{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:58:57Z","timestamp":1778497137861,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506038400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lang Resources &amp; Evaluation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-017-9402-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T10:00:01Z","timestamp":1506074401000},"page":"249-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Automatic speech recognition system for Tunisian dialect"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Abir","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fethi","family":"Bougares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Ellouze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Est\u00e8ve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Belguith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9402_CR1","unstructured":"Abdel-Rahman A. (1991). Code-switching and linguistic accommodation in Arabic, In Perspectives on arabic linguistics III: Papers from the third annual symposium on Arabic linguistics (vol. 80, pp. 231250). John Benjamins Publishing."},{"key":"9402_CR2","unstructured":"Alghamdi, M., Elshafei, M. & and Al-Muhtaseb, H. (2002). Speech units for Arabic text-to-speech, fourth workshop on computer and information sciences, pp. 199\u2013212."},{"issue":"2","key":"9402_CR3","first-page":"35","volume":"35","author":"M Alghamdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alghamdi, M., Muzaffar, Z., & Alhakami, H. (2010). Automatic restoration of Arabic diacritics: A simple, purely statistical approach. The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 35(2), 35.","journal-title":"The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering"},{"key":"9402_CR4","unstructured":"Andersen, O., Kuhn, R., Lazarid\u00e8s, A., Dalsgaard, P., Haas, J., & Nth, E. (1996). Comparison of two tree-structured approaches for Grapheme-to-Phoneme conversion, spoken language processing (Vol. 3, pp. 1700\u20131703). Philadelphia, USA."},{"key":"9402_CR5","unstructured":"Baccouche, T. (2003). Larabe, dune koin dialectale une langue de culture, Mmoires de la soci linguistique de Paris, TomeXI, (les langues de Communication...), 87\u201393."},{"key":"9402_CR6","unstructured":"Barnard, E., Davel, M. H., & Van Huyssteen, G. B. (2010). Speech technology for information access: A South African case study. In AAAI spring symposium: artificial intelligence for development."},{"key":"9402_CR7","unstructured":"Besacier, L., Le, V.B., Castelli, E., Sethserey, S. & Protin, L. (2005). Reconnaissance automatique de la parole pour des langues peu dotees: Application au vietnamien et au khmer, TALN\u20192005."},{"key":"9402_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2013.07.008","volume":"56","author":"L Besacier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Besacier, L., Barnard, E., Karpov, A., & Schultz, T. (2014). Automatic speech recognition for under-resourced languages: A survey. Speech Communication, 56, 85\u2013100.","journal-title":"Speech Communication"},{"key":"9402_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biadsy, F., Habash, N. & Hirschberg, J. (2009). Improving the Arabic pronunciation dictionary for phone and word recognition with linguistically-based pronunciation rules. In Annual conference of the North American, Boulder, Colorado p. 397405.","DOI":"10.3115\/1620754.1620812"},{"key":"9402_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2008.01.002","volume":"50","author":"M Bisani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bisani, M., & Ney, H. (2008). Joint-sequence models for Grapheme-to-Phoneme conversion. Speech Communication, 50, 434\u2013451.","journal-title":"Speech Communication"},{"key":"9402_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blachona, D., Gauthiera, E., Besacier, L., Kouarata, G., Adda-Deckerb, M. & Rialland, A. (2016). Parallel speech collection for under-resourced language studies using the lig-aikuma mobile device app, In 5th workshop on spoken language technology for under-resourced languages, SLTU\u20192016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.04.030"},{"key":"9402_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2013.05.003","volume":"56","author":"H Cucu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cucu, H., Buzo, A., Besacier, L., & Burileanu, C. (2014). SMT-based ASR domain adaptation methods for under-resourced languages: Application to Romanian. Speech Communication, 56, 195\u2013212.","journal-title":"Speech Communication"},{"key":"9402_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Imam, Y. (2004). Phonetization of Arabic: Rules and algorithms, Computer Speech and Language.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2308(03)00035-4"},{"key":"9402_CR14","unstructured":"Elmahdy, M., Hasegawa-Johnson, M. & Mustafawi, E. (2014). Development of a TV broadcasts speech recognition system for Qatari Arabic, In The 9th edition of the language resources and evaluation conference: LREC\u20192014."},{"key":"9402_CR15","unstructured":"Elshafei, M., Al-Muhtaseb, H. & Alghamdi. M. (2006). Statistical methods for automatic diacritization of Arabic text. In The Saudi 18th national computer conference (vol. 18, pp. 301\u2013306)."},{"key":"9402_CR16","unstructured":"Gauthier, E., Besacier, L., Voisin, S., Melese, M. & Elingui, U. P. (2016). Collecting resources in sub-Saharan African languages for automatic speech recognition: A case study of wolof, LREC\u20192016."},{"key":"9402_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gauthiera, E., Besacier, L. & Voisinb, S. (2016). Automatic speech recognition for African languages with vowel length contrast. In 5th workshop on spoken language technology for under-resourced languages, SLTU\u20192016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.04.041"},{"key":"9402_CR18","unstructured":"Gelas, H., Abate, S. T., Besacier, L. & Pellegrino, F. (2012). Analyse des performances de modles de langage sub-lexicale pour des langues peu-dotees morphologie riche, JEP-TALN-RECITAL 2012, Atelier TALAf 2012: Traitement Automatique des Langues Africaines."},{"key":"9402_CR19","unstructured":"Graja, M., Jaoua, M. & Belguith, L. (2010). Lexical study of a spoken dialogue corpus in Tunisian dialect. In ACIT2010: The International Arab conference on information technology, Benghazi-Libya, December 1416."},{"key":"9402_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2015.2464687","volume":"23","author":"M Graja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Graja, M., Jaoua, M., & Belguith, L. (2015). Statistical framework with knowledge base integration for robust speech understanding of the Tunisian dialect. IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech & Language Processing, 23, 2311\u20132321.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech & Language Processing"},{"key":"9402_CR21","unstructured":"Habash, N., Diab, D. & Rambow, O. (2012). Conventional orthography for dialectal Arabic. In Proceedings of the eighth international conference on language resources and evaluation, LREC\u20192012."},{"key":"9402_CR22","volume-title":"Introduction to Arabic natural language processing, synthesis lectures on human language technologies, Graeme Hirst","author":"N Habash","year":"2010","unstructured":"Habash, N. (2010). Introduction to Arabic natural language processing, synthesis lectures on human language technologies, Graeme Hirst. San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool Publishers."},{"key":"9402_CR23","first-page":"81","volume":"17","author":"N Habash","year":"2006","unstructured":"Habash, N. (2006). On Arabic and its dialects. Multilingual Magazine, 17, 81.","journal-title":"Multilingual Magazine"},{"key":"9402_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4kkinen, J., Suontausta, J., Riis, S., & Jensen, K. (2003). Assessing text-to-phoneme mapping strategies in speaker independent isolated word recognition. Speech Communication, 41, 455\u2013467.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(03)00015-3"},{"key":"9402_CR25","unstructured":"Harrat, S., Meftouh, K., Abbas, M., & Sma\u00efli, K. (2014). Grapheme to Phoneme conversion\u2014an Arabic dialect case, In Spoken language technologies for under-resourced languages, (SLTU\u20192014)."},{"key":"9402_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Illina, I., Fohr, D., & Jouvet, D. (2011). Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion using conditional random fields, Interspeech\u2019 2011.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-614"},{"issue":"318","key":"9402_CR27","first-page":"321","volume":"3","author":"J Jensen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jensen, J., & Riis, S. (2000). Self-organizing letter code-book for text-to-phoneme neural network model. Spoken Language Processing, 3(318), 321.","journal-title":"Spoken Language Processing"},{"key":"9402_CR28","unstructured":"Juan, S., & Besacier, L. (2013). Fast bootstrapping of Grapheme to Phoneme system for under-resourced languages-application to the iban language, WSSANLP-2013."},{"key":"9402_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.E97.D.901","volume":"97","author":"S Kheang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kheang, S., Katsurada, K., Iribe, Y., & Nitta, T. (2014). Solving the phoneme conflict in Grapheme-to-Phoneme conversion using a two-stage neural network-based approach. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 97, 901\u2013910.","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"},{"key":"9402_CR30","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Accommodation communicative en Tunisie: une tude empirique","author":"S Lawson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lawson, S., & Itesh, S. (1997). Accommodation communicative en Tunisie: une tude empirique (pp. 101\u2013114). Plurilinguisme et identits au Maghreb: Publications de lUniversite de Rouen."},{"key":"9402_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lileikyta, R., Gorinaa, A., Lamela, L., Gauvaina, J., & Fraga-Silva, T. H. (2016). Lithuanian broadcast speech transcription using semi-supervised acoustic model training. In 5th Workshop on spoken language technology for under-resourced languages, SLTU\u20192016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.04.037"},{"key":"9402_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2010.07.006","volume":"53","author":"L Loots","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loots, L., & Niesler, T. (2011). Automatic conversion between pronunciations of different English accents. Speech Communication, 53, 7584.","journal-title":"Speech Communication"},{"key":"9402_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1162\/089120100561674","volume":"26","author":"Y Marchand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marchand, Y., & Damper, R. (2000). A multistrategy approach to improving pronunciation by analogy. Computational Linguistics, 26, 19\u2013219.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"9402_CR34","unstructured":"Masmoudi, A., Khmekhem, M., Est\u00e8ve, Y., Belguith, L., & Habash, N. (2014). A corpus and phonetic dictionary for Tunisian Arabic speech recognition. In Proceedings of the ninth international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland (pp. 306\u2013310)."},{"key":"9402_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masmoudi, A., Habash, N., Khmekhem, M., Est\u00e8ve, Y., & Belguith, L. (2015). Arabic transliteration of Romanized Tunisian dialect text: A preliminary investigation. In 16th international conference on computational linguistics and intelligent text processing, CICLing 2015. Cairo: Egypt, pp. 608\u2013619.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18111-0_46"},{"key":"9402_CR36","first-page":"53","volume":"1","author":"S Mejri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mejri, S., Said, S., & Sfar, I. (2009). Pluringuisme et diglossie en Tunisie. Synergies Tunisie, 1, 53\u201374.","journal-title":"Synergies Tunisie"},{"key":"9402_CR37","unstructured":"Nimaan, A., Nocera, P., & Torres-Moreno, J. M. (2006). Boites a outils tal pour les langues peu informatisees: Le cas du somali. JADT06: actes des 8es Journees internationales danalyse statistique des donnees textuelles: Besancon."},{"key":"9402_CR38","first-page":"2018","volume":"2015","author":"V Pagel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pagel, V., Lenzo, K., & Black, A. (1998). Letter-to-sound rules for accented lexicon compression. Spoken Language Processing, Sydney, Australia, 2015, 2018.","journal-title":"Spoken Language Processing, Sydney, Australia"},{"key":"9402_CR39","unstructured":"Pellegrini, T. (2008). Transcription automatique de langues peu dotees, Ph.D. thesis; Universite Paris Sud-Paris XI."},{"key":"9402_CR40","unstructured":"Povey, D., Ghoshal, A., Boulianne, G., Burget, L., Glembek, O., Goel, N., Hannemann, M., Motlicek, P., Qian, Y., Schwarz, P., Silovsky, K., Stemmer, G., & Vesely, K. (2011). The Kaldi speech recognition toolkit. In IEEE 2011 Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding."},{"key":"9402_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasipuram, R., & Doss, M. (2012). Acoustic data-driven grapheme-to-phoneme conversion using KL-HMM. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP\u20192012), pp. 4841\u20134844.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6289003"},{"key":"9402_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saadane, H., & Habash, N. (2015). A conventional orthography for Algerian Arabic. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing, pp. 69\u201379.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W15-3208"},{"key":"9402_CR43","unstructured":"Samson, S., Besacier, L., Lecouteux, B., & Dyab, M. (2015). Using resources from a closely-related language to develop ASR for a very under-resourced language: A case study for iban, interspeech\u20192015. Germany: Dresden."},{"key":"9402_CR44","unstructured":"Schlippe, T., Djomgang, E., Vu, N., Ochs, S., & Schultz, T. (2012). Hause large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. In The Third International Workshop on Spoken Languages Technologies for Under-Resourced Languages, Cape Town, South Africa, SLTU\u20192012."},{"key":"9402_CR45","unstructured":"Sejnowski, T., & Rosenberg, C. H. (1987). Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text. Complex Systems Publications (pp. 145\u2013168)."},{"key":"9402_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seng. K., Iribe, Y., Nitta, T. (2011). Letter-to-phoneme conversion based on two-stage neural network focusing on letter and phoneme contexts. In INTERSPEECH\u20192011, 12th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, ISCA, pp. 1885\u20131888.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-512"},{"key":"9402_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, P. (2005). Hidden Markov models for grapheme to phoneme conversion. In INTERSPEECH\u2019 2005\u2014Eurospeech, 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, ISCA, pp. 1973\u20131976.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2005-615"},{"key":"9402_CR48","volume-title":"Transcription orthographique phon\u00e9tique en vue de la synth\u00e8se de la parole partir du texte de lArabe","author":"H Tebbi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tebbi, H. (2007). Transcription orthographique phon\u00e9tique en vue de la synth\u00e8se de la parole partir du texte de lArabe. Alg\u00e9rie: Univrersit\u00e9 de Blida."},{"key":"9402_CR49","first-page":"14371440","volume":"2008","author":"D Vergyri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vergyri, D., Mandal, A., Wang, W., Stolcke, A., Zheng, J., Graciarena, M., et al. (2008). Development of the SRI\/Nightingale Arabic ASR system. Interspeech, 2008, 14371440.","journal-title":"Interspeech"},{"key":"9402_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vu, N.T, Kraus, F., & Schultz, T. (2011). Rapid building of an ASR system for under-resourced languages based on multilingual unsupervised training, Interspeech, Citeseer.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-787"},{"key":"9402_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., & Sim, K. (2013). Integrating conditional random fields and joint multi-gram model with syllabic features for grapheme-to-phone conversion, INTERSPEECH\u20192013.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2013-543"},{"key":"9402_CR52","unstructured":"Zribi, I., Boujelbane, R., Masmoudi, A., Ellouze, M., Belguith, L., & Habash, N. (2014). A conventional orthography for Tunisian Arabic. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2014) (pp. 2355\u20132361). Reykjavik, Iceland."}],"container-title":["Language Resources and Evaluation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9402-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9402-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9402-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T05:53:36Z","timestamp":1659506016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9402-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-017-9402-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-020X","type":"print"},{"value":"1574-0218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]}}}