{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:59:28Z","timestamp":1774641568864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61876138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02586-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T09:02:40Z","timestamp":1627117360000},"page":"4610-4625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Monte carlo tree search for dynamic bike repositioning in bike-sharing systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"He","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Longji","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2586_CR1","unstructured":"Meddin R, DeMaio P (2018) The bike-sharing world map. http:\/\/www.bikesharingworldcom"},{"issue":"December 2018","key":"2586_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.12.023","volume":"128","author":"X Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao X, Lee GM (2019) Moment-based rental prediction for bicycle-sharing transportation systems using a hybrid genetic algorithm and machine learning. Comput Ind Eng 128(December 2018):60\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2018.12.023","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"2586_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hulot P, Aloise D, Jena SD (2018) Towards station-level demand prediction for effective rebalancing in bike-sharing systems. In: Guo Y, Farooq F (eds) Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, KDD 2018, London, UK, August 19-23, 2018, ACM, pp 378\u2013386","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3219873"},{"issue":"January","key":"2586_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.02.007","volume":"153","author":"V Sathishkumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sathishkumar V, Park J, Cho Y (2020) Using data mining techniques for bike sharing demand prediction in metropolitan city. Comput Commun 153(January):353\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.02.007","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2586_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-016-0505-x","volume":"99","author":"L Cagliero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cagliero L, Cerquitelli T, Chiusano S, Garza P, Xiao X (2017) Predicting critical conditions in bicycle sharing systems. Computing 99(1):39\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-016-0505-x","journal-title":"Computing"},{"issue":"5","key":"2586_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12560","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu Q, Chen F, Shao J, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Yang W (2019) A reliable traffic prediction approach for bike-sharing system by exploiting rich information with temporal link prediction strategy. Transactions in GIS 23(5):1125\u20131151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tgis.12560.","journal-title":"Transactions in GIS"},{"key":"2586_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.04.020","volume":"178","author":"W Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia W, Tan Y, Liu L, Li J, Zhang H, Zhao K (2019) Hierarchical prediction based on two-level Gaussian mixture model clustering for bike-sharing system. Knowl-Based Syst 178:84\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.04.020","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2586_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2019.2898831","volume":"32","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Zheng Y (2020) Citywide bike usage prediction in a bike-sharing system. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 32(6):1079\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2019.2898831","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"2586_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13676-012-0017-6","volume":"2","author":"T Raviv","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raviv T, Tzur M, Forma IA (2013) Static repositioning in a bike-sharing system: models and solution approaches. EURO J. Transport. Logist. 2(3):187\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13676-012-0017-6","journal-title":"EURO J. Transport. Logist."},{"issue":"3","key":"2586_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.08.029","volume":"257","author":"J Schuijbroek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schuijbroek J, Hampshire RC, van Hoeve WJ (2017) Inventory rebalancing and vehicle routing in bike sharing systems. Eur J Oper Res 257(3):992\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.08.029","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"September","key":"2586_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.09.016","volume":"65","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Szeto WY (2018) Static green repositioning in bike sharing systems with broken bikes. Transport. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 65(September):438\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2018.09.016","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part D Transp. Environ."},{"key":"2586_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.08.058","volume":"20","author":"P Vogel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vogel P, Greiser T, Mattfeld DC (2011) Understanding bike-sharing systems using Data Mining: Exploring activity patterns. Procedia. Soc. Behav. Sci. 20:514\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.08.058","journal-title":"Procedia. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"2586_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.5308","volume":"58","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Varakantham P, Adulyasak Y, Jaillet P (2017) Dynamic repositioning to reduce lost demand in bike sharing systems. J Artif Intell Res 58:387\u2013430","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"key":"2586_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Varakantham P, Adulyasak Y, Jaillet P (2015) Dynamic redeployment to counter congestion or starvation in vehicle sharing systems. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, ICAPS 2015, Jerusalem, Israel, June, 7\u201311, 2015, pp 79\u201387","DOI":"10.1609\/icaps.v25i1.13713"},{"key":"2586_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowalekar M, Varakantham P, Ghosh S, Jena SD, Jaillet P (2017) Online repositioning in bike sharing systems. In: Barbulescu L, Frank J, Mausam SSF (eds) Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, ICAPS 2017, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, June 18-23 2017, pp 200\u2013208","DOI":"10.1609\/icaps.v27i1.13824"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2586_CR16.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Trick M, Varakantham P (2016) Robust repositioning to counter unpredictable demand in bike sharing systems. In: Kambhampati S","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.5308"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2586_CR16.2","unstructured":"(ed) Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2016, New York, NY, USA, 9-15 July 2016, pp 3096-3102"},{"key":"2586_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Koh JY, Jaillet P (2019) Improving customer satisfaction in bike sharing systems through dynamic repositioning. In: Kraus S (ed) Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2019, Macao, China, August 10-16, 2019, ijcai.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/813, pp 5864\u20135870","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/813"},{"key":"2586_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin R, Kong L, Guo M, Yao B, Guizani M (2018) Rebalance Modern Bike Sharing System: Spatio-Temporal Data Prediction and Path Planning for Multiple Carriers. In: 24th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS 2018, Singapore, December 11-13, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PADSW.2018.8644999,. IEEE, pp 1081\u20131086","DOI":"10.1109\/PADSW.2018.8644999,"},{"issue":"2","key":"2586_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2019.2950964","volume":"17","author":"H Jia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jia H, Miao H, Tian G, Zhou MC, Feng Y, Li Z, Li J (2020) Multiobjective bike repositioning in Bike-Sharing systems via a modified artificial bee colony algorithm. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 17 (2):909\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TASE.2019.2950964","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng"},{"key":"2586_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Zheng Y, Yang Q (2018) Dynamic bike reposition: a spatio-temporal reinforcement learning approach. In: Guo Y, Farooq F (eds) Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, KDD 2018, London, UK, August 19-23, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3219819.3220110. ACM, pp 1724\u20131733","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220110"},{"issue":"4","key":"2586_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2303986","volume":"15","author":"J Pfrommer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pfrommer J, Warrington J, Schildbach G, Morari M (2014) Dynamic vehicle redistribution and online price incentives in shared mobility systems. IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst 15(4):1567\u20131578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2014.2303986. arXiv:1304.3949","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst"},{"key":"2586_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singla A, Santoni M, Bart\u00f3k G, Mukerji P, Meenen M, Krause A (2015) Incentivizing users for balancing bike sharing systems. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, January 25-30, 2015, Austin, Texas, USA. http:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/AAAI\/AAAI15\/paper\/view\/9942. AAAI Press, pp 723\u2013729","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v29i1.9251"},{"key":"2586_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Varakantham P (2017) Incentivizing the use of bike trailers for dynamic repositioning in bike sharing systems. In: Barbulescu L, Frank J, Mausam SSF (eds) Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, ICAPS 2017, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, June 18-23 2017, pp 373\u2013381","DOI":"10.1609\/icaps.v27i1.13847"},{"issue":"October","key":"2586_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.10.016","volume":"97","author":"A Angelopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Angelopoulos A, Gavalas D, Konstantopoulos C, Kypriadis D, Pantziou G (2018) Incentivized vehicle relocation in vehicle sharing systems. Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol 97(October):175\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2018.10.016","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C: Emerg Technol"},{"key":"2586_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yi P, Huang F, Peng J (2019) A rebalancing strategy for the imbalance problem in bike-sharing systems. Energies 12(13). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en12132578","DOI":"10.3390\/en12132578"},{"key":"2586_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58889","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2982686","volume":"8","author":"Y Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji Y, Jin X, Ma X, Zhang S (2020) How Does Dockless Bike-Sharing System Behave by Incentivizing Users to Participate in Rebalancing? IEEE Access 8:58889\u201358897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2982686","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"2586_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3376923","volume":"14","author":"F Chiariotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiariotti F, Pielli C, Zanella A, Zorzi M (2020) A bike-sharing optimization framework combining dynamic rebalancing and user incentives. ACM Trans Auton Adaptive Syst (TAAS) 14(3):1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3376923","journal-title":"ACM Trans Auton Adaptive Syst (TAAS)"},{"key":"2586_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garg N, Ranu S (2018) Route recommendations for idle taxi drivers: Find me the shortest route to a customer!. In: Guo Y, Farooq F (eds) Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, KDD 2018, London, UK, August 19-23 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3219819.3220055, pp 1425\u20131434","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220055"},{"issue":"8","key":"2586_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2868483","volume":"20","author":"F Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang F, Qiao S, Peng J, Guo B (2019a) A bimodal gaussian inhomogeneous poisson algorithm for bike number prediction in a bike-sharing system. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(8):2848\u20132857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2018.2868483","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"2586_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang J, Wang X, Sun H (2019b) Central station based demand prediction in a bike sharing system. In: 20th IEEE international conference on mobile data management, MDM 2019, hong kong, SAR, China, June 10-13 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MDM.2019.00-38, pp 346\u2013348","DOI":"10.1109\/MDM.2019.00-38"},{"key":"2586_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu J, Li Q, Qu M, Chen W, Yang J, Xiong H, Zhong H, Fu Y (2015) Station site optimization in bike sharing systems. In: Aggarwal CC, Zhou Z, Tuzhilin A, Xiong H, Wu X (eds) 2015 IEEE International conference on data mining, ICDM 2015, atlantic city, NJ, USA, November 14-17 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDM.2015.99, pp 883\u2013888","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2015.99"},{"key":"2586_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG, Aiken LS (2013) Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203774441"},{"key":"2586_CR33","unstructured":"MacQueen JB (1967) Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: In 5-th berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, pp 281\u2013297"},{"issue":"1","key":"2586_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2006.01.013","volume":"60","author":"D Birant","year":"2007","unstructured":"Birant D, Kut A (2007) ST-DBSCAN: An algorithm for clustering spatial-temporal data. Data Know Eng 60(1):208\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.datak.2006.01.013","journal-title":"Data Know Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2586_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TCIAIG.2012.2186810","volume":"4","author":"CB Browne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Browne CB, Powley E, Whitehouse D, Lucas SM, Cowling PI, Rohlfshagen P, Tavener S, Perez D, Samothrakis S, Colton S (2012) A survey of monte carlo tree search methods. IEEE Trans Comput Intell AI Games 4(1):1\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCIAIG.2012.2186810","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Intell AI Games"},{"key":"2586_CR36","volume-title":"Introduction to reinforcement learning, vol 135","author":"RS Sutton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sutton RS, Barto AG (1998) Introduction to reinforcement learning, vol 135. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"2586_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kocsis L, Szepesv\u00e1ri C (2006) Bandit based monte-carlo planning. In: F\u00fcrnkranz J, Scheffer T, Spiliopoulou M (eds) European conference on machine learning (ECML). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11871842_29. Springer, Berlin, pp 282\u2013293","DOI":"10.1007\/11871842_29"},{"issue":"1","key":"2586_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2307\/2346413","volume":"29","author":"P Lerman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lerman P (1980) Fitting segmented regression models by grid search. J R Stat Soc Series C (Appl Stat) 29(1):77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2346413","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series C (Appl Stat)"}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02586-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02586-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02586-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T11:05:23Z","timestamp":1672916723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02586-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02586-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-669X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Conflict of Interests"}}]}}