{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:01:36Z","timestamp":1772096496133,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CABeRneT ANR-13-JS02-0009-01."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CABeRneT ANR-13-JS02-0009-01."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lang Resources & Evaluation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-017-9382-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T17:54:11Z","timestamp":1487181251000},"page":"571-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A French clinical corpus with comprehensive semantic annotations: development of the Medical Entity and Relation LIMSI annOtated Text corpus (MERLOT)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Campillos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Del\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Grouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Hamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Ligozat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"N\u00e9v\u00e9ol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"9382_CR1","first-page":"922","volume":"20","author":"D Albright","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albright, D., Lanfranchi, A., Fredriksen, A., Styler, W., Warner, C., Hwang, J., et al. (2013). Towards comprehensive syntactic and semantic annotations of the clinical narrative. JAMIA, 20(5), 922\u2013930.","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"key":"9382_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alex, B., Haddow, B., & Grover, C. (2007). Recognising nested named entities in biomedical text. In Proceedings of BioNLP 2007 workshop (pp. 65\u201372). ACL.","DOI":"10.3115\/1572392.1572404"},{"key":"9382_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258589","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altman, D. G. (1990). Practical statistics for medical research. Boca Raton: CRC Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9382_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-161","volume":"13","author":"M Bada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bada, M., Eckert, M., Evans, D., Garcia, K., Shipley, K., Sitnikov, D., et al. (2012). Concept annotation in the CRAFT corpus. BMC Bioinformatics, 13(1), 1.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"9382_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethard, S., Derczynski, L., Savova, G., Savova, G., Pustejovsky, J., & Verhagen, M. (2015). SemEval-2015 task 6: Clinical tempeval. In Proceedings of the international workshop on semantic evaluation (SemEval) (pp. 806\u2013814). ACL.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S15-2136"},{"key":"9382_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethard, S., Savova, G., Chen, W.-T., Derczynski, L., Pustejovsky, J., & Verhagen, M. (2016). SemEval-2016 task 12: Clinical tempeval. In Proceedings of SemEval Workshop (pp. 1052\u20131062). ACL.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S16-1165"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"9382_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D267","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh061","volume":"32","author":"O Bodenreider","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bodenreider, O. (2004). The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): Integrating biomedical terminology. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(suppl 1), D267\u2013D270.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"9382_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2003.11.002","volume":"36","author":"O Bodenreider","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bodenreider, O., & McCray, A. T. (2003). Exploring semantic groups through visual approaches. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 36(6), 414\u2013432.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"9382_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, K., & Demner-Fushman, D. (2014). Biomedical natural language processing. Natural Language Processing Series. John Benjamins.","DOI":"10.1075\/nlp.11"},{"key":"9382_CR10","unstructured":"Del\u00e9ger, L., Grouin, C., Ligozat, A.-L., Zweigenbaum, P., & N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A. (2014a). Annotation of specialized corpora using a comprehensive entity and relation scheme. In Proceedings of LREC 2014 Reikjavik, Iceland."},{"key":"9382_CR11","unstructured":"Del\u00e9ger, L., Grouin, C., & N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A. (2014b). Automatic content extraction for designing a french clinical corpus. In Proceedings of AMIA annual symposium Washington, DC: American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA)."},{"key":"9382_CR12","unstructured":"Del\u00e9ger, L., & N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A. (2014). Identification automatique de zones dans des documents pour la constitution d\u2019un corpus m\u00e9dical en fran\u00e7ais. In Traitement Automatique de la Langue Naturelle\u2013TALN (pp. 568\u2013573)."},{"key":"9382_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elhadad, N., Pradhan, S., Chapman, W., Manandhar, S., & Savova, G. (2015). SemEval-2015 task 14: Analysis of clinical text. In Proceedings of SemEval workshop. (pp. 303\u201310). ACL.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S15-2051"},{"key":"9382_CR14","unstructured":"Grishman, R., & Sundheim, B. (1996). Message Understanding Conference-6: A brief history. In Proceedings of the 16th COLING conference, vol. 1 (pp. 466\u2013471). Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"9382_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grouin, C., Lavergne, T., & N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A. (2014). Optimizing annotation efforts to build reliable annotated corpora for training statistical models. In LAW VIII\u2013the 8th linguistic annotation workshop, 2014 (pp. 54\u201358).","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-4907"},{"key":"9382_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2013.12.014","volume":"50","author":"C Grouin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grouin, C., & N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A. (2014). De-identification of clinical notes in French: Towards a protocol for reference corpus development. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 50, 151\u2013161.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"9382_CR17","unstructured":"Habert, B., Grabar, N., Jacquemart, P., & Zweigenbaum, P. (2001). Building a text corpus for representing the variety of medical language. In Proceedings Corpus Linguistics, Lancaster."},{"key":"9382_CR18","unstructured":"Hirohata, K., Okazaki, N., Ananiadou, S., & Ishizuka, M. (2008).Identifying sections in scientific abstracts using conditionalrandom fields. In Proceedings of the IJCNLP 2008."},{"key":"9382_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","volume":"22","author":"S Kullback","year":"1951","unstructured":"Kullback, S., & Leibler, R. A. (1951). On information and sufficiency. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22, 49\u201386.","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"9382_CR20","unstructured":"Lavergne, T., Capp\u00e9, O., & Yvon, F. (2010). Practical very large scale CRFs. In Proceedings of the 48th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (ACL) (pp. 504\u2013513). Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"9382_CR21","unstructured":"McCray, A.\u00a0T., Burgun, A., & Bodenreider, O. (2001). Aggregating UMLS semantic types for reducing conceptual complexity. In Proceedings of MedInfo, (vol.\u00a010, pp. 216\u201320)."},{"issue":"5","key":"9382_CR22","first-page":"536","volume":"17","author":"J Mork","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mork, J., Bodenreider, O., Demner-Fushman, D., Islamaj Do\u011fan, R., Lang, F., Lu, Z., et al. (2010). Extracting Rx information from clinical narrative. JAMIA, 17(5), 536\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"key":"9382_CR23","first-page":"523","volume":"41","author":"F Namer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Namer, F. (2004). Flemm: un analyseur flexionnel de fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 base de r\u00e8gles. Traitement Automatique des langues naturelles (TALN), 41, 523\u201347.","journal-title":"Traitement Automatique des langues naturelles (TALN)"},{"key":"9382_CR24","unstructured":"Neves, M., & Leser, U. (2012). A survey on annotation tools for the biomedical literature. Brief Bioinformatics, (pp. 523\u201347)."},{"key":"9382_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A., Kim, W., Wilbur, W., & Lu, Z. (2009). Exploring two biomedical text genres for disease recognition. In Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2009 BioNLP workshop (pp. 144\u201352). ACL.","DOI":"10.3115\/1572364.1572385"},{"key":"9382_CR26","unstructured":"Ogren, P., Savova, G., & Chute, C. (2008). Constructing evaluation corpora for automated clinical named entity recognition. In Proceedings of LREC 2008 Marrakech, Morocco."},{"key":"9382_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2015.06.016","volume":"56","author":"M Oronoz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oronoz, M., Gojenola, K., P\u00e9rez, A., de Ilarraza, A. D., & Casillas, A. (2015). On the creation of a clinical gold standard corpus in Spanish: Mining adverse drug reactions. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 56, 318\u2013332.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"9382_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradhan, S., Elhadad, N., Chapman, W., Manandhar, S., & Savova, G. (2014). SemEval-2014 task 7: Analysis of clinical text. In Proceedings of SemEval workshop Vol. 199, no. 99 (p 54).","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/S14-2007"},{"key":"9382_CR29","first-page":"28","volume":"3","author":"J Pustejovsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pustejovsky, J., Castano, J. M., Ingria, R., Sauri, R., Gaizauskas, R. J., Setzer, A., et al. (2003). TimeML: Robust specification of event and temporal expressions in text. New Directions in Question Answering, 3, 28\u201334.","journal-title":"New Directions in Question Answering"},{"key":"9382_CR30","first-page":"950","volume":"42","author":"A Roberts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roberts, A., Gaizauskas, R., Hepple, M., Demetriou, G., Guo, Y., Roberts, I., et al. (2009). Building a semantically annotated corpus of clinical texts. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 42, 950\u2013966.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics"},{"key":"9382_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savkov, A., Carroll, J., Koeling, R., & Cassell, J. (2016). Annotating patient clinical records with syntactic chunks and named entities: The Harvey corpus. Language Resources and Evaluation, (pp. 1\u201326).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-015-9330-7"},{"key":"9382_CR32","unstructured":"Savova, G., Styler, W., Albright, D., Palmer, M., Harris, D., & Zaramba, G., et al. (2012). SHARP template annotations: Guidelines. Technical report, Mayo Clinic."},{"key":"9382_CR33","first-page":"28","volume":"43","author":"H Schmid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmid, H. (1995). Treetagger| a language independent part-of-speech tagger. Institut f\u00fcr Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, 43, 28.","journal-title":"Institut f\u00fcr Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart"},{"key":"9382_CR34","unstructured":"Sinclair, J. (2005). Corpus and text\u2013basic principles. Developing Linguistic Corpora: A Guide to Good Practice, (pp. 1\u201316)."},{"key":"9382_CR35","unstructured":"Stenetorp, P., Pyysalo, S., Topi\u0107, G., Ohta, T., Ananiadou, S., & Tsujii, J. (2012). BRAT: A Web-based tool for NLP-assisted text annotation. In Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at EACL 2012 (pp. 102\u20137)."},{"key":"9382_CR36","first-page":"143","volume":"2","author":"W Styler IV","year":"2014","unstructured":"Styler, W, I. V., Bethard, S., Finan, S., Palmer, M., Pradhan, S., de Groen, P., et al. (2014). Temporal annotation in the clinical domain. Transactions of the ACL, 2, 143\u2013154.","journal-title":"Transactions of the ACL"},{"issue":"5","key":"9382_CR37","first-page":"806","volume":"20","author":"W Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun, W., Rumshisky, A., & Uzuner, O. (2013). Evaluating temporal relations in clinical text: 2012 i2b2 challenge. JAMIA, 20(5), 806\u2013813.","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"issue":"3","key":"9382_CR38","first-page":"554","volume":"20","author":"C Tao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tao, C., Jiang, G., Oniki, T., Freimuth, R., Zhu, Q., Sharma, D., et al. (2013). A semantic-web oriented representation of the clinical element model for secondary use of electronic health records data. JAMIA, 20(3), 554\u201362.","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"key":"9382_CR39","unstructured":"Tapi\u00a0Nzali, M.D., N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, A., & Tannier, X. (2015). Analyse d\u2019expressions temporelles dans les dossiers \u00e9lectroniques patients. In Actes de TALN 2015 (pp. 144\u201352)."},{"key":"9382_CR40","unstructured":"Tepper, M., Capurro, D., Xia, F., Vanderwende, L., & Yetisgen-Yildiz, M. (2012). Statistical section segmentation in free-text clinical records. In Proceedings of LREC 2012 Istanbul, Turkey."},{"issue":"5","key":"9382_CR41","first-page":"514","volume":"17","author":"\u00d6 Uzuner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uzuner, \u00d6., Solti, I., & Cadag, E. (2010). Extracting medication information from clinical text. JAMIA, 17(5), 514\u2013518.","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"issue":"5","key":"9382_CR42","first-page":"552","volume":"18","author":"\u00d6 Uzuner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzuner, \u00d6., South, B. R., Shen, S., & DuVall, S. L. (2011). 2010 i2b2\/VA challenge on concepts, assertions, and relations in clinical text. JAMIA, 18(5), 552\u2013556.","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"key":"9382_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verspoor, K., Yepes, A.J., Cavedon, L., McIntosh, T., Herten-Crabb, A., Thomas, Z., & Plazzer, J.-P. (2013). Annotating the biomedical literature for the human variome. Database.","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bat019"},{"issue":"1","key":"9382_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-1480-4-1","volume":"4","author":"S Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, S., Kaggal, V., Dligach, D., Masanz, J., Chen, P., Becker, L., et al. (2013). A common type system for clinical natural language processing. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 4(1), 1.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Semantics"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"9382_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2004.03.010","volume":"74","author":"P Zweigenbaum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zweigenbaum, P., Baud, R. H., Burgun, A., Namer, F., Jarrousse, E., Grabar, N., et al. (2005). A unified medical lexicon for French. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 74(2\u20134), 119\u2013124.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Informatics"}],"container-title":["Language Resources and Evaluation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9382-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9382-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9382-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T13:06:03Z","timestamp":1601643963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9382-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9382-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-020X","type":"print"},{"value":"1574-0218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]}}}