{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:35:29Z","timestamp":1783384529808,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autom Softw Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-021-00312-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T10:02:31Z","timestamp":1640772151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["RCM-extractor: an automated NLP-based approach for extracting a semi formal representation model from natural language requirements"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Aya","family":"Zaki-Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Osama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelrazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Grundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bitsch, F.: Safety patterns\u2014the key to formal specification of safety requirements. In: International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, pp. 176\u2013189. Springer (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45416-0_18"},{"key":"312_CR2","unstructured":"Brunello, A., Montanari, A., Reynolds, M.: Synthesis of ltl formulas from natural language texts: State of the art and research directions. In: 26th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2019). Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2019)"},{"key":"312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buzhinsky, I.: Formalization of natural language requirements into temporal logics: a survey. In: 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), vol.\u00a01, pp. 400\u2013406. IEEE (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN41052.2019.8972130"},{"key":"312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buzhinsky, I.: Formalization of natural language requirements into temporal logics: a survey pp. 400\u2013406 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN41052.2019.8972130"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5815\/ijmecs.2018.01.06","volume":"11","author":"B Das","year":"2018","unstructured":"Das, B., Majumder, M., Phadikar, S.: A novel system for generating simple sentences from complex and compound sentences. Int. J. Modern Educ. Comput. Sci. 11(1), 57 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Modern Educ. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dick, J., Hull, E., Jackson, K.: Requirements engineering. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61073-3"},{"key":"312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari, A., Spagnolo, G.O., Gnesi, S.: Pure: A dataset of public requirements documents. In: 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), pp. 502\u2013505. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2017.29"},{"key":"312_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fifarek, A.W., Wagner, L.G., Hoffman, J.A., Rodes, B.D., Aiello, M.A., Davis, J.A.: Spear v2. 0: Formalized past ltl specification and analysis of requirements. In: NASA Formal Methods Symposium, pp. 420\u2013426. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57288-8_30"},{"key":"312_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, R., Bao, X., Zhao, T.: Generic safety requirements description templates for the embedded software. In: 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), pp. 1477\u20131481. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSN.2017.8230353"},{"key":"312_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Elenius, D., Li, W., Lincoln, P., Shankar, N., Steiner, W.: Arsenal: automatic requirements specification extraction from natural language. In: NASA Formal Methods Symposium, pp. 41\u201346. Springer (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40648-0_4"},{"key":"312_CR11","unstructured":"Houdek, F.: System requirements specification automotive system cluster(elc and acc). Technical University of Munich (2013)"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1515\/zaa-2005-0209","volume":"53","author":"R Huddleston","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huddleston, R., Pullum, G.: The cambridge grammar of the english language. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Anglistik und Amerikanistik 53(2), 193\u2013194 (2005)","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Anglistik und Amerikanistik"},{"key":"312_CR13","unstructured":"Jeannet, B., Gaucher, F.: Debugging embedded systems requirements with stimulus: an automotive case-study (2016)"},{"key":"312_CR14","unstructured":"Justice, B.: Natural language specifications for safety-critical systems. Master\u2019s thesis, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t (2013)"},{"key":"312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamp, H.: A theory of truth and semantic representation. Formal semantics-the essential readings, pp. 189\u2013222 (1981)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470758335.ch8"},{"key":"312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konrad, S., Cheng, B.H.: Real-time specification patterns. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Software engineering, pp. 372\u2013381. ACM (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062526"},{"key":"312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leech, G., Deuchar, M., Hoogenraad, R.: English Grammar for Today. Palgrave Macmillan UK (1982). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-349-16878-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-16878-1"},{"key":"312_CR18","unstructured":"L\u00facio, L., Rahman, S., Bin Abid, S., Mavin, A.: Ears-ctrl: Generating controllers for dummies. In: MODELS (Satellite Events), pp. 566\u2013570 (2017)"},{"key":"312_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00facio, L., Rahman, S., Cheng, C.H., Mavin, A.: Just formal enough? automated analysis of ears requirements. In: NASA Formal Methods Symposium, pp. 427\u2013434. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57288-8_31"},{"key":"312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marko, N., Leitner, A., Herbst, B., Wallner, A.: Combining xtext and oslc for integrated model-based requirements engineering. In: 2015 41st Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, pp. 143\u2013150. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAA.2015.11"},{"key":"312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavin, A., Wilkinson, P., Harwood, A., Novak, M.: Easy approach to requirements syntax (ears). In: Requirements Engineering Conference, 2009. RE\u201909. 17th IEEE International, pp. 317\u2013322. IEEE (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2009.9"},{"key":"312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelken, R., Francez, N.: Automatic translation of natural language system specifications into temporal logic. In: International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, pp. 360\u2013371. Springer (1996)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61474-5_83"},{"key":"312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osama, M., Zaki-Ismail, A., Abdelrazek, M., Grundy, J., Ibrahim, A.: Score-based automatic detection and resolution of syntactic ambiguity in natural language requirements. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME), pp. 651\u2013661. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME46990.2020.00067"},{"key":"312_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pohl, K., Rupp, C.: Requirements Engineering Fundamentals. Rocky Nook (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12578-2_20"},{"key":"312_CR25","unstructured":"R.\u00a0S.\u00a0Fuchs, N.E.: Attempto controlled english (ace). In: CLAW 96, First International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications. Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven (1996)"},{"key":"312_CR26","unstructured":"Sl\u00e1dekov\u00e1, V.: Methods used for requirements engineering. Master\u2019s thesis, Univerzity Komensk\u00e9ho (2007)"},{"key":"312_CR27","unstructured":"Sturla, G.: A two-phased approach for natural language parsing into formal logic. Ph. D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2017)"},{"key":"312_CR28","unstructured":"Teige, T., Bienm\u00fcller, T., Holberg, H.J.: Universal pattern: Formalization, testing, coverage, verification, and test case generation for safety-critical requirements. pp. 6\u20139. MBMV (2016)"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-011-0204-1","volume":"12","author":"J Thyssen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thyssen, J., Hummel, B.: Behavioral specification of reactive systems using stream-based i\/o tables. Softw. Syst. Model. 12(2), 265\u2013283 (2013)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, R., Cheng, C.H., Chai, Y.: Formal consistency checking over specifications in natural languages. In: 2015 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE), pp. 1677\u20131682. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.7873\/DATE.2015.0452"},{"key":"312_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaki-Ismail, A., Osama, M., Abdelrazek, M., Grundy, J., Ibrahim, A.: Corg: A component-oriented synthetic textual requirements generator. In: Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality: 27th International Working Conference, REFSQ 2021, Essen, Germany, April 12\u201315, (2021), Proceedings. Springer Nature","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-73128-1_4"},{"key":"312_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaki-Ismail, A., Osama, M., Abdelrazek, M., Grundy, J., Ibrahim, A.: Rcm: Requirement capturing model for automated requirements formalisation (2020)","DOI":"10.5220\/0010270401100121"},{"key":"312_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaki-Ismail, A., Osama, M., Abdelrazek, M., Grundy, J., Ibrahim, A.: Rcm-extractor: Automated extraction of a semi formal representation model from natural language requirements. In: MODELSWARD 2021-9th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development (2021)","DOI":"10.5220\/0010270602700277"},{"key":"312_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaki-Ismail, A., Osama, M., Abdelrazek, M., Grundy, J., Ibrahim, A.: Requirements formality levels analysis and transformation of formal notations into semi-formal and informal notations. In: SEKE (2021)","DOI":"10.18293\/SEKE2021-199"},{"key":"312_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Alhoshan, W., Ferrari, A., Letsholo, K.J., Ajagbe, M.A., Chioasca, E.V., Batista-Navarro, R.T.: Natural language processing (nlp) for requirements engineering: a systematic mapping study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.01099 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3444689"}],"container-title":["Automated Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10515-021-00312-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10515-021-00312-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10515-021-00312-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T22:09:41Z","timestamp":1674252581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10515-021-00312-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10515-021-00312-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-8910","1573-7535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-8910","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"10"}}