mangla, S. K., Luthra, S., Mishra, N., Singh, A., Rana, N. P., Dora, M., & Dwivedi, Y. (2018). Barriers to effective circular supply chain management in a developing country context. Production Planning and Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2018.1449265","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"key":"5404_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.03.012","author":"G Michelini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Michelini, G., Moraes, R. N., Cunha, R. N., Costa, J. M. H., & Ometto, A. R. (2017). From linear to circular economy: PSS conducting the transition. Procedia CIRP. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procir.2017.03.012","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"5404_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12343","author":"P Mikalef","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mikalef, P., Boura, M., Lekakos, G., & Krogstie, J. (2019). Big data analytics capabilities and innovation: The mediating role of dynamic capabilities and moderating effect of the environment. British Journal of Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8551.12343","journal-title":"British Journal of Management"},{"key":"5404_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.09.004","volume":"70","author":"P Mikalef","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mikalef, P., & Pateli, A. (2017). Information technology-enabled dynamic capabilities and their indirect effect on competitive performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 70, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.09.004","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"5404_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.02.002","volume":"108","author":"J Miranda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miranda, J., Ponce, P., Molina, A., & Wright, P. (2019). Sensing, smart and sustainable technologies for Agri-Food 4.0. Computers in Industry, 108, 21\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2019.02.002","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"key":"5404_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2016.09.006","volume":"83","author":"TD Oesterreich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oesterreich, T. D., & Teuteberg, F. (2016). Understanding the implications of digitisation and automation in the context of Industry 4.0: A triangulation approach and elements of a research agenda for the construction industry. Computers in Industry, 83, 121\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2016.09.006","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"key":"5404_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2020.1810767","author":"T Papadopoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papadopoulos, T., Singh, S. P., Spanaki, K., Gunasekaran, A., & Dubey, R. (2021). Towards the next generation of manufacturing: Implications of big data and digitalization in the context of industry 4.0. Production Planning and Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2020.1810767","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"key":"5404_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102077","author":"G Papaioannou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papaioannou, G., Mohammed, A. M., Despoudi, S., Saridakis, G., & Papadopoulos, T. (2020). The role of adverse economic environment and human capital on collaboration within agri-food supply chains. International Journal of Information Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102077","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"5404_CR65","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Qualitative research and evaluation methods","author":"MQ Patton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. In M. Q. Patton (Ed.), Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed., pp. 339\u2013429). Sage.","edition":"3"},{"key":"5404_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.015","author":"N Patwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patwa, N., Sivarajah, U., Seetharaman, A., Sarkar, S., Maiti, K., & Hingorani, K. (2021). Towards a circular economy: An emerging economies context. Journal of Business Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.015","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"5404_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.032","author":"AC Pereira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pereira, A. C., & Romero, F. (2017). A review of the meanings and the implications of the Industry 4.0 concept. Procedia Manufacturing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.032","journal-title":"Procedia Manufacturing"},{"key":"5404_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.12.053","volume":"142","author":"V Pereira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pereira, V., Nandakumar, M. K., Sahasranamam, S., Bamel, U., Malik, A., & Temouri, Y. (2022). An exploratory study into emerging market SMEs\u2019 involvement in the circular Economy: Evidence from India\u2019s indigenous Ayurveda industry. Journal of Business Research, 142, 188\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.12.053","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"5404_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbl.12202","author":"TJ Pettit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pettit, T. J., Croxton, K. L., & Fiksel, J. (2019). The evolution of resilience in supply chain management: A retrospective on ensuring supply chain resilience. Journal of Business Logistics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbl.12202","journal-title":"Journal of Business Logistics"},{"key":"5404_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.224","author":"V Prieto-Sandoval","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prieto-Sandoval, V., Jaca, C., & Ormazabal, M. (2018). Towards a consensus on the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.224","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"5404_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13675567.2021.1926950","author":"S Rajput","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rajput, S., & Singh, S. P. (2021). Industry 4.0 model for integrated circular economy-reverse logistics network. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13675567.2021.1926950","journal-title":"International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"5404_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2012.11.001","volume":"11","author":"L Reh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reh, L. (2013). Process engineering in circular economy. Particuology, 11(2), 119\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.partic.2012.11.001","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"5404_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-08-2019-0300","author":"M Rogerson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogerson, M., & Parry, G. C. (2020). Blockchain: Case studies in food supply chain visibility. Supply Chain Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SCM-08-2019-0300","journal-title":"Supply Chain Management"},{"key":"5404_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanders, A., Elangeswaran, C., & Wulfsberg, J. P. (2016). Industry 4.0 implies lean manufacturing: Research activities in industry 4.0 function as enablers for lean manufacturing. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 9(3), 811\u2013833","DOI":"10.3926\/jiem.1940"},{"key":"5404_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt, R., M\u00f6hring, M., H\u00e4rting, R. C., Reichstein, C., Neumaier, P., & Jozinovi\u0107, P. (2015). Industry 4.0 - Potentials for Creating Smart Products: Empirical Research Results. In: W. Abramowicz (Ed.), Business Information Systems. BIS 2015. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 208. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19027-3_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19027-3_2"},{"key":"5404_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOPM-01-2020-789","author":"K Scholten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scholten, K., Stevenson, M., & van Donk, D. P. (2019). Dealing with the unpredictable: Supply chain resilience. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJOPM-01-2020-789","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations and Production Management"},{"key":"5404_CR75","first-page":"41","volume":"47","author":"Y Sheffi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sheffi, Y., & Rice, J. B. (2005). A supply chain view of the resilient enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47, 41\u201348.","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"5404_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2019.1691278","author":"M Sony","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sony, M., & Naik, S. (2019). Critical factors for the successful implementation of Industry 4.0: A review and future research direction. Production Planning and Control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2019.1691278","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"key":"5404_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1399222","author":"K Spanaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spanaki, K., G\u00fcrg\u00fc\u00e7, Z., Adams, R., & Mulligan, C. (2018). Data supply chain (DSC): Research synthesis and future directions. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2017.1399222","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102350","author":"K Spanaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spanaki, K., Karafili, E., & Despoudi, S. (2021). AI applications of data sharing in agriculture 4.0: A framework for role-based data access control. International Journal of Information Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102350","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"5404_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.01.129","author":"T Stock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stock, T., & Seliger, G. (2016). Opportunities of sustainable manufacturing in Industry 40. Procedia CIRP. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procir.2016.01.129","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"5404_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041561","author":"D Sumter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sumter, D., de Koning, J., Bakker, C., & Balkenende, R. (2020). Circular economy competencies for design. Sustainability (Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12041561","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5404_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3316\/QRJ1102063","volume":"11","author":"H Suri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63\u201375.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5404_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/3.3.537-a","volume":"3","author":"D Teece","year":"1994","unstructured":"Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 537\u2013556.","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"key":"5404_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.303","author":"M Trstenjak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trstenjak, M., & Cosic, P. (2017). Process planning in Industry 40 environment. Procedia Manufacturing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.303","journal-title":"Procedia Manufacturing"},{"key":"5404_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2021.102037","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Upadhyay, A., Laing, T., Kumar, V., & Dora, M. (2021). Exploring barriers and drivers to the implementation of circular economy practices in the mining industry. Resources Policy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resourpol.2021.102037","journal-title":"Resources Policy"},{"key":"5404_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su131810366","author":"M Vacchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vacchi, M., Siligardi, C., Cedillo-Gonz\u00e1lez, E. I., Ferrari, A. M., & Settembre-Blundo, D. (2021). Industry 4.0 and smart data as enablers of the circular economy in manufacturing: Product re-engineering with circular eco-design. Sustainability (Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su131810366","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"5404_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.02.034","author":"S Vaidya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaidya, S., Ambad, P., & Bhosle, S. (2018). Industry 4.0\u2014A Glimpse. Procedia Manufacturing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.02.034","journal-title":"Procedia Manufacturing"},{"key":"5404_CR87","unstructured":"Vlajic, J. V. J. V., Hsiao, H. H.-I., & Ireland, N. (2018). Collaboration in circular supply chains. In Logistics network conference."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"5404_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2013.09.003","volume":"31","author":"BD Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams, B. D., Roh, J., Tokar, T., & Swink, M. (2013). Leveraging supply chain visibility for responsiveness: The moderating role of internal integration. Journal of Operations Management, 31(7\u20138), 543\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jom.2013.09.003","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"key":"5404_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2015.03.005","volume":"165","author":"CWY Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong, C. W. Y., Lai, K.-H., & Bernroider, E. W. N. (2015). The performance of contingencies of supply chain information integration: The roles of product and market complexity. International Journal of Production Economics, 165, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2015.03.005","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"5404_CR90","unstructured":"World Bank. (2021). Small and medium enterprises finance. https:\/\/www.Worldbank.Org\/En\/Topic\/Smefinance"},{"key":"5404_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108388","volume":"244","author":"FA Yamoah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamoah, F. A., Sivarajah, U., Mahroof, K., & Pe\u00f1a, I. G. (2022). Demystifying corporate inertia towards transition to circular economy: A management frame of reference. International Journal of Production Economics, 244, 108388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108388","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"5404_CR92","unstructured":"Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed., Vol. 5). Sage."},{"key":"5404_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1403664","author":"Y Yin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yin, Y., Stecke, K. E., & Li, D. (2018). The evolution of production systems from Industry 2.0 through Industry 4.0. International Journal of Production Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2017.1403664","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"5404_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr7010036","author":"I Zambon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zambon, I., Cecchini, M., Egidi, G., Saporito, M. G., & Colantoni, A. (2019). Revolution 4.0: Industry vs. agriculture in a future development for SMEs. Processes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr7010036","journal-title":"Processes"}],"container-title":["Annals of Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-023-05404-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-023-05404-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-023-05404-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T17:58:56Z","timestamp":1757095136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10479-023-05404-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-023-05404-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-5330","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}