{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:58:36Z","timestamp":1772891916620,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-02044-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T09:04:53Z","timestamp":1605517493000},"page":"3534-3547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Multilinear subspace learning using handcrafted and deep features for face kinship verification in the wild"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Mohcene","family":"Bessaoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Chouchane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdelmalik","family":"Ouamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elhocine","family":"Boutellaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkan O, Weill J, Wolf L, Aronowitz H (2013) Fast high dimensional vector multiplication face recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp. 1960\u20131967","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.246"},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-018-1318-8","volume":"49","author":"M Bessaoudi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bessaoudi M, Belahcene M, Ouamane A, Chouchane A, Bourennane S (2019) Multilinear enhanced fisher discriminant analysis for robust multimodal 2d and 3d face verification. Appl Intell 49(4):1339\u20131354","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"2044_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.09.051","volume":"329","author":"M Bessaoudi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bessaoudi M, Ouamane A, Belahcene M, Chouchane A, Boutellaa E, Bourennane S (2019) Multilinear side-information based discriminant analysis for face and kinship verification in the wild. Neurocomputing 329:267\u2013278","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boutellaa E, L\u00f3pez MB, Ait-Aoudia S, Feng X, Hadid A (2017) Kinship verification from videos using spatio-temporal texture features and deep learning","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2016.7550072"},{"issue":"12","key":"2044_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/6.12.2","volume":"6","author":"MF Dal Martello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dal Martello MF, Maloney LT (2006) Where are kin recognition signals in the human face? J Vis 6(12):2\u20132","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2010.2064307","volume":"19","author":"N Dehak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dehak N, Kenny PJ, Dehak R, Dumouchel P, Ouellet P (2010) Front-end factor analysis for speaker verification. IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech, and Language Processing 19(4):788\u2013798","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech, and Language Processing"},{"issue":"10","key":"2044_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2015.2427893","volume":"64","author":"L Fang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fang L, Li S (2015) Face recognition by exploiting local gabor features with multitask adaptive sparse representation. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 64(10):2605\u20132615","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"2044_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang R, Tang KD, Snavely N, Chen T (2010) Towards computational models of kinship verification. In: 2010 IEEE International conference on image processing, pp. 1577\u20131580. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5652590"},{"issue":"8","key":"2044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2012.2187468","volume":"61","author":"G Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo G, Wang X (2012) Kinship measurement on salient facial features. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 61(8):2322\u20132325","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"2044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell Jr FE (2015) Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"2044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918208812265","volume":"11","author":"RL Iman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Iman RL, Conover WJ (1982) A distribution-free approach to inducing rank correlation among input variables. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation 11(3):311\u2013334","journal-title":"Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation"},{"issue":"1670","key":"2044_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0677","volume":"276","author":"G Kaminski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaminski G, Dridi S, Graff C, Gentaz E (2009) Human ability to detect kinship in strangerb faces: effects of the degree of relatedness. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 276(1670):3193\u20133200","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2044_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610388045","volume":"21","author":"G Kaminski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaminski G, Ravary F, Graff C, Gentaz E (2010) Firstborns\u2019 disadvantage in kinship detection. Psychological science 21(12):1746\u20131750","journal-title":"Psychological science"},{"key":"2044_CR14","unstructured":"Kannala J, Rahtu E (2012) Bsif: Binarized statistical image features. In: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR2012), pp. 1363\u20131366. IEEE"},{"key":"2044_CR15","unstructured":"Kofman A (2016) The troubling rise of rapid dna testing. goo gl\/uuhZSN"},{"issue":"11","key":"2044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-019-01489-2","volume":"49","author":"O Laiadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laiadi O, Ouamane A, Benakcha A, Taleb-Ahmed A, Hadid A (2019) Learning multi-view deep and shallow features through new discriminative subspace for bi-subject and tri-subject kinship verification. Appl Intell 49(11):3894\u20133908","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"2044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.10.055","volume":"377","author":"O Laiadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laiadi O, Ouamane A, Benakcha A, Taleb-Ahmed A, Hadid A (2020) Tensor cross-view quadratic discriminant analysis for kinship verification in the wild. Neurocomputing 377:286\u2013300","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"12","key":"2044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-7027-9","volume":"78","author":"O Laiadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laiadi O, Ouamane A, Boutellaa E, Benakcha A, Taleb-Ahmed A, Hadid A (2019) Kinship verification from face images in discriminative subspaces of color components. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78(12):16465\u201316487","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"issue":"10","key":"2044_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1109\/34.541406","volume":"18","author":"TS Lee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lee TS (1996) Image representation using 2d gabor wavelets. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 18(10):959\u2013971","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"2044_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.05.034","volume":"137","author":"C Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li C, Huang Y, Xue Y (2019) Dependence structure of gabor wavelets based on copula for face recognition. Expert Syst Appl 137:453\u2013470","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2044_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.08.001","volume":"61","author":"W Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li W, Wu Y, Li J (2017) Re-identification by neighborhood structure metric learning. Pattern Recogn 61:327\u2013338","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"3","key":"2044_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2875346","volume":"28","author":"J Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang J, Hu Q, Dang C, Zuo W (2018) Weighted graph embedding-based metric learning for kinship verification. IEEE Trans Image Process 28(3):1149\u20131162","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"2044_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao S, Hu Y, Zhu X, Li SZ (2015) Person re-identification by local maximal occurrence representation and metric learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 2197\u20132206","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298832"},{"key":"2044_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.05.001","volume":"68","author":"VE Liong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liong VE, Lu J, Ge Y (2015) Regularized local metric learning for person re-identification. Pattern Recogn Lett 68:288\u2013296","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2044_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2007.901277","volume":"19","author":"H Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu H, Plataniotis KN, Venetsanopoulos AN (2008) Mpca: Multilinear principal component analysis of tensor objects. IEEE transactions on Neural Networks 19(1):18\u201339","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on Neural Networks"},{"issue":"1","key":"2044_CR26","first-page":"103","volume":"20","author":"H Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu H, Plataniotis KN, Venetsanopoulos AN (2008) Uncorrelated multilinear discriminant analysis with regularization and aggregation for tensor object recognition. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 20(1):103\u2013123","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"},{"issue":"9","key":"2044_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2717505","volume":"26","author":"J Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu J, Hu J, Tan YP (2017) Discriminative deep metric learning for face and kinship verification. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(9):4269\u20134282","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"2044_CR28","first-page":"331","volume":"36","author":"J Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu J, Zhou X, Tan YP, Shang Y, Zhou J (2013) Neighborhood repulsed metric learning for kinship verification. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 36(2):331\u2013345","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"2044_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2017.12.003","volume":"167","author":"S Mahpod","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahpod S, Keller Y (2018) Kinship verification using multiview hybrid distance learning. Comput Vis Image Underst 167:28\u201336","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"key":"2044_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen HV, Bai L (2010) Cosine similarity metric learning for face verification. In: Asian conference on computer vision, pp. 709\u2013720. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19309-5_55"},{"key":"2044_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojansivu V, Heikkil\u00e4 J. (2008) Blur insensitive texture classification using local phase quantization. In: International conference on image and signal processing, pp. 236\u2013243. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69905-7_27"},{"issue":"11","key":"2044_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2718490","volume":"12","author":"A Ouamane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ouamane A, Chouchane A, Boutellaa E, Belahcene M, Bourennane S, Hadid A (2017) Efficient tensor-based 2d + 3d face verification. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 12 (11):2751\u20132762","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"issue":"12","key":"2044_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2014.2306844","volume":"25","author":"Y Pang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pang Y, Wang S, Yuan Y (2014) Learning regularized lda by clustering. IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems 25(12):2191\u20132201","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems"},{"key":"2044_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parkhi OM, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2015) Deep face recognition. In: British machine vision conference","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.41"},{"issue":"10","key":"2044_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2015.2461462","volume":"17","author":"X Qin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qin X, Tan X, Chen S (2015) Tri-subject kinship verification: Understanding the core of a family. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 17(10):1855\u20131867","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2012.2187436","volume":"14","author":"S Xia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xia S, Shao M, Luo J, Fu Y (2012) Understanding kin relationships in a photo. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 14(4):1046\u20131056","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"2044_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2016.08.009","volume":"60","author":"H Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan H (2017) Kinship verification using neighborhood repulsed correlation metric learning. Image Vis Comput 60:91\u201397","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"2044_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2327757","volume":"9","author":"H Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan H, Lu J, Deng W, Zhou X (2014) Discriminative multimetric learning for kinship verification. IEEE Transactions on Information forensics and security 9(7):1169\u20131178","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information forensics and security"},{"issue":"1","key":"2044_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.884929","volume":"16","author":"S Yan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yan S, Xu D, Yang Q, Zhang L, Tang X, Zhang HJ (2006) Multilinear discriminant analysis for face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 16(1):212\u2013220","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"13","key":"2044_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.02.025","volume":"181","author":"D Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang D, Jiao L, Gong M, Liu F (2011) Artificial immune multi-objective sar image segmentation with fused complementary features. Inf Sci 181(13):2797\u20132812","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"2044_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Y, Sun J (2010) Face recognition based on gabor feature extraction and fractal coding. In: 2010 Third international symposium on electronic commerce and security, pp. 302\u2013306. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISECS.2010.73"},{"issue":"2","key":"2044_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2009.2016589","volume":"24","author":"H Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu H, Chung C, Wong K, Lee H, Zhang J (2009) Probabilistic load flow evaluation with hybrid latin hypercube sampling and cholesky decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 24(2):661\u2013667","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"2044_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2685343","volume":"26","author":"S Yuan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuan S, Mao X, Chen L (2017) Multilinear spatial discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(6):2669\u20132681","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"2044_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Duan Q, Zhang D, Jia W, Wang x. (2020) Advkin: Adversarial convolutional network for kinship verification. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2019.2959403"},{"key":"2044_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.07.011","volume":"48","author":"X Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou X, Jin K, Xu M, Guo G (2019) Learning deep compact similarity metric for kinship verification from face images. Information Fusion 48:84\u201394","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"2044_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou X, Lu J, Hu J, Shang Y (2012) Gabor-based gradient orientation pyramid for kinship verification under uncontrolled environments. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia, pp. 725\u2013728","DOI":"10.1145\/2393347.2396297"}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-020-02044-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10489-020-02044-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-020-02044-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T08:17:27Z","timestamp":1621498647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10489-020-02044-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-020-02044-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-669X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}