{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:33:32Z","timestamp":1770834812378,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-006-0011-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T12:40:19Z","timestamp":1169037619000},"page":"139-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["An algorithm based on counterfactuals for concept learning in the Semantic Web"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Iannone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignazio","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Fanizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"11_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irina Astrova (2004) Reverse engineering of relational databases to ontologies. In: Christoph Bussler, John Davies, Dieter Fensel, Rudi Studer (eds), ESWS, vol 3053 of lecture notes in computer science, Springer, pp 327\u2013341","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25956-5_23"},{"key":"11_CR2","unstructured":"Baader F, Calvanese D, McGuinness D, Nardi D, Patel-Schneider P (eds) (2003) The description logic handbook. Cambridge University Press"},{"key":"11_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baader F, K\u00fcsters R (2005) Non-standard inferences in description logics: The story so far. In: Gabbay D, Goncharov SS, Zakharyaschev M (eds), Mathematical problems from applied logic. New logics for the XXIst century, vol 4 of International mathematical series. Kluwer\/Plenum Publishers (To appear)","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-31072-X_1"},{"key":"11_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badea L, Nienhuys-Cheng S-H (2000) A refinement operator for description logics. In: Cussens J, Frisch A (eds) Proceedings of the 10th international conference on inductive logic programming, vol 1866 of LNAI, pp 40\u201359","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44960-4_3"},{"key":"11_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liviu Badea, Monica Stanciu (1999) Refinement operators can be (weakly) perfect. In: Saso Dzeroski, Peter AF (eds) ILP, vol 1634 of lecture notes in computer science, Springer, pp 21\u201332","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48751-4_4"},{"key":"11_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berners-Lee T, Hendler J, Lassila O (2001) The semantic web. Scientific American","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0501-34"},{"key":"11_CR7","unstructured":"Alex Borgida, Thomas JW, Haym Hirsh (2005) Towards measuring similarity in description logics. In: Ian Horrocks, Ulrike Sattler, Frank Wolter (eds) Description logics 2005. Proceedings of the 2005 international workshop on description logics (DL-2005), Edinburgh, UK, vol 147. CEUR-WS"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"11_CR8","first-page":"169","volume":"17","author":"WW Cohen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cohen WW, Hirsh H (1994) The learnability of description logics with equality constraints. Mach Learn 17(2\u20133):169\u2013199","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"11_CR9","unstructured":"Cohen WW, Hirsh H (1994) Learning the classic description logic: Theoretical and experimental results. In: Torasso P, Doyle J, Sandewall E (eds) Proceedings of the 4th international conference on the principles of knowledge representation and reasoning, Morgan Kaufmannpp, pp 121\u2013133"},{"key":"11_CR10","unstructured":"d\u2019Amato C, Fanizzi N, Esposito F (2005) A semantic similarity measure for expressive description logics. In: Pettorossi A (ed) Proceedings of convegno Italiano di logica computazionale (CILC05), Rome, Italy, http:\/\/www.disp.uniroma2.it\/CILC2005\/downloads\/papers\/15.dAmato_CILC05.%pdf."},{"key":"11_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"d\u2019Amato C, Fanizzi N, Esposito F (2006) A dissimilarity measure for ALC concept descriptions. In: Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium of applied computing, SAC2006, Dijon, France","DOI":"10.1145\/1141277.1141677"},{"key":"11_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietterich TG, London RL, Clarkson K, Dromey G (1982) The Handbook of artificial intelligence, vol III, Chapter XIV\u2014 Learning and inductive inference, William Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, pp 323\u2013512","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-86576-091-2.50009-5"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"11_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(98)00009-5","volume":"100","author":"FM Donini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Donini FM, Lenzerini M, Nardi D, Nutt W (1998) An epistemic operator for description logics. Artif Intell 100(1\u20132):225\u2013274","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"11_CR14","unstructured":"Floriana Esposito, Nicola Fanizzi, Luigi Iannone, Ignazio Palmisano, Semeraro G (2004) Induction and revision of terminologies. In: Lorenza Saitta (ed) Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), IOS Press, pp 1007\u20131008"},{"key":"11_CR15","unstructured":"Floriana Esposito, Nicola Fanizzi, Luigi Iannone, Ignazio Palmisano, Giovanni Semeraro (2005) A counterfactual-based learning algorithm for description logic. In: Proceedings of the Italian conference on artificial intelligence, AI*IA2005, pp 406\u2013417"},{"key":"11_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floriana Esposito, Donato Malerba, Francesca A. Lisi (2000) Machine learning for intelligent processing of printed documents. J Intell Inf Syst 14(2\u20133):175\u2013198","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008735902918"},{"key":"11_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefano Ferilli, Nicola Di Mauro, Teresa Maria Altomare Basile, Floriana Esposito (2003) Incremental induction of rules for document image understanding. In: Cappelli A, Turini F (eds) Proceedings of the conference of the Italian association for artificial intelligence, AI*IA, vol 2829 of Lecture notes in computer science, pp 176\u2013188","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39853-0_15"},{"key":"11_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerhard Friedrich, Kostyantyn Shchekotykhin (2005) A general diagnosis method for ontologies. In: Gil Y, Motta V, Benjamins E, Mark A Musen (eds) Proceedings of the 4th international semantic web conference, ISWC2005, no 3279 in LNCS, Galway, Ireland, pp 232\u2013246","DOI":"10.1007\/11574620_19"},{"key":"11_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas R Gruber (1993) A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Academic Press","DOI":"10.1006\/knac.1993.1008"},{"key":"11_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter Haase, Frank van Harmelen, Zhisheng Huang, Heiner Stuckenschmidt, York Sure (2005) A framework for handling inconsistency in changing ontologies. In: Gil Y, Motta V, Benjamins E, Mark A Musen (eds) Proceedings of the 4th international semantic web conference, ISWC2005, no 3279 in LNCS, Galway, Ireland, pp 353\u2013367","DOI":"10.1007\/11574620_27"},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2003.07.001","volume":"1","author":"Horrocks Ian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ian Horrocks, Peter F Patel-Schneider, Frank van Harmelen (2003) From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. J Web Semantics 1(1):7\u201326","journal-title":"J Web Semantics"},{"key":"11_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luigi Iannone, Ignazio Palmisano (2005) An algorithm based on counterfactuals for concept learning in the semantic web. In: Moonis Ali, Floriana Esposito (eds) Innovations in applied artificial intelligence, 18th international conference on industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems, IEA\/AIE 2005, vol 3533 of Lecture notes in computer science, pp 370\u2013379","DOI":"10.1007\/11504894_53"},{"key":"11_CR23","unstructured":"Kietz J-U (2002) Learnability of description logic programs. In: Matwin S, Sammut C (eds) Proceedings of the 12th international conference on inductive logic programming, vol 2583 of LNAI, Sydney, pp 117\u2013132"},{"key":"11_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander Maedche, Steffen Staab (2001) Ontology learning for the semantic web. IEEE Intell Syst 16(2):March\/April","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.920602"},{"key":"11_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalski RS, Carbonell JG, Mitchell TM (eds) (1984) Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach, Chapter a theory and methodology of inductive learning, Berlin, Heidelberg pp 83\u2013130","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051054-5.50008-X"},{"key":"11_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tom Mitchell (1982) Generalization as search. Artif Intell, Pages 203\u2013226","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(82)90040-6"},{"key":"11_CR27","unstructured":"RDF-Schema (2003) RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema. Available at: http:\/\/www.w3c.org\/TR\/rdf-schema"},{"key":"11_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rouveirol C, Ventos V (2000) Towards learning in CARIN-ALN. In: Cussens J, Frisch A (eds) Proceedings of the 10th international conference on inductive logic programming, vol 1866 of LNAI, pp 191\u2013208","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44960-4_12"},{"issue":"1","key":"11_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90078-X","volume":"48","author":"M Schmidt-Schau\u00df","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schmidt-Schau\u00df M, Smolka G (1991) Attributive concept descriptions with complements. Artif Intell 48(1):1\u201326","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"11_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teege G (1994) A subtraction operation for description logics. In: Torasso P, Doyle J, Sandewall E (eds) Proceedings of the 4th international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, pp 540\u2013550","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-1452-8.50145-7"},{"key":"11_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leslie G Valiant (1984) A theory of the learnable. Commun ACM, 27(11):1134\u20131142","DOI":"10.1145\/1968.1972"},{"key":"11_CR32","unstructured":"Patrick RJ van der Laag, Shan-Hwei Nienhuys-Cheng (1994) Existence and nonexistence of complete refinement operators. In: Francesco Bergadano, Luc De Raedt (eds) ECML, vol 784 of Lecture notes in computer science, pp 307\u2013322"},{"key":"11_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90038-7","volume":"14","author":"SA Vere","year":"1980","unstructured":"Vere SA (1980) Multilevel counterfactuals for generalizations of relational concepts and productions. Artif Intell 14:139\u2013164","journal-title":"Artif Intell"}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-006-0011-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10489-006-0011-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-006-0011-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T11:54:01Z","timestamp":1683719641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10489-006-0011-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]]}},"alternative-id":["11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-006-0011-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-669X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]}}}