{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:47:59Z","timestamp":1762530479466,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61906154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61906154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-025-06726-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:55:30Z","timestamp":1758808530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-way clustering ensemble based on shadowed sets with five approximation regions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-4402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huangjian","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dongkai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qinran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruisi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6726_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40745-015-0040-1","volume":"2","author":"D Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu D, Tian Y (2015) A comprehensive survey of clustering algorithms. Ann Data Sci 2(2):165\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40745-015-0040-1","journal-title":"Ann Data Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6726_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.809032","volume":"29","author":"A Baraldi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baraldi A, Blonda P (1999) A survey of fuzzy clustering algorithms for pattern recognition I. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet B (Cybernetics) 29(6):778\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/3477.809032","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet B (Cybernetics)"},{"key":"6726_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borra S, Thanki R, Dey N (2019) Satellite image analysis: Clustering and classification. 97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-6424-2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6424-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"6726_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2018.2881643","volume":"14","author":"EH Ruspini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruspini EH, Bezdek JC, Keller JM (2019) Fuzzy clustering: A historical perspective. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 14(1):45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCI.2018.2881643","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Intell Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"6726_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2007.01.003","volume":"63","author":"P Kumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kumar P, Krishna PR, Bapi RS, De SK (2007) Rough clustering of sequential data. Data Knowl Eng 63(2):183\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.datak.2007.01.003","journal-title":"Data Knowl Eng"},{"key":"6726_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.111131","volume":"151","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang P, Yang X, Ding W, Zhan J, Yao Y (2024) Three-way clustering: Foundations, survey and challenges. Appl Soft Comput 151:111131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.111131","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"6726_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nayak J, Naik B, Behera HS (2015) Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm: A decade review from 2000 to 2014. In: Jain L, Behera H, Mandal J, Mohapatra D (eds)\u00a0Computational Intelligence In Data Mining, Vol 2. Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies (vol. 32). pp 133\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-81-322-2208-814","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2208-814"},{"issue":"5","key":"6726_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956Bock","volume":"11","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pawlak Z (1982) Rough sets. Int J Comput Inform Sci 11(5):341\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01001956Bock","journal-title":"Int J Comput Inform Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6726_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2005.863371","volume":"36","author":"S Mitra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mitra S, Banka H, Pedrycz W (2006) Rough-fuzzy collaborative clustering. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet B (Cybernetics) 36(4):795\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSMCB.2005.863371","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet B (Cybernetics)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6726_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.09.021","volume":"180","author":"Y Yao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yao Y (2010) Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets. Inf Sci 180(3):341\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2009.09.021","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6726_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu H (2017) A framework of three-way cluster analysis. In: Polkowski L, Yao Y, Artiemjew P, Ciucci D, Liu D, Slezak D, Zielosko B (eds)\u00a0Rough Sets, Ijcrs 2017, Pt Ii. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (vol. 10314). pp 300\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-60840-2_22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60840-2_22"},{"issue":"3","key":"6726_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1162\/153244303321897735","volume":"3","author":"A Strehl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Strehl A, Ghosh J (2002) Cluster ensembles - a knowledge reuse framework for combining multiple partitions. J Mach Learn Res 3(3):583\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/153244303321897735","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6726_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2005.11.003","volume":"19","author":"ZH Zhou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhou ZH, Tang W (2006) Clusterer ensemble. Knowl-Based Syst 19(1):77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2005.11.003","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"6726_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104388","volume":"104","author":"K Golalipour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Golalipour K, Akbari E, Hamidi SS, Lee M, Enayatifar R (2021) From clustering to clustering ensemble selection: A review. Eng Appl Artif Intell 104:104388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104388","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"6726_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102587","volume":"113","author":"R Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang R, Hang S, Sun Z, Nie F, Wang R, Li X (2025) Anchor-based fast spectral ensemble clustering. Inform Fusion 113:102587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102587","journal-title":"Inform Fusion"},{"key":"6726_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2019.09.001","volume":"115","author":"H Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu H, Chen Y, Lingras P, Wang G (2019) A three-way cluster ensemble approach for large-scale data. Int J Approx Reason 115:32\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijar.2019.09.001","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"9","key":"6726_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.3390\/math10091457","volume":"10","author":"T Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu T, Fan J, Wang P (2022) An improved three-way clustering based on ensemble strategy. Mathematics 10(9):1457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math10091457","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"9","key":"6726_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-022-01543-5","volume":"13","author":"C Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang C, Li Z, Yao J (2022) A shadowed set-based three-way clustering ensemble approach. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 13(9):2545\u20132558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-022-01543-5","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"6726_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.658584","volume":"28","author":"W Pedrycz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pedrycz W (1998) Shadowed sets: representing and processing fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet B (Cybernetics) 28(1):103\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/3477.658584","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet B (Cybernetics)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"6726_CR20","first-page":"255","volume":"55","author":"G Cattaneo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cattaneo G, Ciucci D (2003) Shadowed sets and related algebraic structures. Fund Inform 55(3\u20134):255\u2013284","journal-title":"Fund Inform"},{"key":"6726_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng X, Yao Y (2013) Mean-value-based decision-theoretic shadowed sets. In: Pedrycz W, Reformat M (eds)\u00a0Proceedings Of The 2013 Joint Ifsa World Congress And Nafips Annual Meeting (Ifsa\/Nafips).\u00a0pp 1382\u20131387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608603","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608603"},{"key":"6726_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.07.058","volume":"507","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Yao J (2020) Game theoretic approach to shadowed sets: A three-way tradeoff perspective. Inf Sci 507:540\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2018.07.058","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6726_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2020.02.006","volume":"120","author":"M Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao M, Zhang Q, Zhao F, Wang G (2020) Mean-entropy-based shadowed sets: A novel three-way approximation of fuzzy sets. Int J Approx Reason 120:102\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijar.2020.02.006","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"3","key":"6726_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2020.3042250","volume":"30","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Gao M, Zhao F, Wang G (2022) Fuzzy-entropy-based game theoretic shadowed sets: A novel game perspective from uncertainty. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 30(3):597\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TFUZZ.2020.3042250","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"6726_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.09.029","volume":"43","author":"S Mitra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitra S, Pedrycz W, Barman B (2010) Shadowed c-means: Integrating fuzzy and rough clustering. Pattern Recogn 43(4):1282\u20131291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.09.029","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"6726_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2023.109032","volume":"162","author":"Y Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao Y (2023) The dao of three-way decision and three-world thinking. Int J Approx Reason 162:109032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijar.2023.109032","journal-title":"Int J Approx Reason"},{"issue":"2","key":"6726_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/int.10015","volume":"17","author":"W Pedrycz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pedrycz W, Vukovich G (2002) Granular computing with shadowed sets. Int J Intell Syst 17(2):173\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/int.10015","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"key":"6726_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.06.062","volume":"607","author":"X Yue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yue X, Liu S, Qian Q, Miao D, Gao C (2022) Semi-supervised shadowed sets for three-way classification on partial labeled data. Inf Sci 607:1372\u20131390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2022.06.062","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"6726_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3397697","volume":"32","author":"J Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang J, Liu Z, Xia S, Wang G, Zhang Q, Li S, Xu T (2024) 3WC-GBNRS++: A novel three-way classifier with granular-ball neighborhood rough sets based on uncertainty. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 32(8):4376\u20134387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3397697","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"6726_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.08.006","volume":"91","author":"J Qi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qi J, Qian T, Wei L (2016) The connections between three-way and classical concept lattices. Knowl-Based Syst 91:143\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.08.006","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"6726_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.03.036","volume":"596","author":"X Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang X, Li Y, Li Q, Liu D, Li T (2022) Temporal-spatial three-way granular computing for dynamic text sentiment classification. Inf Sci 596:551\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2022.03.036","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6726_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.10.026","volume":"91","author":"H Futita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Futita H, Li T, Yao Y (2016) Advances in three-way decisions and granular computing. Knowl-Based Syst 91:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.10.026","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"6726_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20323","volume":"24","author":"W Pedrycz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pedrycz W (2009) From fuzzy sets to shadowed sets: Interpretation and computing. Int J Intell Syst 24(1):48\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/int.20323","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"6726_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2012.2236843","volume":"21","author":"H Tahayori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tahayori H, Sadeghian A, Pedrycz W (2013) Induction of shadowed sets based on the gradual grade of fuzziness. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 21(5):937\u2013949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TFUZZ.2012.2236843","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"22","key":"6726_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-020-04992-8","volume":"24","author":"MA Ibrahim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ibrahim MA, William-West TO, Kana AFD, Singh D (2020) Shadowed sets with higher approximation regions. Soft Comput 24(22):17009\u201317033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-020-04992-8","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"6726_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou ZH (2012) Ensemble methods: Foundations and algorithms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b12207","DOI":"10.1201\/b12207"},{"key":"6726_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fred ALN, Jain AK (2002) Data clustering using evidence accumulation. In: 2002 International Conference on Pattern Recognition (vol. 4). pp 276\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1047450","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1047450"},{"issue":"8","key":"6726_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11168","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3249207","volume":"35","author":"Y Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia Y, Tao S, Wang R, Wang Y (2024) Ensemble clustering via co-association matrix self-enhancement. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 35(8):11168\u201311179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3249207","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"6726_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.09.003","volume":"78","author":"P Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou P, Wang X, Du L, Li X (2022) Clustering ensemble via structured hypergraph learning. Inf Fusion 78:171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.09.003","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"issue":"5","key":"6726_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.11.012","volume":"43","author":"HG Ayad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ayad HG, Kamel MS (2010) On voting-based consensus of cluster ensembles. Pattern Recogn 43(5):1943\u20131953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.11.012","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"11","key":"6726_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.57","volume":"35","author":"E Elhamifar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elhamifar E, Vidal R (2013) Sparse subspace clustering: Algorithm, theory, and applications. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(11):2765\u20132781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.57","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"6726_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.04.078","volume":"357","author":"J Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou J, Zheng H, Pan L (2019) Ensemble clustering based on dense representation. Neurocomputing 357:66\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.04.078","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"3","key":"6726_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1109\/91.413225","volume":"3","author":"NR Pal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pal NR, Bezdek JC (1995) On cluster validity for the fuzzy c-means model. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 3(3):370\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/91.413225","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"6726_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-07821-w","volume":"27","author":"TO William-West","year":"2023","unstructured":"William-West TO, Ibrahim MA (2023) On shadowed set approximation methods. Soft Comput 27(8):4463\u20134482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-07821-w","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"6726_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.11.023","volume":"180","author":"Y Qian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qian Y, Liang J, Yao Y, Dang C (2010) MGRS: A multi-granulation rough set. Inf Sci 180(6):949\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2009.11.023","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6726_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bock H-H (2007) In: Brito P, Cucumel G, Bertrand P, Carvalho F (eds)\u00a0Clustering methods: A history of k-means algorithms.\u00a0pp 161\u2013172. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-73560-1_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73560-1_15"},{"issue":"5","key":"6726_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-020-01255-8","volume":"12","author":"X Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia X, Rao Y, Li W, Yang S, Yu H (2021) An automatic three-way clustering method based on sample similarity. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 12(5):1545\u20131556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-020-01255-8","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"6726_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908075","volume":"2","author":"L Hubert","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hubert L, Arabie P (1985) Comparing partitions. J Classif 2(1):19\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01908075","journal-title":"J Classif"},{"issue":"10","key":"6726_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.12.010","volume":"180","author":"S Garcia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garcia S, Fernandez A, Luengo J, Herrera F (2010) Advanced nonparametric tests for multiple comparisons in the design of experiments in computational intelligence and data mining: experimental analysis of power. Inf Sci 180(10):2044\u20132064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2009.12.010","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6726_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu B, Xie H, Chen J, Cai M, Futita H, Ding W (2025) SDHGCN: A heterogeneous graph convolutional neural network combined with shadowed set. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst\u00a033(3):881\u2013893. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10748414","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3494864"}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-025-06726-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10489-025-06726-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10489-025-06726-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:42:27Z","timestamp":1762530147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10489-025-06726-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-025-06726-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-669X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7497"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The use of data in this study is in line with scientific ethics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical and informed consent for data used"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"982"}}