{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:30:50Z","timestamp":1778099450868,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lang Resources &amp; Evaluation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-011-9157-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T01:04:05Z","timestamp":1309827845000},"page":"263-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Introduction to the special issue on African Language Technology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Guy","family":"De Pauw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles-Maurice","family":"de Schryver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurette","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"9157_CR1","unstructured":"Abdillahi, N., Nocera, P., B\u00eachet, F., & Bonastre, J.-F. (2007). Information retrieval strategies for accessing African audio corpora. In H. Van hamme & R. van Son (Eds.), Proceedings of the eighth annual conference of the international speech communication association. Antwerp, Belgium: INTERSPEECH."},{"key":"9157_CR2","unstructured":"Adafre, S. F. (2005). Part of speech tagging for Amharic using conditional random fields. In Proceedings of the ACL workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages (pp. 47\u201354). Ann Arbor, Michigan: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"9157_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adegbola, T. (2009). Building capacities in human language technology for African languages. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 53\u201358).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564519"},{"key":"9157_CR4","unstructured":"Adegbola, T., Owolabi, K., & Odejobi, T. (2011). Localising for Yoruba: Experience, challenges and future direction. In Proceedings of conference on human language technology for development (pp. 7\u201310). Alexandria, Egypt: Bibliotheca Alexandrina."},{"key":"9157_CR5","unstructured":"Adugna, S., & Eisele, A. (2010). English\u2014Oromo machine translation: An experiment using a statistical approach. In Calzolari et\u00a0al. (2010)."},{"key":"9157_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/17.1.1","volume":"17","author":"N. Alemayehu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alemayehu, N., & Willett, P. (2002). Stemming of Amharic words for information retrieval. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 17, 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Literary and Linguistic Computing"},{"key":"9157_CR7","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Recent advances in natural language processing","author":"S. Amsalu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Amsalu, S., & Gibbon, D. (2005). Finite state morphology of Amharic. In N. Nicolov, K. Bontcheva, G. Angelova & R. Mitkov (Eds.), Recent advances in natural language processing (pp. 47\u201351). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company."},{"key":"9157_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anberbir, T., & Takara, T. (2009). Development of an Amharic text-to-speech system using cepstral method. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 46\u201352).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564517"},{"key":"9157_CR9","unstructured":"Argaw, A. A., & Asker, L. (2007). An Amharic stemmer: Reducing words to their citation forms. In Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on computational approaches to semitic languages: Common issues and resources (pp. 104\u2013110). Prague, Czech Republic: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"9157_CR10","unstructured":"Barnard, E., Davel, M., & van Huyssteen, G. (2010). Speech technology for information access: A South African case study. In Proceedings of the AAAI spring symposium on artificial intelligence for development (AI-D) (pp. 8\u201313). Palo Alto, USA: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence."},{"issue":"2","key":"9157_CR11","first-page":"66","volume":"17","author":"S. E. Bosch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bosch, S. E., Pretorius, L., & Fleisch, A. (2008). Experimental bootstrapping of morphological analysers for Nguni languages. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 17(2), 66\u201388.","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of African Studies"},{"key":"9157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/02572117.2005.10587247","volume":"25","author":"J. Brits","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brits, J., Pretorius, R., & van Huyssteen, G. (2006). Automatic lemmatisation in Setswana: Towards a prototype. South African Journal of African Languages, 25, 37\u201347.","journal-title":"South African Journal of African Languages"},{"key":"9157_CR13","unstructured":"Calzolari, N., Choukri, K., Maegaard, B., Mariani, J., Odijk, J., Piperidis, S., Rosner, M., & Tapias, D. (Eds.) (2010). Proceedings of the seventh conference on international language resources and evaluation (LREC\u201910). Valletta, Malta: European Language Resources Association (ELRA)."},{"key":"9157_CR14","unstructured":"Chege, K., Wagacha, P. W., De Pauw, G., Muchemi, L., & Ng\u2019ang\u2019a, W. (2010). Developing an open source spell checker for G\u0129k\u0169y\u0169. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2010) (pp. 31\u201335)."},{"key":"9157_CR15","unstructured":"De Pauw, G., de Schryver, G.-M., & Levin, L. (Eds.) (2009). Proceedings of the EACL 2009 workshop on language technologies for African languages (AfLaT 2009). Athens, Greece: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"9157_CR16","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Proceedings of text, speech and dialogue, ninth international conference, Vol. 4188\/2006 of lecture notes in computer science","author":"G. Pauw De","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Pauw, G., de Schryver, G.-M., & Wagacha, P. W. (2006). Data-driven part-of-speech tagging of Kiswahili. In P. Sojka, I. Kope\u010dek & K. Pala (Eds.), Proceedings of text, speech and dialogue, ninth international conference, (Vol. 4188\/2006 of lecture notes in computer science, pp. 197\u2013204). Berlin, Germany: Springer."},{"key":"9157_CR17","unstructured":"De Pauw, G., Groenewald, H., & de Schryver, G.-M. (Eds.) (2010a). Proceedings of the second workshop on African Language Technology (AfLaT 2010). Valetta, Malta: European Language Resources Association (ELRA)."},{"key":"9157_CR18","unstructured":"De Pauw, G., Maajabu, N., & Wagacha, P. W. (2010b). A knowledge-light approach to Luo machine translation and part-of-speech tagging. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2010) (pp. 15\u201320)."},{"key":"9157_CR19","unstructured":"de Schryver, G.-M. (2002). First steps in the finite-state morphological analysis of Northern Sotho. In AFRILEX 2002, Culture and dictionaries, programme & abstracts (pp. 22\u201323). Pretoria, South Africa: (SF)2 Press."},{"key":"9157_CR20","first-page":"226","volume":"17","author":"G. -M. Schryver de","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Schryver, G.-M., & De Pauw, G. (2007). Dictionary writing system (DWS) + corpus query package (CQP): The case of TshwaneLex. Lexikos, 17, 226\u2013246.","journal-title":"Lexikos"},{"issue":"4","key":"9157_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2989\/16073610209486311","volume":"20","author":"G. -M. Schryver de","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Schryver, G.-M., & Gauton, R. (2002). The Zulu locative prefix ku- revisited: A corpus-based approach. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 20(4), 201\u2013220.","journal-title":"Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies"},{"key":"9157_CR22","unstructured":"Dione, C. M. B., Kuhn, J., & Zarrie\u00df, S. (2010). Design and development of part-of-speech-tagging resources for Wolof. In Calzolari et\u00a0al. (2010)."},{"key":"9157_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faa\u00df, G., Heid, U., Taljard, E., & Prinsloo, D. (2009). Part-of-speech tagging of Northern Sotho: Disambiguating polysemous function words. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 37\u201342).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564516"},{"key":"9157_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkel, R., & Odejobi, O. A. (2009).A computational approach to Yoruba morphology. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 25\u201331).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564514"},{"key":"9157_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gamb\u00e4ck, B., Olsson, F., Argaw, A. A., & Asker, L. (2009). Methods for Amharic part-of-speech tagging. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 104\u2013111).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564527"},{"key":"9157_CR26","unstructured":"Gasser, M. (2010). Expanding the lexicon for a resource-poor language using a morphological analyzer and a web crawler. In Calzolari et\u00a0al. (2010)."},{"key":"9157_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groenewald, H. (2009). Using technology transfer to advance automatic lemmatisation for Setswana. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 32\u201337).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564515"},{"issue":"1","key":"9157_CR28","first-page":"87","volume":"1","author":"A. Hurskainen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hurskainen, A. (1992). A two-level computer formalism for the analysis of Bantu morphology. An application to Swahili. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 1(1), 87\u2013122.","journal-title":"An application to Swahili. Nordic Journal of African Studies"},{"key":"9157_CR29","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Proceedings of the eleventh EURALEX international congress","author":"D. Joffe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Joffe, D., & de Schryver, G.-M. (2004). TshwaneLex\u2014a state-of-the-art dictionary compilation program. In G. Williams & S. Vessier (Eds.), Proceedings of the eleventh EURALEX international congress (pp. 99\u2013104). Lorient, France: Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud."},{"key":"9157_CR30","unstructured":"Kituku, B., Wagacha, P., & De Pauw, G. (2011). A memory-based approach to K\u0129kamba named entity recognition. In Proceedings of conference on human language technology for development (pp. 106\u2013111). Alexandria, Egypt: Bibliotheca Alexandrina."},{"issue":"2","key":"9157_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/02572117.2005.10587252","volume":"25","author":"J. Louw","year":"2005","unstructured":"Louw, J., Davel, M., & Barnard, E. (2005). A general-purpose IsiZulu speech synthesiser. South African Journal of African Languages, 25(2), 92\u2013100.","journal-title":"South African Journal of African Languages"},{"key":"9157_CR32","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Strengthening the role of ICT in development, special topics in computing and ICT research","author":"L. Muchemi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muchemi, L. (2008). Towards full comprehension of Swahili natural language statements for database querying. In J. Aisbett, G. Gibbon, A. J. Rodrigues, J. K. Migga, R. Nath & G. R. Renardel (Eds.), Strengthening the role of ICT in development, special topics in computing and ICT research (pp. 50\u201358). Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers."},{"issue":"1","key":"9157_CR33","first-page":"85","volume":"1","author":"J. Muhirwe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muhirwe, J. (2007). Computational analysis of Kinyarwanda morphology: The morphological alternations. International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, 1(1), 85\u201392.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computing and ICT Research"},{"key":"9157_CR34","unstructured":"Ng\u2019ang\u2019a, W. (2005). Word sense disambiguation of Swahili (PhD Thesis). Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki."},{"key":"9157_CR35","unstructured":"Ng\u2019ang\u2019a, W. (2011). Swahili inflectional morphology for the grammatical framework. In Proceedings of conference on human language technology for development (pp. 100\u2013105). Alexandria, Egypt: Bibliotheca Alexandrina."},{"key":"9157_CR36","unstructured":"Odejobi, O. (2011). Design of a text markup system for Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 text-to-speech synthesis applications. In Proceedings of conference on human language technology for development (pp. 74\u201380). Alexandria, Egypt: Bibliotheca Alexandrina."},{"key":"9157_CR37","unstructured":"Oosthuizen, N., Puttkammer, M., & Schlemmer, M. (2010). Improving orthographic transcriptions of speech corpora. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2010) (pp. 55\u201358)."},{"key":"9157_CR38","unstructured":"Pala, K., Fellbaum, C., & Bosch, S. E. (2010). Lexical resources for noun compounds in Czech, English and Zulu. In Calzolari et\u00a0al. (2010)."},{"issue":"4","key":"9157_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.23919\/SAIEE.2009.8531857","volume":"100","author":"M. Peche","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peche, M., Davel, M., & Barnard, E. (2009). Development of a spoken language identification system for South African languages. SAIEE Africa Research Journal, 100(4), 97\u2013105.","journal-title":"SAIEE Africa Research Journal"},{"key":"9157_CR40","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Human language technologies as a challenge for computer science and linguistics: Proceedings of 3rd language and technology conference","author":"L. Pretorius","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pretorius, L., & Bosch, S. E. (2007). Containing overgeneration in Zulu computational morphology. In Z. Vetulani (Ed.) Human language technologies as a challenge for computer science and linguistics: Proceedings of 3rd language and technology conference (pp. 54\u201358). Pozna\u0144: Wydawnictwo Pozna\u0144skie."},{"key":"9157_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pretorius, L., & Bosch, S. E. (2009). Exploiting cross-linguistic similarities in Zulu and Xhosa computational morphology. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2009) (pp. 96\u2013103).","DOI":"10.3115\/1564508.1564526"},{"key":"9157_CR42","unstructured":"Roux, J. C., Scholtz, P., Klop, D., Povlsen, C., Jongejan, B., & Magnusdottir, A. (2010). Incorporating speech synthesis in the development of a mobile platform for e-learning. In Calzolari et\u00a0al. (2010)."},{"key":"9157_CR43","unstructured":"Shah, R., Lin, B., Gershman, A., & Frederking, R. (2010). SYNERGY: A named entity recognition system for resource-scarce languages such as Swahili using online machine translation. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2010) (pp. 21\u201326)."},{"key":"9157_CR44","unstructured":"Tachbelie, M., & Menzel, W. (2010). Capturing word-level dependencies in morpheme-based language modeling. In De Pauw et\u00a0al. (2010) (pp. 43\u201348)."},{"issue":"4","key":"9157_CR45","first-page":"428","volume":"15","author":"E. Taljard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taljard, E., & Bosch, S. E. (2006). A comparison of approaches to word class tagging: Disjunctively vs. conjunctively written Bantu languages. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 15(4), 428\u2013442.","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of African Studies"},{"key":"9157_CR46","unstructured":"Wagacha, P. W., De Pauw, G., & Getao, K. (2006a). Development of a corpus for G\u0129k\u0169y\u0169 using machine learning techniques. In J. C. Roux (Ed.) Proceedings of LREC workshop - Networking the development of language resources for African languages. Genoa, Italy: ELRA."},{"key":"9157_CR47","unstructured":"Wagacha, P. W., De Pauw, G., & Githinji, P. W. (2006b). A grapheme-based approach to accent restoration in G\u0129k\u0169y\u0169. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on language resources and evaluation (pp. 1937\u20131940). Genoa, Italy: ELRA."},{"key":"9157_CR48","unstructured":"Weldesellassie, S. (2003). Automatic categorization of Amharic news text: a machine learning approach (MSc Thesis). Addis Ababa, Ethopia: Addis Ababa University."}],"container-title":["Language Resources and Evaluation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-011-9157-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-011-9157-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-011-9157-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T18:40:22Z","timestamp":1560364822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10579-011-9157-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-011-9157-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-020X","type":"print"},{"value":"1574-0218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]}}}