{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T03:17:37Z","timestamp":1773717457984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TED2021-131295B-C33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TED2021-131295B-C33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-123673OB-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123673OB-C32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-023-09376-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T11:02:16Z","timestamp":1700478136000},"page":"1141-1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Automated legal reasoning with discretion to act using s(LAW)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4148-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4177-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Moreno-Rebato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6362-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Rodriguez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2483-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Ossowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"9376_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aravanis TI, Demiris K, Peppas P (2018) Legal Reasoning in Answer Set Programming. In: IEEE 30th International conference on tools with artificial intelligence, ICTAI 2018. IEEE, pp 302\u2013306, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTAI.2018.00055","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2018.00055"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9376_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068418000285","volume":"18","author":"J Arias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arias J, Carro M, Salazar E et al (2018) Constraint answer set programming without grounding. Theory Pract Logic Program 18(3\u20134):337\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1471068418000285","journal-title":"Theory Pract Logic Program"},{"key":"9376_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arias J, Carro M, Chen Z, et\u00a0al (2020) Justifications for goal-directed constraint answer set programming. In: Proceedings 36th international conference on logic programming (technical communications), EPTCS, vol 325. Open Publishing Association, pp 59\u201372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4204\/EPTCS.325.12","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.325.12"},{"key":"9376_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arias J, Moreno-Rebato M, Rodriguez-Garc\u00eda JA, et\u00a0al (2021) Modeling administrative discretion using goal-directed answer set programming. In: Advances in artificial intelligence, CAEPIA 20\/21. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 258\u2013267, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-85713-4_25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85713-4_25"},{"key":"9376_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bench-Capon T (2012) Open texture and argumentation: what makes an argument persuasive? In: Logic Programs, Norms and action: essays in Honor of Marek J. Sergot on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday. Springer, pp 220\u2013233, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-29414-3_12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29414-3_12"},{"key":"9376_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Billi M, Calegari R, Contissa G, et\u00a0al (2021) Argumentation and defeasible reasoning in the law. J, 4(4):897\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/j4040061","DOI":"10.3390\/j4040061"},{"issue":"1","key":"9376_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-017-9193-x","volume":"25","author":"L Branting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Branting L (2017) Data-centric and logic-based models for automated legal problem solving. Artif Intell Law 25(1):5\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-017-9193-x","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"9376_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068414000234","volume":"14","author":"P Cabalar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cabalar P, Fandinno J, Fink M (2014) Causal graph justifications of logic programs. Theory Pract Logic Program 14(4\u20135):603\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1471068414000234","journal-title":"Theory Pract Logic Program"},{"issue":"4","key":"9376_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1017\/lst.2019.9","volume":"39","author":"J Cobbe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cobbe J (2019) Administrative law and the machines of government: judicial review of automated public-sector decision-making. Leg Stud 39(4):636\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/lst.2019.9","journal-title":"Leg Stud"},{"key":"9376_CR10","unstructured":"Cosculluela\u00a0Montaner L (2021) Manual de Derecho Administrativo. Thomson Reuters Civitas pp 333\u2013ff. ISBN: 978-84-1125-550-9"},{"key":"9376_CR11","unstructured":"Garcia\u00a0de Enterr\u00eda E (1962) La lucha contra las inmunidades del poder en el derecho administrativo\". Revista de Administraci\u00f3n P\u00fablica 38:159\u2013208. http:\/\/www.cepc.gob.es\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-12\/222271962038159.pdf"},{"key":"9376_CR12","unstructured":"Garcia\u00a0de Enterr\u00eda E, Fern\u00e1ndez TR (2020) Curso de Derecho Administrativo. Civitas ISBN: 978-84-1125-553-0"},{"key":"9376_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1145\/116825.116838","volume":"38","author":"AV Gelder","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gelder AV, Ross K, Schlipf J (1991) The well-founded semantics for general logic programs. J ACM 38:620\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/116825.116838","journal-title":"J ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"9376_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01530762","volume":"12","author":"M Gelfond","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gelfond M (1994) Logic programming and reasoning with incomplete information. Ann Math Artif Intell 12(1):89\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01530762","journal-title":"Ann Math Artif Intell"},{"key":"9376_CR15","unstructured":"Gelfond M, Lifschitz V (1988) The stable model semantics for logic programming. In: 5th International conference on logic programming, pp 1070\u20131080, http:\/\/www.cse.unsw.edu.au\/~cs4415\/2010\/resources\/stable.pdf"},{"key":"9376_CR16","unstructured":"Genesereth M (2015) Computational Law. The cop in the backseat. Codex: The center for legal informatics, Stanford University"},{"key":"9376_CR17","unstructured":"Huber H (1953) Niedergang des Rechts und Krise des Rechtsstaat. Festgabe f\u00fcr Z Giacometti, Z\u00fcrich pp \u00a066"},{"key":"9376_CR18","unstructured":"Huergo\u00a0Lora A (2020) Una aproximaci\u00f3n a los algoritmos desde el Derecho Administrativo, La regulaci\u00f3n de los algoritmos. Aranzadi Thomson Reuters, ISBN: 978-84-1345-094-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"9376_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.53637\/WCGG2401","volume":"44","author":"A Huggins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huggins A (2021) Addressing disconnection: automated decision-making, administrative law and regulatory reform. UNSW Law J 44(3):1048\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53637\/WCGG2401","journal-title":"UNSW Law J"},{"key":"9376_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huttner L, Merigoux D (2022) Catala: moving towards the future of legal expert systems. Artificial intelligence and law pp 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-022-09328-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-022-09328-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"9376_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9337.2007.00374.x","volume":"20","author":"R Kannai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kannai R, Schild U, Zeleznikow J (2007) Modeling the evolution of legal discretion. an artificial intelligence approach. Ratio Juris 20(4):530\u2013558","journal-title":"Ratio Juris"},{"key":"9376_CR22","unstructured":"Kowalski RA (2021) Logical English = Logic + English + Compupting. https:\/\/utdallas.app.box.com\/s\/ngsyloscj5sk24uh3axexxz451o74z0u, HackReason Opening Ceremony. Last accessed September 2023"},{"key":"9376_CR23","unstructured":"Licato J (2021) How Should AI Interpret Rules? A Defense of Minimally Defeasible Interpretive Argumentation. arXiv https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2110.13341.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"9376_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-015-9172-z","volume":"23","author":"D Liebwald","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liebwald D (2015) On transparent law, good legislation and accessibility to legal information: towards an integrated legal information system. Artif Intell Law 23(3):301\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-015-9172-z","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"key":"9376_CR25","unstructured":"Lim HK, Mahajan A, Strecker M, et\u00a0al (2022) Automating defeasible reasoning in law with answer set programming. In: Proceedings of the international conference on logic programming 2022 Workshops (ICLP 2022), vol 3193. CEUR-WS.org, https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-3193\/paper3GDE.pdf"},{"key":"9376_CR26","unstructured":"Marple K, Salazar E, Gupta G (2017) Computing stable models of normal logic programs without grounding. arXiv:1709.00501"},{"key":"9376_CR27","unstructured":"Cerrillo\u00a0i Mart\u00ednez A (2020) \u00bfSon fiables las decisiones de las Administraciones p\u00fablicas adoptadas por algoritmos? European review of digital administration & law 1(1):18\u201336"},{"key":"9376_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merigoux D, Chataing N, Protzenko J (2021) Catala: a programming language for the law. Proceedings of the ACM on programming languages 5(ICFP):1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3473582","DOI":"10.1145\/3473582"},{"key":"9376_CR29","unstructured":"Moreno\u00a0Rebato M (2021) Inteligencia artificial (Umbrales \u00e9ticos, Derecho y Administraciones p\u00fablicas), Thomson Reuters, Aranzadi, pp 120\u2013ff. ISBN: 978-84-1391-029-1"},{"key":"9376_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morris J (2021) Constraint answer set programming as a tool to improve legislative drafting: a rules as code experiment. In: ICAIL \u201921: Eighteenth International conference for artificial intelligence and law. ACM, pp 262\u2013263, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3462757.3466084","DOI":"10.1145\/3462757.3466084"},{"issue":"105","key":"9376_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2022.105772","volume":"48","author":"A Mowbray","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mowbray A, Chung P, Greenleaf G (2023) Representing legislative rules as code: reducing the problems of scaling up. Comput Law Secur Rev 48(105):772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clsr.2022.105772","journal-title":"Comput Law Secur Rev"},{"key":"9376_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Otenyo E (2016) Administrative Discretion. In: Farazmand A (ed) Global encyclopedia of public administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-31816-5_955-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31816-5_955-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"9376_CR33","first-page":"29","volume":"91","author":"M Perry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perry M (2017) iDecide: Administrative decision-making in the digital world. Aust Law J 91(1):29","journal-title":"Aust Law J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9376_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068408003633","volume":"9","author":"E Pontelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pontelli E, Son TC, El-Khatib O (2009) Justifications for logic programs under answer set semantics. Theory Pract Logic Program 9(1):1\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1471068408003633","journal-title":"Theory Pract Logic Program"},{"key":"9376_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Purnell K, Schwitter R (2022) User-defined smart contracts using answer set programming. In: AI 2021: Advances in Artificial Intelligence\u201434th Australasian joint conference, AI 2021, vol 13151. Springer, pp 291\u2013303, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-97546-3_24","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-97546-3_24"},{"issue":"3","key":"9376_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2016.1156952","volume":"30","author":"S Ramakrishna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramakrishna S, G\u00f3rski \u0141, Paschke A (2016) A dialogue between a lawyer and computer scientist: the evaluation of knowledge transformation from legal text to computer-readable format. Appl Artif Intell 30(3):216\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08839514.2016.1156952","journal-title":"Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"9376_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888906000701","volume":"20","author":"EL Rissland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rissland EL, Ashley KD, Branting LK (2005) Case-based reasoning and law. Knowl Eng Rev 20(3):293\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0269888906000701","journal-title":"Knowl Eng Rev"},{"key":"9376_CR38","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda JA, Moreno-Rebato M (2018) \u00a1El futuro ya est\u00e1 aqu\u00ed! Derecho e inteligencia artificial. Revista Aranzadi de Derecho y nuevas tecnolog\u00edas 48. ISSN: 1696-0351"},{"key":"9376_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schild UJ, Zeleznikow J (2005) A taxonomy for modelling discretionary decision making in the legal domain. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on artificial intelligence and law, pp 60\u201364, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1165485.1165495","DOI":"10.1145\/1165485.1165495"},{"issue":"1","key":"9376_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068414000702","volume":"16","author":"C Schulz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schulz C, Toni F (2016) Justifying answer sets using argumentation. Theory Pract Logic Program 16(1):59\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1471068414000702","journal-title":"Theory Pract Logic Program"},{"issue":"5","key":"9376_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1145\/5689.5920","volume":"29","author":"MJ Sergot","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sergot MJ, Sadri F, Kowalski RA et al (1986) The british nationality act as a logic program. Commun ACM 29(5):370\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/5689.5920","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"9376_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sourdin T (2021) Judges, technology and artificial intelligence: The artificial judge, Edward elgar publishing limited, pp 228\u2013ff. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/9781788978262","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788978262"},{"issue":"1","key":"9376_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-020-09269-x","volume":"29","author":"M Suksi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suksi M (2021) Administrative due process when using automated decision-making in public administration: some notes from a finnish perspective. Artif Intell Law 29(1):87\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-020-09269-x","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"key":"9376_CR44","unstructured":"Susskind R (2017) Tomorrow\u2019s Lawyers: An introduction to your future, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, ISBN: 978-01-9879-663-3"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9376_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068411000500","volume":"12","author":"T Swift","year":"2012","unstructured":"Swift T, Warren DS (2012) XSB: Extending prolog with tabled logic programming. Theory Pract Logic Program 12(1\u20132):157\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1471068411000500","journal-title":"Theory Pract Logic Program"},{"key":"9376_CR46","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez\u00a0Mor\u00f3n M (2021) Derecho Administrativo. Parte General. Tecnos pp 91\u2013ff. ISBN: 978-84-309-8529-6"},{"key":"9376_CR47","first-page":"368","volume":"56","author":"G Vestri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vestri G (2021) La inteligencia artificial ante el desaf\u00edo de la transparencia algor\u00edtmica: Una aproximaci\u00f3n desde la perspectiva jur\u00eddico-administrativa. Revista Aragonesa de Administraci\u00f3n P\u00fablica 56:368\u2013398","journal-title":"Revista Aragonesa de Administraci\u00f3n P\u00fablica"},{"key":"9376_CR48","unstructured":"Wong MW (2020) Rules as code: Seven levels of digitisation. In: Research collection Yong Pung how school of law. CCLAW-SMU, https:\/\/ink.library.smu.edu.sg\/sol_research\/3093\/"},{"issue":"103","key":"9376_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2022.103746","volume":"142","author":"YC Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou YC, Zheng Z, Lin JR et al (2022) Integrating NLP and context-free grammar for complex rule interpretation towards automated compliance checking. Comput Ind 142(103):746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2022.103746","journal-title":"Comput Ind"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence and Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-023-09376-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10506-023-09376-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10506-023-09376-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T12:13:02Z","timestamp":1729685582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10506-023-09376-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-023-09376-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-8463","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}