{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:08:21Z","timestamp":1767665301805,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["690974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["690974"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-019-09252-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T20:06:21Z","timestamp":1560456381000},"page":"207-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Taking stock of legal ontologies: a feature-based comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Leone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Di Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Villata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9252_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Athan T, Governatori G, Palmirani M, Paschke A, Wyner A (2015) Legalruleml: design principles and foundations. In: Reasoning web international summer school. Springer, Berlin, pp 151\u2013188","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21768-0_6"},{"key":"9252_CR2","unstructured":"Bartolini C, Muthuri R, Santos C (2015) Using ontologies to model data protection requirements in workflows. In: JSAI international symposium on artificial intelligence. Springer, Berlin, pp 233\u2013248"},{"key":"9252_CR3","unstructured":"Bartolini C, Giurgiu A, Lenzini G, Robaldo L (2016) Towards legal compliance by correlating standards and laws with a semi-automated methodology. In: Benelux conference on artificial intelligence. Springer, Berlin, pp 47\u201362"},{"key":"9252_CR4","unstructured":"Breuker J, Hoekstra R (2004) Epistemology and ontology in core ontologies: FOLaw and LRI-Core, two core ontologies for law. In: Proceedings of the EKAW04 workshop on core ontologies in ontology engineering. Northamptonshire, UK, pp 15\u201327"},{"key":"9252_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1497-7","volume-title":"Legal ontology engineering: methodologies, modelling trends, and the ontology of professional judicial knowledge","author":"N Casellas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Casellas N (2011) Legal ontology engineering: methodologies, modelling trends, and the ontology of professional judicial knowledge, vol 3. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"9252_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.04.009","volume":"130","author":"CM de Oliveira Rodrigues","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Oliveira Rodrigues CM, de Freitas FLG, Barreiros EFS, de Azevedo RR, de Almeida Filho AT (2019) Legal ontologies over time: a systematic mapping study. Expert Syst Appl 130:12\u201330","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"9252_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-140151","volume":"7","author":"I Distinto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Distinto I, d\u2019Aquin M, Motta E (2016) LOTED2: an ontology of european public procurement notices. Semant Web 7(3):267\u2013293","journal-title":"Semant Web"},{"key":"9252_CR15","unstructured":"ELI Task Force (2018) ELI implementation methodology: good practices and guidelines. Publications Office"},{"key":"9252_CR8","unstructured":"Gandon F, Governatori G, Villata S (2017) Normative requirements as linked data. In: The 30th international conference on legal knowledge and information systems (JURIX 2017)"},{"key":"9252_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gangemi A, Presutti V (2009) Ontology design patterns. In: Handbook on ontologies. Springer, Berlin, pp 221\u2013243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_10"},{"key":"9252_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gangemi A, Sagri M-T, Tiscornia D (2005) A constructive framework for legal ontologies. In: Law and the semantic web. Springer, Berlin, pp 97\u2013124","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32253-5_7"},{"key":"9252_CR11","unstructured":"Haapio H, Hagan M (2016) Design patterns for contracts. In: Networks. Proceedings of the 19th international legal informatics symposium IRIS, pp 381\u2013388"},{"key":"9252_CR12","unstructured":"Haapio H, Hagan M, Palmirani M, Rossi A (2018) Legal design patterns for privacy. In: Data protection\/LegalTech. Proceedings of the 21th international legal informatics symposium IRIS, pp 445\u2013450"},{"key":"9252_CR13","first-page":"43","volume":"321","author":"R Hoekstra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoekstra R, Breuker J, Di Bello M, Boer A et al (2007) The LKIF core ontology of basic legal concepts. LOAIT 321:43\u201363","journal-title":"LOAIT"},{"issue":"3","key":"9252_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-150195","volume":"7","author":"JF Mu\u00f1oz-Soro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Soro JF, Esteban G, Corcho O, Ser\u00f3n F (2016) PPROC, an ontology for transparency in public procurement. Semant Web 7(3):295\u2013309","journal-title":"Semant Web"},{"key":"9252_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oltramari A, Piraviperumal D, Schaub F, Wilson S, Cherivirala S, Norton TB, Russell NC, Story P, Reidenberg J, Sadeh N (2018) PrivOnto: a semantic framework for the analysis of privacy policies. Semant Web, (Preprint), pp 1\u201319","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-170283"},{"key":"9252_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmirani M, Governatori G, Rotolo A, Tabet S, Boley H, Paschke A (2011) Legalruleml: Xml-based rules and norms. In: Rule-based modeling and computing on the semantic web. Springer, Berlin, pp 298\u2013312","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24908-2_30"},{"key":"9252_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmirani M, Martoni M, Rossi A, Bartolini C, Robaldo L (2018) Pronto: privacy ontology for legal reasoning. In: International conference on electronic government and the information systems perspective. Springer, Berlin, pp 139\u2013152","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98349-3_11"},{"key":"9252_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandit HJ, Fatema K, O\u2019Sullivan D, Lewis D (2018) GDPRtEXT-GDPR as a linked data resource. In: European semantic web conference. Springer, Berlin, pp 481\u2013495","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93417-4_31"},{"issue":"8","key":"9252_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exx009","volume":"27","author":"L Robaldo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robaldo L, Sun X (2017) Reified input\/output logic: combining input\/output logic and reification to represent norms coming from existing legislation. J Log Comput 27(8):2471\u20132503","journal-title":"J Log Comput"},{"key":"9252_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steyskal S, Polleres A (2014) Defining expressive access policies for linked data using the ODRL ontology 2.0. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on semantic systems, ACM, pp 20\u201323","DOI":"10.1145\/2660517.2660530"},{"key":"9252_CR22","unstructured":"Valente A, Breuker J et al (1994) A functional ontology of law. Towards a global expert system in law, 112\u2013136"},{"key":"9252_CR23","unstructured":"van Kralingen R (1997) A conceptual frame-based ontology for the law. In: Proceedings of the first international workshop on legal ontologies, pp 6\u201317"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence and Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-019-09252-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10506-019-09252-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-019-09252-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T23:12:08Z","timestamp":1591917128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10506-019-09252-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-019-09252-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-8463"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8382"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}