{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T15:06:02Z","timestamp":1767452762317,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-006-9003-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,5]],"date-time":"2006-07-05T23:47:46Z","timestamp":1152143266000},"page":"93-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Legal Case-based Reasoning as Practical Reasoning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Bench-Capon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9003_CR1","unstructured":"Aleven, V. (1997). Teaching Case Based Argumentation Through an Example and Models. PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"key":"9003_CR2","volume-title":"Modeling Legal Argument","author":"K. D. Ashley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ashley K. D. (1990). Modeling Legal Argument. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"key":"9003_CR3","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (Jurix 2003)","author":"K. D. Ashley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ashley K. D., Br\u00fcninghaus S. (2003). A Predictive Role for Intermediate Legal Concepts. In Bourcier D. (eds), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (Jurix 2003). Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IOS Press, 153\u2013162"},{"key":"9003_CR4","unstructured":"Atkinson K., Bench-Capon, T. and McBurney, P. (2004a). Attacks on a Presumptive Argument Scheme in Multi-Agent Systems: Pre-Conditions in Terms of Beliefs and Desires. Technical Report ULCS-04-015, Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK"},{"key":"9003_CR5","unstructured":"Atkinson, K., Bench-Capon, T. and McBurney P. (2004b). Justifying Practical Reasoning. In Grasso, F., Reed, C., and Carenini, G. (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Computational Models of Natural Argument (CMNA 2004), 87-90. Valencia, Spain"},{"key":"9003_CR6","unstructured":"Atkinson, K., Bench-Capon, T. and McBurney, P. (2005a). Persuasive Political Argument. In Grasso, F., Reed, C. and Kibble, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Computational Models of Natural Argument (CMNA 2005), 44\u201351, Edinburgh, Scotland"},{"key":"9003_CR7","unstructured":"Atkinson, K., Bench-Capon, T. and Modgil, S. (2005b). Value Added: Processing Information with Argumentation. Technical Report ULCS-05-004, Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK"},{"key":"9003_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T. (1989). Deep Models, Normative Reasoning and Legal Expert Systems. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 1989), 37\u201345. ACM Press: New York, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/74014.74020"},{"key":"9003_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T. (1991a). Knowledge Based Systems Applied to Law: A Framework for Discussion. Knowledge Based Systems and Legal Applications: 329\u2013342","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-086441-6.50024-6"},{"key":"9003_CR10","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T. (1991b). Practical Legal Expert Systems: The Relation Between a Formalisation of Law and Expert Knowledge, 191\u2013201. Ablex"},{"key":"9003_CR11","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T. (2002a). Representation of Case Law as an Argumentation Framework. In Bench-Capon, T., Daskalopoulu, A. and Winkels, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (Jurix 2002), 103\u2013112. IOS Press: Amsterdam"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"9003_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019501830692","volume":"10","author":"T. Bench-Capon","year":"2002b","unstructured":"Bench-Capon T. (2002b). The Missing Link Revisited: The Role of Teleology in Representing Legal Argument. Artificial Intelligence and Law 10(1\u20133):79\u201394","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"9003_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/13.3.429","volume":"13","author":"T. Bench-Capon","year":"2003a","unstructured":"Bench-Capon T. (2003a) Persuasion in Practical Argument Using Value Based Argumentation Frameworks. Journal of Logic and Computation 13(3):429\u201348","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"issue":"4","key":"9003_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ARTI.0000045997.45038.8f","volume":"11","author":"T. Bench-Capon","year":"2003b","unstructured":"Bench-Capon T. (2003b) Try to See it My Way: Modelling Persuasion in Legal Discourse. Artificial Intelligence and Law 11(4):271\u2013287","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"9003_CR15","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (Jurix 2001)","author":"T. Bench-Capon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bench-Capon T., Rissland E. (2001). Back to the Future: Dimensions Revisited. In Verheij B., Lodder A., Loui R., Muntjewerff A. (eds), Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (Jurix 2001). Amsterdman, The Netherlands, IOS Press, pp. 41\u201352"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9003_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(03)00108-5","volume":"150","author":"T. Bench-Capon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bench-Capon T., Sartor G. (2003). A Model of Legal Reasoning with Cases Incorporating Theories and Values. Artificial Intelligence 150(1\u20132):97\u2013143","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"9003_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T. and Stainford, G. (1995) PLAID: Proactive Legal Assistance. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 1995), 81-88. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/222092.222142"},{"key":"9003_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berman, D. H. and Hafner, C. D. (1993). Representing Teleological Structure in Case-Based Legal Reasoning: The Missing Link. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 1993), 50-59. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/158976.158982"},{"key":"9003_CR19","unstructured":"Branting, K. L. (2003). An Agenda for Empirical Research in AI and Law. In Working Papers of the ICAIL\u201903 Workshop on Evaluation of Legal Reasoning and Problem-Solving Systems, 28\u201335. Edinburgh, UK"},{"key":"9003_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breuker, J. and den Haan, N. (1991). Separating World and Regulation Knowledge, Where is the Logic? In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 1991), 92\u201397. ACM Press: New York, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/112646.112658"},{"key":"9003_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00fcninghaus, S. and Ashley, K. D. (2003) Predicting Outcomes of Case-Based Legal Arguments. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 2003), 233\u2013242. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/1047788.1047838"},{"key":"9003_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00041-X","volume":"77","author":"P. M. Dung","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dung P. M. (1995). On the Acceptability of Arguments and its Fundamental Role in Nonmono-tonic Reasoning, Logic Programming and n-Person Games. Artificial Intelligence 77:321\u2013357","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"9003_CR23","unstructured":"Gardner, A. (1987). An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Legal Reasoning"},{"key":"9003_CR24","unstructured":"Georgeff, M. P. and Lansky, A. L. (1987). Reactive Reasoning and Planning. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87), 677\u2013682. Seattle, WA"},{"key":"9003_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood, K., Bench-Capon, T. and McBurney, P. (2003). Towards a Computational Account of Persuasion in Law. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 2003), 22\u201331. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/1047788.1047792"},{"key":"9003_CR26","volume-title":"The Concept of Law","author":"H. L. A. Hart","year":"1961","unstructured":"Hart H. L. A. (1961). The Concept of Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK"},{"issue":"2","key":"9003_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9337.2004.00263.x","volume":"17","author":"L. Lindahl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindahl L. (2004). Deduction and Justification in the Law the Role of Legal Terms and Concepts. Ratio Juris 17(2):182\u2013202","journal-title":"Ratio Juris"},{"key":"9003_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindahl, L. and Odelstad, J. (2004). Normative Positions within an Algebraic Approach to Normative Systems. Journal of Applied Logic 17(2): 2005 To appear","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jal.2004.01.004"},{"key":"9003_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lutomski, L. S. (1989). The Design of an Attorney\u2019s Statistical Consultant. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 1989), 224\u2013233. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/74014.74043"},{"key":"9003_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall, C. C. (1989). Representing the Structure of a Legal Argument. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 1989), 121\u2013127. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/74014.74031"},{"key":"9003_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarty, L. T. (1995). An Implementation of Eisner v Macomber. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 1995), 276\u2013286. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA","DOI":"10.1145\/222092.222258"},{"key":"9003_CR32","unstructured":"McCarty, L. T. and Sridharan, M. S. (1982). A Computational Theory of Legal Argument. Technical Report LRP-TR-13, Computer Science Department, Rutgers University"},{"key":"9003_CR33","volume-title":"Social Security Case Law: Digest of Commissioner\u2019s Decisions","author":"D. Neligan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Neligan D. (1979). Social Security Case Law: Digest of Commissioner\u2019s Decisions. HMSO, London"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"9003_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019536206548","volume":"10","author":"H. Prakken","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prakken H. (2002) An Exercise in Formalising Teleological Case-Based Reasoning. Artificial Intelligence and Law 10(1\u20133):113\u2013133","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"9003_CR35","unstructured":"Prakken, H., Reed, C. and Walton, D. (2003). Argumentation Schemes and Generalizations in Reasoning About Evidence. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL 2003), 32\u201341. ACM Press: New York, NY, USA"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"9003_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00118496","volume":"4","author":"H. Prakken","year":"1996","unstructured":"Prakken H., Sartor G. (1996). A Dialectical Model of Assessing Conflicting Arguments in Legal Reasoning. Artificial Intelligence and Law 4(3-4):331\u2013368","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"9003_CR37","unstructured":"Ross, A. (1951). Tu-tu. In Borum, O. and Illum, K. (eds.), Festskrift til Henry Ussing. Kobenhavn Juristforbundet"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"9003_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019589831118","volume":"10","author":"G. Sartor","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sartor G. (2002). Teleological Arguments and Theory Based Dialectics. Artificial Intelligence and Law 10(1\u20133):95\u2013112","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"9003_CR39","volume-title":"The Uses of Argument","author":"S. Toulmin","year":"1958","unstructured":"Toulmin S. (1958). The Uses of Argument. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK"},{"key":"9003_CR40","volume-title":"The American Senator","author":"A. Trollope","year":"1986","unstructured":"Trollope A. (1986). The American Senator. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK"},{"key":"9003_CR41","volume-title":"Legal Knowledge Engineering: A Modelling Approach","author":"A. Valente","year":"1995","unstructured":"Valente A. (1995). Legal Knowledge Engineering: A Modelling Approach. IOS Press, Amsterdam"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9003_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ARTI.0000046008.49443.36","volume":"11","author":"B. Verheij","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verheij B. (2003). Dialectical Argumentation with Argumentation Schemes: An Approach to Legal Logic. Artificial Intelligence and Law 11(2\u20133):167\u2013195","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"9003_CR43","volume-title":"Argument Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning","author":"D. N. Walton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Walton D. N. (1996). Argument Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, USA"},{"key":"9003_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5804.001.0001","volume-title":"Reasoning About Rational Agents","author":"M. J. Wooldridge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wooldridge M. J. (2000). Reasoning About Rational Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence and Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-006-9003-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10506-006-9003-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-006-9003-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T19:33:59Z","timestamp":1736451239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10506-006-9003-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-006-9003-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-8463"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8382"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}}}