{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:19:10Z","timestamp":1784236750624,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-010-9092-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]],"date-time":"2010-07-26T07:51:50Z","timestamp":1280130710000},"page":"123-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["A hybrid formal theory of arguments, stories and criminal evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Floris J.","family":"Bex","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"van Koppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Prakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Verheij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"9092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610585","volume-title":"Analysis of evidence","author":"TJ Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson TJ, Schum DA, Twining WL (2005) Analysis of evidence, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","edition":"2"},{"key":"9092_CR2","volume-title":"Reconstructing reality in the courtroom: justice and judgment in american culture","author":"WL Bennett","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bennett WL, Feldman MS (1981) Reconstructing reality in the courtroom: justice and judgment in american culture. Methuen\u2013Tavistock, London"},{"key":"9092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bex FJ (2009) Evidence for a good story: a hybrid theory of arguments, stories and criminal evidence. Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Law, University of Groningen","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0140-3_4"},{"key":"9092_CR4","volume-title":"Reizen met Mijn Rechter. Psychologie van het Recht, 935\u2013952","author":"FJ Bex","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bex FJ, Verheij B (2010) Het onderbouwen van een feitelijk oordeel in een strafzaak (Supporting a factual judgment in a criminal case). In: Van Koppen PJ, Merckelbach H, Jelicic M, De Keijser JW (eds) Reizen met Mijn Rechter. Psychologie van het Recht, 935\u2013952. Kluwer, Deventer"},{"key":"9092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ARTI.0000046007.11806.9a","volume":"11","author":"FJ Bex","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bex FJ, Prakken H, Reed C, Walton DN (2003) Towards a formal account of reasoning about evidence: argumentation schemes and generalisations. Artif Intell Law 11:125\u2013165","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"key":"9092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/lpr\/mgm007","volume":"6","author":"FJ Bex","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bex FJ, Braak SW, van den Oostendorp H, van Prakken H, Verheij B, Vreeswijk G (2007a) Sense\u2013making software for crime investigation: how to combine stories and arguments? Law Probab Risk 6:145\u2013168","journal-title":"Law Probab Risk"},{"key":"9092_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bex FJ, Prakken H, Verheij B (2007b) Formalising argumentative story\u2013based analysis of evidence. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on artificial intelligence and law, 1\u201310, ACM Press, New York (New York)","DOI":"10.1145\/1276318.1276320"},{"key":"9092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-009-9074-z","volume":"17","author":"FJ Bex","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bex FJ, Bench-Capon TJM, Atkinson KD (2009) Did he jump or was he pushed? Abductive practical reasoning. Artif Intell Law 17:79\u201399","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"key":"9092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(97)00015-5","volume":"93","author":"A Bondarenko","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bondarenko A, Dung PM, Kowalski RA, Toni F (1997) An abstract, argumentation\u2013theoretic approach to default reasoning. Artif Intell 93:63\u2013101","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"9092_CR10","volume-title":"Legal knowledge and information systems. JURIX 2008: The 21st annual conference, 160\u2013169","author":"SW Braak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Braak SW, van den Oostendorp H, van Vreeswijk G, Prakken H (2008) Representing narrative and testimonial knowledge in sense\u2013making software for crime analysis. In: Francesconi E, Sartor G, Tiscornia D (eds) Legal knowledge and information systems. JURIX 2008: The 21st annual conference, 160\u2013169. IOS Press, Amsterdam"},{"key":"9092_CR11","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Logics in artificial intelligence, 10th European Conference, Jelia 2006. Lecture notes in computer science","author":"M Caminada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caminada M (2006) On the issue of reinstatement in argumentation. In: Fisher M, van der Hoek W, Konev B, Lisitsa A (eds) Logics in artificial intelligence, 10th European Conference, Jelia 2006. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4160. Springer, Berlin, pp 111\u2013123"},{"key":"9092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198244127.001.0001","volume-title":"The probable and the provable","author":"LJ Cohen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cohen LJ (1977) The probable and the provable. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"9092_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1991.tb00388.x","volume":"7","author":"L Console","year":"1991","unstructured":"Console L, Torasso P (1991) A spectrum of logical definitions of model\u2013based diagnosis. Comput Intell 7:133\u2013141","journal-title":"Comput Intell"},{"key":"9092_CR14","volume-title":"Rechercheportret\u2014over dillemma\u2019s in de opsporing","author":"CJ Poot de","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Poot CJ, Bokhorst RJ, Koppen PJ, van Muller ER (2004) Rechercheportret\u2014over dillemma\u2019s in de opsporing. Kluwer, Alphen a.d. Rijn (in Dutch)"},{"key":"9092_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00041-X","volume":"77","author":"PM Dung","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dung PM (1995) On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n\u2013person games. Artif Intell 77:321\u2013357","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"9092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/jigpal\/jzk014","volume":"14","author":"DM Gabbay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gabbay DM, Woods J (2006) Advice on abductive logic. Logic J IGPL 14:189\u2013219","journal-title":"Logic J IGPL"},{"key":"9092_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/lpr\/mgm026","volume":"6","author":"TF Gordon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gordon TF (2007) Visualizing Carneades argument graphs. Law Probab Risk 6:109\u2013117","journal-title":"Law Probab Risk"},{"key":"9092_CR18","volume-title":"Argumentation in artificial intelligence","author":"TF Gordon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gordon TF, Walton D (2009) Proof burdens and standards. In: Rahwan I, Simari G (eds) Argumentation in artificial intelligence. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"9092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00118493","volume":"4","author":"JC Hage","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hage JC (1996) A theory of legal reasoning and a logic to match. Artif Intell Law 4:199\u2013273","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"key":"9092_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/lpr\/mgm005","volume":"6","author":"AB Hepler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hepler AB, Dawid AP, Leucari V (2007) Object\u2013oriented graphical representations of complex patterns of evidence. Law Probab Risk 6:275\u2013293","journal-title":"Law Probab Risk"},{"key":"9092_CR21","unstructured":"Heuer RJ (1999) Psychology of intelligence analysis. Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency"},{"key":"9092_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1792-8_15","volume-title":"The dynamics of judicial proof\u2014computation, logic and common sense","author":"JR Josephson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Josephson JR (2002) On the proof dynamics of inference to the best explanation. In: MacCrimmon M, Tillers P (eds) The dynamics of judicial proof\u2014computation, logic and common sense. Physica, Berlin, pp 287\u2013306"},{"key":"9092_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2005.07.011","volume":"30","author":"J Keppens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keppens J, Sch\u00e4fer B (2006) Knowledge based crime scenario modelling. Expert Syst Appl 30:203\u2013222","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"9092_CR24","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Complex cases: perspectives on the Netherlands criminal justice system","author":"JF Nijboer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nijboer JF, Sennef A (1999) Justification. In: Nijboer JF, Malsch M (eds) Complex cases: perspectives on the Netherlands criminal justice system. Thela Thesis, Amsterdam, pp 11\u201326"},{"key":"9092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10982-007-9016-4","volume":"27","author":"MS Pardo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pardo MS, Allen RJ (2007) Juridical proof and the best explanation. Law Philos 27:223\u2013268 Springer","journal-title":"Law Philos"},{"key":"9092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(93)90038-W","volume":"49","author":"N Pennington","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pennington N, Hastie R (1993) Reasoning in explanation\u2013based decision making. Cognition 49:123\u2013163","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"9092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1887.001.0001","volume-title":"Cognitive carpentry: a blueprint for how to build a person","author":"JL Pollock","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pollock JL (1995) Cognitive carpentry: a blueprint for how to build a person. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"9092_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakken H (2010) An abstract framework for argumentation with structured arguments. Argument Comput 1, to appear","DOI":"10.1080\/19462160903564592"},{"key":"9092_CR29","unstructured":"Prakken H, Renooij S (2001) Reconstructing causal reasoning about evidence: a case study. In Verheij B, Lodder AR, Loui RP, Muntjewerff A (eds.) Legal knowledge and information systems. JURIX 2001: The 14th annual conference, 160\u2013169, IOS Press, Amsterdam"},{"key":"9092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/11663081.1997.10510900","volume":"7","author":"H Prakken","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prakken H, Sartor G (1997) Argument-based extended logic programming with defeasible priorities. J Appl Non\u2013classical Logics 7:25\u201375","journal-title":"J Appl Non\u2013classical Logics"},{"key":"9092_CR31","volume-title":"Legal evidence and proof: statistics, Stories, Logic","author":"H Prakken","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prakken H, Sartor G (2009) A logical analysis of burdens of proof. In: Kaptein H, Prakken H, Verheij B (eds) Legal evidence and proof: statistics, Stories, Logic. Ashgate, Aldershot"},{"key":"9092_CR32","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Handbook of philosophical logic","author":"H Prakken","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prakken H, Vreeswijk G (2002) Logics for defeasible argumentation. In: Gabbay D, Guenthner F (eds) Handbook of philosophical logic. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 219\u2013318"},{"key":"9092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218213004001922","volume":"13","author":"CA Reed","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reed CA, Rowe CWA (2004) Araucaria: software for argument diagramming, analysis and representation. Int J AI Tools 13:961\u2013980","journal-title":"Int J AI Tools"},{"key":"9092_CR34","volume-title":"Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures","author":"RC Schank","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schank RC, Abelson RP (1977) Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale"},{"key":"9092_CR35","volume-title":"The evidential foundations of probabilistic reasoning","author":"DA Schum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schum DA (1994) The evidential foundations of probabilistic reasoning. Northwestern University Press, Evanston"},{"key":"9092_CR36","first-page":"511","volume":"71","author":"D Simon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Simon D (2001) A third view of the black box: cognitive coherence in legal decision making. Univ Chicago Law Rev 71:511\u2013586","journal-title":"Univ Chicago Law Rev"},{"key":"9092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510490279861","volume":"18","author":"P Thagard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thagard P (2004) Causal inference in legal decision making: explanatory coherence vs. Bayesian networks. Appl Artif Intell 18:231\u2013249","journal-title":"Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"9092_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10670-005-4004-2","volume":"63","author":"P Thagard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thagard P (2005) Testimony, credibility, and explanatory coherence. Erkenntnis 63:295\u2013316","journal-title":"Erkenntnis"},{"key":"9092_CR39","volume-title":"Logic and scientific methods","author":"P Thagard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thagard P, Shelley CP (1997) Abductive reasoning: logic, visual thinking, and coherence. In: Chiara MLD (ed) Logic and scientific methods. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht"},{"key":"9092_CR40","volume-title":"Gerechtigkeitswissenschaft, Kolloquium aus Anlass des 70. Geburtstages von Lothar Philipps","author":"P Tillers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tillers P (2005) Picturing inference. In: Sch\u00fcnemann B, Tinnefeld M-T, Wittmann R (eds) Gerechtigkeitswissenschaft, Kolloquium aus Anlass des 70. Geburtstages von Lothar Philipps. Berliner Wissenschafts, Berlin"},{"key":"9092_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511840005","volume-title":"The uses of argument, updated edition (originally published in 1958)","author":"SE Toulmin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Toulmin SE (2003) The uses of argument, updated edition (originally published in 1958). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"9092_CR42","unstructured":"van den Braak SW (2010) Sensemaking software for crime analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University"},{"key":"9092_CR43","unstructured":"Verheij B (1996) Two approaches to dialectical argumentation: admissible sets and argumentation stages. In Meyer J-JC, van der Gaag LC (eds.) In: Proceedings of the 8th Dutch conference on artificial intelligence (NAIC-96), pp\u00a0357\u2013368"},{"key":"9092_CR44","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Rationality, information and progress in law and psychology. Liber Amicorum Hans F. Crombag","author":"B Verheij","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verheij B (2000) Anchored narratives and dialectical argumentation. In: Van Koppen PJ, Roos N (eds) Rationality, information and progress in law and psychology. Liber Amicorum Hans F. Crombag. Metajuridica Publications, Maastricht, pp 203\u2013226"},{"issue":"3","key":"9092_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/13.3.319","volume":"13","author":"B Verheij","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verheij B (2003) DefLog: on the logical interpretation of prima facie justified assumptions. J Logic Comput 13(3):319\u2013346","journal-title":"J Logic Comput"},{"key":"9092_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-6704-661-9","volume-title":"Virtual arguments: on the design of argument assistants for lawyers and other arguers","author":"B Verheij","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verheij B (2005) Virtual arguments: on the design of argument assistants for lawyers and other arguers. T.M.C. Asser Press, Den Haag"},{"key":"9092_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(96)00041-0","volume":"90","author":"G Vreeswijk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vreeswijk G (1997) Abstract argumentation systems. Artif Intell 90:225\u2013279","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"9092_CR48","volume-title":"Anchored narratives: the psychology of criminal evidence","author":"WA Wagenaar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wagenaar WA, Koppen PJ, van Crombag HFM (1993) Anchored narratives: the psychology of criminal evidence. St. Martin\u2019s Press, New York"},{"key":"9092_CR49","volume-title":"Legal argumentation and evidence","author":"DN Walton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walton DN (2002) Legal argumentation and evidence. Penn. State University Press, University Park"},{"key":"9092_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802034","volume-title":"Argumentation schemes","author":"DN Walton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walton DN, Reed CA, Macagno F (2008) Argumentation schemes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"9092_CR51","volume-title":"The principles of judicial proof or the process of proof as given by logic, psychology, and general experience, and illustrated in judicial trials","author":"JH Wigmore","year":"1931","unstructured":"Wigmore JH (1931) The principles of judicial proof or the process of proof as given by logic, psychology, and general experience, and illustrated in judicial trials, 2nd edn. Little Brown and Company, Boston","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence and Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-010-9092-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10506-010-9092-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-010-9092-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T14:48:53Z","timestamp":1591541333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10506-010-9092-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-010-9092-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-8463","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}