{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:13:33Z","timestamp":1740143613130,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lang Resources &amp; Evaluation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper describes the structure and creation of Blackfoot Words, a new relational database of lexical forms (inflected words, stems, and morphemes) in Blackfoot (Algonquian; ISO 639-3: bla). To date, we have digitized 63,493 individual lexical forms from 30 sources, representing all four major dialects, and spanning the years 1743\u20132017. Version 1.1 of the database includes lexical forms from nine of these sources. This project has two aims. The first is to digitize and provide access to the lexical data in these sources, many of which are difficult to access and discover. The second is to organize the data so that connections can be made between instances of the \u201csame\u201d lexical form across all sources, despite variation across sources in the dialect recorded, orthographic conventions, and the depth of morpheme analysis. The database structure was developed in response to these aims. The database comprises five tables: Sources, Words, Stems, Morphemes, and Lemmas. The Sources table contains bibliographic information and commentary on the sources. The Words table contains inflected words in the source orthography. Each word is broken down into stems and morphemes which are entered into the Stems and Morphemes tables in the source orthography. The Lemmas table contains abstract versions of each stem or morpheme in a standardized orthography. Instances of the same stem or morpheme are linked to a common lemma. We expect that the database will support projects by the language community and other researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-022-09631-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T15:43:16Z","timestamp":1680536596000},"page":"1207-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blackfoot Words: a database of Blackfoot lexical forms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Celli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKenzie","family":"Denham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Dykstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Hernandez-Merlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Hochstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinyu","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Kulmizev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matty","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Venkatraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"9631_CR3","unstructured":"\u00c1\u00edstainskiaaki, Issap\u00f3\u00edkoan, \u00c1\u00ednnootaa, & Osgarby, D. (2013). Aak\u00ed\u00edpisskani \u2018The women\u2019s buffalo jump\u2019. In J. Dunham, P. Littell, & J. Lyon (Eds.), Papers of the international conference on salish and neighbouring languages (vol. 48, pp. 1\u201321). University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics 35."},{"key":"9631_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arkhangelskiy, T., & Lander Y. (2015). Some challenges of the West Circassian polysynthetic corpus. Higher School of Economics Research Paper No. WP BRP 37\/LNG\/2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2709027.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2709027"},{"key":"9631_CR5","volume-title":"Heteromorphemic assibilation of k in Blackfoot","author":"S Armoskaite","year":"2006","unstructured":"Armoskaite, S. (2006). Heteromorphemic assibilation of k in Blackfoot. Ms.,  Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia."},{"key":"9631_CR6","unstructured":"Armoskaite, S. (2011). The destiny of roots in Blackfoot and Lithuanian. University of British Columbia, PhD thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arppe, A., Junker, M.-O. & Torkornoo, D. (2017). Converting a comprehensive lexical database into a computational model: The case of East Cree verb inflection. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on the Use of Computational Methods in the Study of Endangered Languages, Honolulu, Hawai\u2018i, USA, March 6\u20137, 2017, 52\u201356. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-0108"},{"key":"9631_CR8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Papers of the Forty-Eighth Algonquian Conference","author":"A Arppe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arppe, A., Schmirler, K., Silfverberg, M., Hulden, M., & Wolvengrey, A. (2019). Insights from computational modelling of the derivational structure of Plains Cree stems. In M. Macaulay, & M. Noodin (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-Eighth Algonquian Conference (pp. 1\u201318). Michigan State University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR9","unstructured":"Aubin, G. F. (1975). A Proto-Algonquian dictionary. (National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper 29). National Museums of Canada."},{"key":"9631_CR10","first-page":"394","volume":"10","author":"D Baldwin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baldwin, D., Costa, D. J., & Troy, D. (2016). Myaamiaataweenki eekincikoonihkiinki eeyoonki aapisaataweenki: A Miami language digital tool for language reclamation. Language Documentation & Conservation, 10, 394\u2013410. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/24713","journal-title":"Language Documentation & Conservation"},{"issue":"4","key":"9631_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.15860\/sigg.24.4.201412.765","volume":"24","author":"M Barrie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barrie, M. (2014). Pseudo scope marking constructions in Blackfoot. Studies in Generative Grammar, 24(4), 765\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15860\/sigg.24.4.201412.765","journal-title":"Studies in Generative Grammar"},{"key":"9631_CR12","volume-title":"Blackfoot ways of knowing: The worldview of the Siksikaitsitapi","author":"B Bastien","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bastien, B. (2004). Blackfoot ways of knowing: The worldview of the Siksikaitsitapi. University of Calgary Press."},{"key":"9631_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139165846","volume-title":"English word-formation","author":"L Bauer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bauer, L. (1983). English word-formation. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-3718-0_13","volume-title":"Yearbook of morphology 1996","author":"L Bauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bauer, L. (1997). Derivational paradigms. In G. Booij, & J. van Marle (Eds.), Yearbook of morphology 1996 (pp. 243\u2013256). Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"issue":"2","key":"9631_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1086\/507167","volume":"72","author":"H Berman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berman, H. (2006). Studies in Blackfoot prehistory. International Journal of American Linguistics, 72(2), 264\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/507167","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9631_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1086\/519059","volume":"73","author":"H Berman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berman, H. (2007). A Blackfoot syncope rule. International Journal of American Linguistics, 73(2), 239\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/519059","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Biedny, J., Burner, M., Cudworth, A., & Macaulay, M. (2021). Classifier medials across Algonquian: A first look. International Journal of American Linguistics, 87(1), 1\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/711606","DOI":"10.1086\/711606"},{"key":"9631_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bird, S. (2020). Decolonising speech and language technology. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (pp. 3504\u20133519), Barcelona, Spain (Online). International Committee on Computational Linguistics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.313","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.313"},{"issue":"3","key":"9631_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2003.0149","volume":"79","author":"S Bird","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bird, S., & Simons, G. (2003). Seven dimensions of portability for language documentation and description. Language, 79(3), 557\u2013582.","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"9631_CR19","unstructured":"Bliss, H. (2010). Blackfoot ikak-: A case study in ONLY and  EVEN. Paper presented at the Meeting of Semanticists Active in Canada (MOSAIC) 2, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, June 1, 2010."},{"key":"9631_CR20","unstructured":"Bliss, H. (2013). The Blackfoot configurationality conspiracy: Parallels and differences in clausal and nominal structures. University of British Columbia, PhD thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR21","unstructured":"Bliss, H., Breaker, I. M. N. Breaker, N. L., & Ireland, L. (2021). Itohtsissitapitsi'pi Ihpapiiyistsiyo'pi: Sharing our knowledge to create a Blackfoot learning resource. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Language Documentation and Conservation (ICLDC). Retrieved 19 November, 2022, from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/74465"},{"key":"9631_CR22","unstructured":"Bliss, H., & Gick, B. (2009). Articulation without acoustics: \u201cSoundless\u201d vowels in Blackfoot. In F. Mailhot (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. Carleton University."},{"key":"9631_CR23","unstructured":"Bliss, H., & Gick, B. (2017). Blackfoot final vowels: What Variation and its absence can tell us about communicative goals. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (Vol. 23(2), pp. 40\u201347). https:\/\/repository.upenn.edu\/pwpl\/vol23\/iss2\/6"},{"key":"9631_CR24","unstructured":"Bliss, H. & Glougie, J. (2010). Speaker variation and the phonetic realization of Blackfoot obviation morphology. In H. Bliss, & R. Girard (Eds.),  Proceedings of the 13th and 14th Workshop on the Structure and Constituency of Languages of the Americas (WSCLA 13 and 14) (pp. 70\u201383). (University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics 26)."},{"key":"9631_CR25","unstructured":"Bliss, H., & Ritter, E. (2009). Speaker certainty, event realization and epistemic modality in Siksika Blackfoot. Ms., University of British Columbia & University of Calgary."},{"key":"9631_CR26","unstructured":"Bliss, H., Ritter, E., & Wiltschko, M. (2010). A comparative analysis of theme marking in Blackfoot and Nishnaabemwim. In B. Rogers, & A. Szakay (Eds.), Proceedings of the fifteenth Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Languages of the Americas (WSCLA 15), (University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics 29). Vancouver, BC: Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia."},{"issue":"4","key":"9631_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2307\/409540","volume":"1","author":"L Bloomfield","year":"1925","unstructured":"Bloomfield, L. (1925). On the sound-system of Central Algonquian. Language, 1(4), 130\u2013156.","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"9631_CR28","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Linguistic structures of Native America","author":"L Bloomfield","year":"1946","unstructured":"Bloomfield, L. (1946). Algonquian. In C. Osgood (Ed.), Linguistic structures of Native America (pp. 85\u2013129). Viking Fund."},{"key":"9631_CR29","volume-title":"A phonetic analysis of Blackfoot","author":"L Bortolin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bortolin, L., & McLennan, S. (1995). A phonetic analysis of Blackfoot. Ms., University of Calgary."},{"key":"9631_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"C Bowern","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowern, C. (2016). Chirila: Contemporary and historical resources for the indigenous languages of Australia. Language Documentation & Conservation, 10, 1\u201344. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/24685","journal-title":"Language Documentation & Conservation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR31","first-page":"32","volume":"5","author":"TJ Brasser","year":"1979","unstructured":"Brasser, T. J. (1979). The pedigree of the Hugging Bear tipi in the Blackfoot camp. American Indian Art Magazine, 5(1), 32\u201339.","journal-title":"American Indian Art Magazine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-020-09494-5","volume":"55","author":"J Brixey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brixey, J., & Artstein, R. (2021). ChoCo: A multimodal corpus of the Choctaw language. Language Resources and Evaluation, 55(1), 241\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-020-09494-5","journal-title":"Language Resources and Evaluation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9631_CR33","first-page":"44","volume":"33","author":"A Brownstone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brownstone, A. (2008). Reverend John Maclean and the Bloods. American Indian Art Magazine, 33(3), 44\u201357, 106\u2013107","journal-title":"American Indian Art Magazine"},{"key":"9631_CR34","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Letters and notes on the manners, customs, and condition of the North American Indians: Written during eight years' travel amongst the wildest tribes of Indians in North America, in 1832, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39","author":"G Catlin","year":"1842","unstructured":"Catlin, G. (1842). Letters and notes on the manners, customs, and condition of the North American Indians: Written during eight years' travel amongst the wildest tribes of Indians in North America, in 1832, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39 (Vol. 2, pp. 262\u2013265). Wiley and Putman."},{"key":"9631_CR35","unstructured":"Comrie, B. Haspelmath, M., & Bickel, B. (2015). Leipzig glossing rules. Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses. Last modified May 31, 2015. Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. https:\/\/www.eva.mpg.de\/lingua\/resources\/glossing-rules.php"},{"key":"9631_CR36","unstructured":"Curtis, E. S. (1911). The North American Indian: Vol. 6. The Piegan. The Cheyenne. The Arapaho. Norwood: The Plimpton Press."},{"key":"9631_CR37","unstructured":"Cysouw, M. & Good, J. (2013). Languoid, doculect, and glossonym: Formalizing the notion \u2018language\u2019. Language Documentation & Conservation, 7, 331\u2013359. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/4606"},{"key":"9631_CR38","unstructured":"de Jong, J. D. J. (1914). Blackfoot texts from the Southern Peigans Blackfoot reservation, Teton county Montana. With the help of Black-Horse-Rider. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, d. 14, no. 4.) Johannes M\u00fcller."},{"key":"9631_CR39","unstructured":"D\u00e9chaine, R.-M., & Wiltschko, M. (2010). Micro-variation in agreement, clause-typing and finiteness: Comparative evidence from Plains Cree & Blackfoot. In J. R. Valentine, & M. Macaulay (Eds.), Proceedings of the 42nd Algonquian Conference (pp. 69\u2013101). Albany, NY: State University of New York."},{"key":"9631_CR40","unstructured":"D\u00e9chaine, R.-M., & Weber, N. (2015). Head-Merge, Adjunct-Merge, and the Syntax of Root Categorisation. In K.-M. Kim (Ed.), Proceedings of the poster session of the 33rd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (pp. 38\u201347). (Simon Fraser Working Papers of Linguistics 5). Cascadilla Proceedings Project."},{"key":"9631_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00e9chaine, R.-M., & Weber, N. (2018). Root syntax: Evidence from Algonquian. In M. Macaulay, & M. Noodin (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-seventh Algonquian Conference (pp. 57\u201382).  Michigan State University Press.","DOI":"10.14321\/j.ctt1x76dj5.7"},{"key":"9631_CR42","unstructured":"Dempsey, H. A. (2019). Blackfoot Confederacy. The Canadian Encyclopedia, 18 July 2019, Historica Canada. Retrieved 29 June, 2021, from https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/blackfoot-nation"},{"key":"9631_CR43","unstructured":"Denzer-King, R. (2012). The status of Blackfoot \/s\/ analyzed in Optimality Theory. In K. S. Hele, & J. R. Valentine (Eds.), Papers of the Fortieth Algonquian Conference (pp. 97\u2013135). Albany, NY: State University of New York."},{"key":"9631_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110198744.13","volume-title":"The use of databases in cross-linguistic studies","author":"A Dimitriadis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dimitriadis, A., & Musgrave, S. (2009). Designing linguistic databases: A primer for linguists. In M. Everaert, S. Musgrave, & A. Dimitriadis (Eds.), The use of databases in cross-linguistic studies (pp. 13\u201376). De Gruyter Mouton. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110198744.13"},{"key":"9631_CR45","unstructured":"Dryer, M. S. & Haspelmath, M. (Eds.), (2013). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 28 August, 2021, from http:\/\/wals.info"},{"key":"9631_CR46","volume-title":"Noun incorporation in Blackfoot","author":"JRW Dunham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dunham, J. R. W. (2009). Noun incorporation in Blackfoot. Ms., University of British Columbia."},{"key":"9631_CR47","unstructured":"Dunham, J. R. W. (2013). The Blackfoot Language Database. In K. S. Hele, & J. R. Valentine (Eds.), Papers of the 41st Algonquian Conference (pp. 75\u201380). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press."},{"key":"9631_CR48","unstructured":"Dunham, J. R. W. (2014). The Online Linguistic Database: Software for linguistic fieldwork. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia."},{"key":"9631_CR49","volume-title":"Blackfoot history and culture","author":"H Dwyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dwyer, H., & Stout, M. (2012). Blackfoot history and culture. Gareth Stevens."},{"key":"9631_CR50","unstructured":"Eberhard, D. M., Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2021). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-fourth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 June, 2021, from https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/"},{"key":"9631_CR51","unstructured":"Elfner, E. (2006). The mora in Blackfoot. University of Calgary, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR52","unstructured":"Ermineskin, R., & Howe, D. (2005). On Blackfoot syllabics and the law of finals. Paper, presented at the 37th Algonquian Conference in Ottawa, October 22, 2005."},{"key":"9631_CR53","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Honoring Our Teachers","author":"N Fish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fish, N., & Miyashita, M. (2017). Guiding Pronunciation of Blackfoot Melody. In J. Reyhner (Ed.), Honoring Our Teachers (pp. 203\u2013210). Northern Arizona University."},{"key":"9631_CR54","volume-title":"Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and grammar","author":"N Francis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Francis, N., & Ku\u010dera, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and grammar. Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"9631_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.46471","volume-title":"Narrative of a journey to the shores of the Polar Sea in the years 1819, 20, 21, and 22","author":"SJ Franklin","year":"1823","unstructured":"Franklin, S. J. (1823). Narrative of a journey to the shores of the Polar Sea in the years 1819, 20, 21, and 22 (p. 109). John Murray."},{"key":"9631_CR56","volume-title":"Toward a generative grammar of Blackfoot: (With particular attention to selected stem formation processes)","author":"DG Frantz","year":"1971","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G. (1971). Toward a generative grammar of Blackfoot: With particular attention to selected stem formation processes. Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of Oklahoma."},{"key":"9631_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G. (1978). Abstractness of phonology and Blackfoot orthography design. In W. McCormack, & S. A. Wurm (Eds.), Approaches to language, anthropological issues. Papers written for the IXth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Chicago, 1973 (pp. 307\u2013325). Mouton Publishers.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110800036.307"},{"key":"9631_CR58","volume-title":"Blackfoot grammar","author":"DG Frantz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G. (1997). Blackfoot grammar (1st ed.). University of Toronto Press.","edition":"1"},{"key":"9631_CR59","volume-title":"Blackfoot grammar","author":"DG Frantz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G. (2009). Blackfoot grammar (2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9631_CR60","volume-title":"Blackfoot grammar","author":"DG Frantz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G. (2017). Blackfoot grammar (3rd ed.). University of Toronto Press.","edition":"3"},{"key":"9631_CR61","volume-title":"Blackfoot dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes","author":"DG Frantz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G., & Russell, N. J. (1989). Blackfoot dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes (1st ed.). University of Toronto Press.","edition":"1"},{"key":"9631_CR62","volume-title":"Blackfoot dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes","author":"DG Frantz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G., & Russell, N. J. (1995). Blackfoot dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes (2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9631_CR63","volume-title":"Blackfoot dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes","author":"DG Frantz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frantz, D. G., & Russell, N. J. (2017). Blackfoot dictionary of stems, roots, and affixes (3rd ed.).  University of Toronto Press.","edition":"3"},{"key":"9631_CR200","unstructured":"Gallatin, A. S. (1836). A Synopsis of the Indian Tribes Within the United States East of the Rocky Mountains, and in the British and Russian Possessions in North America. (Archaeologia Americana 2). Cambridge: American Antiquarian Society. Printed for The Society at the University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR64","unstructured":"Gallatin, A. S. (1848). Introduction. In H. Hale (Ed.), Indians of North-west America, and Vocabularies of North America, with an Introduction (pp. cxiiif\u2013cxiv). (Transactions of the American Ethnological Society, vol. 2.) Bartlett & Welford."},{"key":"9631_CR65","volume-title":"The adverbial and prepositional prefixes in blackfoot","author":"GJ Geers","year":"1917","unstructured":"Geers, G. J. (1917). The adverbial and prepositional prefixes in Blackfoot. L. van Nifterik."},{"key":"9631_CR66","unstructured":"Genee, I., Herdeg, A., & Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, F. (2012). Toward a template for Blackfoot stems. Paper, 44th Algonquian Conference, Chicago, IL, October 25\u201328, 2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1075\/wll.00031.gen","volume":"23","author":"I Genee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Genee, I. (2020). \u201cIt's written niisto but it sounds like knee stew.\u201d Handling multiple orthographies in Blackfoot language web resources. Written Language & Literacy, 23(1), 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/wll.00031.gen","journal-title":"Written Language & Literacy"},{"key":"9631_CR68","first-page":"298","volume":"12","author":"I Genee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Genee, I., & Junker, M.-O. (2018). The Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project: Creating integrated web resources for language documentation and revitalization. Language Documentation and Conservation, 12, 298\u2013338. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/24770","journal-title":"Language Documentation and Conservation"},{"key":"9631_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geva, M., Goldberg, Y., & Berant, J. (2019). Are we modeling the task or the annotator? An investigation of annotator bias in natural language understanding datasets. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Hong Kong, China, November 3\u20137, 2019 (pp. 1161\u20131166). Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1107"},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2011.09.002","volume":"40","author":"B Gick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gick, B., Bliss, H., Michelson, K., & Radanov, B. (2012). Articulation without acoustics: \u201cSoundless\u201d vowels in Oneida and Blackfoot. Journal of Phonetics, 40(1), 46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wocn.2011.09.002","journal-title":"Journal of Phonetics"},{"key":"9631_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goad, H., & Shimada, A. (2014). In some languages, \/s\/ is a vowel. In J. Kingston, C. Moore-Cantwell, J. Pater, &  R. Staubs (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2013 Meeting on Phonology. Linguistic Society of America. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3765\/amp.v1i1.50.","DOI":"10.3765\/amp.v1i1.50"},{"issue":"4","key":"9631_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1086\/466171","volume":"56","author":"I Goddard","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goddard, I. (1990). Primary and secondary stem derivation in Algonquian. International Journal of American Linguistics, 56(4), 449\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/466171","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR73","unstructured":"Goddard, I. (1994). The west-to-east cline in Algonquian dialectology. In W. Cowan (Ed.), Papers of the Twenty-fifth Algonquian Conference (pp. 187\u2013211). Carleton University."},{"key":"9631_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.14321\/j.ctt1x76dj5.8","volume-title":"Papers of the forty-seventh algonquian conference","author":"I Goddard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goddard, I. (2018). Blackfoot and Core Algonquian inflectional morphology: Archaisms and innovations. In M. Macaulay, & M. Noodin (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-seventh Algonquian Conference (pp. 83\u2013106). Michigan State University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR75","volume-title":"An introduction by Richard Glover","author":"A Graham","year":"1969","unstructured":"Graham, A. (1969). Andrew Graham's observations on Hudson's Bay 1767\u201391. With an introduction by Richard Glover. Edited by G. Williams Hudson's Bay Record Society."},{"key":"9631_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grefenstette, G. (1999). Tokenization. In  H. Halteren (Ed.),  Syntactic wordclass tagging (pp. 117\u2013133). Springer.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-015-9273-4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9273-4"},{"key":"9631_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1892.5.2.02a00050","volume":"5","author":"GB Grinnell","year":"1892","unstructured":"Grinnell, G. B. (1892). Early Blackfoot history. American Anthropologist (old Series), 5, 153\u2013164.","journal-title":"American Anthropologist (old Series)"},{"key":"9631_CR78","volume-title":"United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1940, 1841, 1842","author":"H Hale","year":"1846","unstructured":"Hale, H. (1846). Ethnography and philology. In C. Wilkes (Ed.), United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, vol 6. Philadelphia: P. Sherman."},{"key":"9631_CR79","unstructured":"Hale, H. (1848). Vocabularies of North America. In H. Hale (Ed.), Indians of North-west America, and Vocabularies of North America, with an Introduction (pp. 88\u201394). (Transactions of the American Ethnological Society, vol. 2.) Bartlett & Welford."},{"key":"9631_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hale, H. (1886). Report on the Blackfoot Tribes. In H. Hale (Ed.), Report of the Fifty-Fifth meeting of the British Assocation for the Advancement of Science, held at Aberdeen in September 1885 (pp. 696\u2013708). London: John Murray.","DOI":"10.5479\/sil.500701.39088010692440"},{"key":"9631_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hammarstr\u00f6m, H., Forkel, R., Haspelmath, M., & Bank, S. (2021). Glottolog 4.4. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 29 June, 2021, from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4761960 (http:\/\/glottolog.org.)","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.4761960"},{"key":"9631_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11525-017-9315-x","volume":"27","author":"AG Harrigan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harrigan, A. G., Schmirler, K., Arppe, A., Antonsen, L., Trosterud, T., & Wolvengrey, A. (2017). Learning from the computational modelling of Plains Cree verbs. Morphology, 27, 565\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11525-017-9315-x","journal-title":"Morphology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9631_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2307\/1005209","volume":"12","author":"FV Hayden","year":"1863","unstructured":"Hayden, F. V. (1863). Contributions to the ethnography and philology of the Indian Tribes of the Missouri Valley. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 12(2), 231\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1005209","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Philosophical Society"},{"key":"9631_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewson, J. (1993). A computer-generated dictionary of Proto-Algonquian. (Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper no. 125). Canadian Museum of Civilization, National Museums of Canada.","DOI":"10.1353\/book65599"},{"key":"9631_CR84","unstructured":"Holterman, J. (1996). The Blackfoot Dictionary. St. Ignatius: Native Teaching Aids. [Developed with the Piegan Institute.]"},{"issue":"84","key":"9631_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-968X.1849.tb00108.x","volume":"4","author":"J Howse","year":"1849","unstructured":"Howse, J. (1849). Vocabularies of certain North American Indian Languages. Proceedings of the Philological Society, 4(84), 101\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-968X.1849.tb00108.x","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Philological Society"},{"volume-title":"Indian tribes of the Northern Rockies","year":"1989","key":"9631_CR86","unstructured":"Hungry Wolf, A., & Hungry Wolf, B. (1989). Indian tribes of the Northern Rockies. Book Publishing Company \/ Good Medicine Books."},{"key":"9631_CR88","unstructured":"Isham, J. (1949\/1743). Observations on Hudsons Bay, 1743, and Notes and observations on a book entitled A voyage to Hudsons Bay in the Dobbs Galley, 1749. Edited by E.E. Rich. (Publications of the Hudson's Bay Record Society 12.) Toronto: The Champlain Society."},{"key":"9631_CR89","unstructured":"Juneau, L. M. (2007). Small Robe band of Blackfeet: Ethnogenesis by social and religious transformation. University of Montana, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR90","unstructured":"Kaneko, I. (1999). A metrical analysis of Blackfoot nominal accent in Optimality Theory. University of British Columbia, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kazeminejad, G., Cowell, A., & Hulden, M. (2017). Creating lexical resources for polysynthetic languages\u2014The case of Arapaho. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on the Use of Computational Methods in the Study of Endangered Languages (pp. 10\u201318). Honolulu, HI: Association for Computational Linguistics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/W17-0102","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-0102"},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5334\/gjgl.289","volume":"2","author":"K Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, K., Ritter, E., Wiltschko, M., & Rullmann, H. (2017). 2 + 2 = 3: Number contrasts in Blackfoot. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 2(1), 96 (pp. 1\u201315). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gjgl.289","journal-title":"Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR93","unstructured":"Kime, P., Wemheuer, M., & Lehman, P. (2020). The biblatex Package: Programmable Bibliographies and Citations (v.3.16, December 31, 2020). Documentation for the BibLaTeX package. https:\/\/ctan.org\/pkg\/biblatex."},{"key":"9631_CR94","unstructured":"Kinsella, N. G. (1972). The vowel system of Blackfoot. University of Calgary, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR95","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Honoring our elders culturally appropriate approaches for teaching indigenous students","author":"D Kipp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kipp, D., DesRosier, J., & Miyashita, M. (2015). Memoir and insights of Darrell R. Kipp. In J. Reyhner, J. Martin, L. Lockard, & W. S. Gilbert (Eds.), Honoring our elders: culturally appropriate approaches for teaching indigenous students (pp. 1\u201314). Northern Arizona University."},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1075\/ijcl.9.1.04kno","volume":"9","author":"G Knowles","year":"2004","unstructured":"Knowles, G., & Mohd Don, Z. (2004). The notion of a \u201clemma\u201d: Headwords, roots and lexical sets. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 9(1), 69\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/ijcl.9.1.04kno","journal-title":"International Journal of Corpus Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kukutai, Tahu, & John Taylor. (2016). Data sovereignty for indigenous peoples: Current practice and future needs. In T. Kukutai, & J. Taylor (Eds.), Indigenous data sovereignty: Towards an agenda (pp. 1\u201324). Canberra: CAEPR Research Monograph, 2016\/34. Australian National University Press.","DOI":"10.22459\/CAEPR38.11.2016.01"},{"key":"9631_CR98","unstructured":"Lacombe, A. (1886). First reader in the English and Blackfoot languages, with pictures and words. Montreal: C. O. Beauchemin & Son, Booksellers and Printers."},{"key":"9631_CR99","unstructured":"Lanning, C. M. (1882). A grammar and vocabulary of the Blackfoot Language. Fort Benton, Montana Territory. Self-published."},{"issue":"28","key":"9631_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-968X.1845.tb00042.x","volume":"2","author":"RG Latham","year":"1846","unstructured":"Latham, R. G. (1846). Miscellaneous contributions to the ethnography of North America. Proceedings of the Philological Society, 2(28), 34\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-968X.1845.tb00042.x","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Philological Society"},{"key":"9631_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Richardson, C., Hatcher, R., & Prud'hommeaux, E. (2022). Not always about you: Prioritizing community needs when developing endangered language technology. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers (pp. 3933\u20133944). Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.272"},{"key":"9631_CR102","unstructured":"Louie, M. (2015). The temporal semantics of actions and circumstance in Blackfoot. University of British Columbia, PhD thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR103","unstructured":"Lowery, B. (1979). The phonological system of Blackfoot. In Contributions to Canadian linguistics (pp. 67\u201391). (National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper 50.) Ottawa: National Museums of Canada."},{"key":"9631_CR104","unstructured":"Mackenzie, A. (1789). A general history of the fur trade from Canada to the North-west."},{"key":"9631_CR105","first-page":"249","volume":"4","author":"J Maclean","year":"1896","unstructured":"Maclean, J. (1896). Social organization of the Blackfoot Indians. Transactions of the Canadian Institute, 4(8), 249\u2013260.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Canadian Institute"},{"key":"9631_CR106","first-page":"221","volume":"28","author":"T Michelson","year":"1912","unstructured":"Michelson, T. (1912). Preliminary report of the linguistic classification of Algonquian tribes. In Twenty-eighth annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1906\u20131907 (pp. 221\u2013290). Bureau of American Ethnology.","journal-title":"Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"9631_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1086\/463813","volume":"8","author":"T Michelson","year":"1935","unstructured":"Michelson, T. (1935). Phonetic shifts in Algonquian languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 8(3\/4), 131\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/463813","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR109","volume-title":"The languages of North America","author":"M Mithun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mithun, M. (1999). The languages of North America. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyashita, M. (2018). Vowel-consonant coalescence in Blackfoot. In M. Macaulay, & M. Noodin (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-Seventh Algonquian Conference (pp. 217\u2013235). Michigan State University Press.","DOI":"10.14321\/j.ctt1x76dj5.15"},{"key":"9631_CR111","first-page":"302","volume":"7","author":"M Miyashita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miyashita, M., & Chatsis, A. (2013). Collaborative development of Blackfoot language courses. Language Documentation & Conservation, 7, 302\u2013330. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/4597","journal-title":"Language Documentation & Conservation"},{"key":"9631_CR112","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Indigenous language revitalization","author":"M Miyashita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyashita, M., & Crowshoe, S. (2009). Blackfoot lullabies and language revitalization. In J. Reyhner, & L. Lockard (Eds.), Indigenous language revitalization: Encouragement, Guidance, and Lessons Learned (pp. 183\u2013190). Northern Arizona University."},{"key":"9631_CR113","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Papers of the 47th Algonquian Conference","author":"M Mizumoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mizumoto, M., & Genee, I. (2018). Blackfoot sibling terms: Representing culturally specific meanings in a Blackfoot-English bilingual dictionary. In M. Macaulay, & M. Noodin (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-seventhth Algonquian Conference (pp. 237\u2013252). Michigan State University Press."},{"issue":"5","key":"9631_CR114","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"JO Morgan","year":"1966","unstructured":"Morgan, J. O. (1966). A comparison of the transitive animate verb in eight Algonquian languages. Anthropological Linguistics, 8(5), 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Anthropological Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR115","volume-title":"Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the human family","author":"LH Morgan","year":"1871","unstructured":"Morgan, L. H. (1871). Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the human family. Smithsonian Institution."},{"key":"9631_CR116","volume-title":"Ethnographic bibliography of North America (Yale Anthropological Studies 1)","author":"GP Murdock","year":"1941","unstructured":"Murdock, G. P. (1941). Ethnographic bibliography of North America (Yale Anthropological Studies 1). Yale University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9631_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2015.0028","volume":"91","author":"W Oxford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oxford, W. (2015). Patterns of contrast in phonological change: Evidence from Algonquian vowel systems. Language, 91(2), 308\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/lan.2015.0028","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"9631_CR118","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Papers of the Seventh Algonquian Conference","author":"DH Pentland","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pentland, D. H. (1975). In Defence of Edward Umfreville. In W. Cowan (Ed.), Papers of the Seventh Algonquian Conference (pp. 62\u2013104). Carleton University."},{"key":"9631_CR119","unstructured":"Pentland, D. H. (1979). Algonquian historical phonology. University of Toronto, Ph.D. dissertation."},{"key":"9631_CR120","volume-title":"Hiatus resolution in Blackfoot","author":"N Peter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peter, N. (2014). Hiatus resolution in Blackfoot. Universit\u00e4t Bern, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR121","unstructured":"Peterson, T. (2004). Theoretical issues in the representation of the glottal stop in Blackfoot. In: L. Harper, & C. Jany (Eds.), Proceedings from the 7th Workshop on American Indigenous Languages [WAIL 7] (pp. 106\u2013121). (Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics 15). Department of Linguistics, University of California Santa Barbara."},{"key":"9631_CR122","unstructured":"Prins, S. L.. (2019). Final vowel devoicing in Blackfoot. University of Montana, MA thesis."},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1086\/466104","volume":"55","author":"P Proulx","year":"1989","unstructured":"Proulx, P. (1989). A sketch of Blackfoot historical phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics, 55(1), 43\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/466104","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR124","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"P Proulx","year":"2005","unstructured":"Proulx, P. (2005). Initial change in Blackfoot. Calgary Papers in Linguistics, 26, 1\u201326. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1880\/51466","journal-title":"Calgary Papers in Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR125","unstructured":"Ritter, E. & Rosen, S. T. (2014). Possessors as external arguments: Evidence from Blackfoot. In J. R. Valentine, & M. Macaulay (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-Second Algonquian Conference (pp. 211\u2013229). Albany, NY: State University of New York."},{"key":"9631_CR130","unstructured":"Reis Silva, M. A. (2008). Laryngeal specification in Blackfoot obstruents. Ms., Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia."},{"key":"9631_CR126","first-page":"494","volume-title":"Information respecting the history, conditions and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States","author":"H Schoolcraft","year":"1854","unstructured":"Schoolcraft, H. (1854). Miscellaneous vocabularies. Information respecting the history, condition and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States (part 2) (pp. 494\u2013505). Lippincott, Grambo & Co."},{"key":"9631_CR127","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Signposts of adventure: Glacier national park as the Indians know it","author":"JW Schultz","year":"1926","unstructured":"Schultz, J. W. (1926). Signposts of adventure: Glacier national park as the Indians know it. Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"9631_CR128","volume-title":"Blackfeet and buffalo: Memories of life among the Indians, iii\u2013384","author":"JW Schultz","year":"1962","unstructured":"Schultz, J. W. (1962). Blackfeet and buffalo: Memories of life among the Indians. University of Oklahoma Press."},{"key":"9631_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siebert Jr., F. T. (1941). Certain Proto-Algonquian consonant clusters. Language, 17(4) 298\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/409280","DOI":"10.2307\/409280"},{"key":"9631_CR131","unstructured":"Siebert, Jr., F. T. (1975). Resurrecting Virginia Algonquian from the dead: The reconstituted and historical phonology of Powhatan. In J. M. Crawford (Ed.), Studies in Southeastern Indian languages (pp. 285\u2013453). University of Georgia Press."},{"key":"9631_CR132","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Indigenous data sovereignty: Towards an agenda","author":"CM Snipp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snipp, C. M. (2016). What does data sovereignty imply: What does it look like? In T. Kukutai, & J. Taylor (Eds.), Indigenous data sovereignty: Towards an agenda (pp. 39\u201356). Australian National University Press. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1q1crgf.10"},{"key":"9631_CR133","unstructured":"Stacy, E. (2004). Phonological aspects of Blackfoot prominence. University of Calgary, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4775.001.0001","volume-title":"Morphology and computation","author":"R Sproat","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sproat, R. (1992). Morphology and computation. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press."},{"key":"9631_CR135","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2011). 2011 census in brief. Aboriginal languages in Canada. (Catalog no.98-314-X2011003.)  Statistics Canada. Retrieved February  22, 2018 from http:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2011\/as-sa\/98-314-x\/98-314-x2011003_3-eng.pdf"},{"key":"9631_CR136","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2012). 2011 census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations. (Catalogue no. 98\u2013314-XCB2011042.) Ottawa: Statistics Canada.  Retrieved February  22, 2018."},{"key":"9631_CR137","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017). Blackfoot, UNP [Designated place], Alberta and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. (Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001.) Statistics Canada. Released November 29, 2017. Retrieved 23 May, 2018, from https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/prof\/index.cfm?Lang=E."},{"key":"9631_CR138","unstructured":"Taylor, A. R. (1960). Blackfoot historical phonology: A preliminary survey. Unpublished ms. in Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, California Language Archive, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley [Haas.068.003]. http:\/\/cla.berkeley.edu\/item\/2629."},{"key":"9631_CR139","unstructured":"Taylor, A. R. (1967). Initial change in Blackfoot.  In A. D. DeBlois (Ed.), Contributions to Anthropology: Linguistics I (Algonquian), (Anthropological Series 78, Bulletin 214.), 147\u2013156. National Museum of Canada."},{"key":"9631_CR140","unstructured":"Taylor, A. (1969). A grammar of Blackfoot. University of California, Berkeley, PhD thesis."},{"issue":"3","key":"9631_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1086\/ijal.58.3.3519788","volume":"58","author":"AR Taylor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taylor, A. R. (1992). Some new old word lists. International Journal of American Linguistics, 58(3), 312\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/ijal.58.3.3519788","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR142","volume-title":"Linguistic studies of Native Canada","author":"GE Thomson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Thomson, G. E. (1978). The origin of Blackfoot geminate stops and nasals. In E.-D. Cook, & J. Kaye (Eds.), Linguistic studies of Native Canada. University of British Columbia."},{"key":"9631_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tims, J. W. (1889). Grammar and dictionary of the Blackfoot language in the dominion of Canada. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.","DOI":"10.5479\/sil.266784.39088004557849"},{"volume-title":"Original Blackfoot texts from the southern Peigans Blackfoot reservation, Teton County, Montana, with the help of Joseph Tatsey","year":"1911","key":"9631_CR145","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1911). Original Blackfoot texts from the southern Peigans Blackfoot reservation, Teton County, Montana, with the help of Joseph Tatsey. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, d. 12, no. 1.)  Johannes M\u00fcller."},{"volume-title":"A new series of Blackfoot texts from the southern Peigans Blackfoot Reservation, Teton County, Montana with the help of Joseph Tatsey, collected and pub. with an English translation","year":"1912","key":"9631_CR146","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, C. C.  (1912). A new series of Blackfoot texts from the southern Peigans Blackfoot Reservation, Teton County, Montana with the help of Joseph Tatsey, collected and published with an English translation (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, d. 13, no. 1.) Johannes M\u00fcller."},{"issue":"1","key":"9631_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1086\/463751","volume":"3","author":"CC Uhlenbeck","year":"1924","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1924). Some word-comparisons between Blackfoot and other Algonquian languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 3(1), 103\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/463751","journal-title":"International Journal of American Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR148","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1938). A concise Blackfoot grammar based on material from the Southern Peigans. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, d. 41.) N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers-Maatschappij."},{"key":"9631_CR144","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, C. C. & Van Gulik, R. H. (1930). An English-Blackfoot vocabulary based on material from the southern Peigans. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, d. 29, no. 4). Amsterdam: N.V. Noord-Hollandse Uitgevers-Maatschappij."},{"key":"9631_CR149","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, C. C. & Van Gulik, R. H. (1934). A Blackfoot-English Vocabulary: Based on Material from the Southern Peigans. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, d. 33, no. 2.)  N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers-Maatschappij."},{"key":"9631_CR150","unstructured":"Umfreville, E. (1790). The present state of Hudson's Bay: containing a full description of that settlement, and the adjacent country, and likewise of the fur trade, with hints for its improvement, & c. & c.: to which are added, remarks and observations made in the inland parts, during a residence of nearly four years, a specimen of five Indian languages, and a journal of a journey from Montreal to New York. London: Printed for Charles Stalker."},{"key":"9631_CR2","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2015). Detailed languages spoken at home and ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over for States: 2009\u20132013. Retrieved 20 February, 2018, from https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/2013\/demo\/2009-2013-lang-tables.html"},{"key":"9631_CR151","unstructured":"Van Der Mark, S. C. (2003). The phonetics of Blackfoot pitch accent. University of Calgary, MA thesis."},{"key":"9631_CR152","unstructured":"Voegelin, C. F. (1941). The position of Blackfoot among the Algonquian languages. In Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts and Letters (vol. 26, pp. 505\u2013512). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"9631_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2018.1531228","volume":"22","author":"M Walter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walter, M., & Suina, M. (2019). Indigenous data, indigenous methodologies and indigenous data sovereignty. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 22(3), 233\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13645579.2018.1531228","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology"},{"key":"9631_CR154","unstructured":"Weber, N. (2016). Accent and prosody in Blackfoot verbs.  In M. Macaulay, M. Noodin, & J. R. Valentine (Eds.), Papers of the Forty-fourth Algonquian Conference (pp. 348\u2013369). Albany, NY: State University of New York."},{"key":"9631_CR155","unstructured":"Weber, N. (2017).  Blackfoot reflexes of Proto-Algonquian clusters.  Paper, International Conference on Historical Linguistics [ICHL] 23. University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, Jul. 31\u2013Aug. 4, 2017."},{"key":"9631_CR156","unstructured":"Weber, N. (2020). Syntax, prosody, and metrical structure in Blackfoot. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia."},{"key":"9631_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weber, N. (2021). Phase-based Constraints within Match Theory. In R. Bennett, R. Bibbs, M. L. Brinkerhoff, M. J. Kaplan, S. Rich, A. Rysling, N. Van Handel, & M. W. Cavallaro (Eds.), Supplemental Proceedings of the 2020 Annual Meeting on Phonology. Linguistic Society of America. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3765\/amp.v9i0.4939","DOI":"10.3765\/amp.v9i0.4939"},{"issue":"3","key":"9631_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3390\/languages7030159","volume":"7","author":"N Weber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weber, N. (2022). Prosodic word recursion in a polysynthetic language (Blackfoot; Algonquian). Languages, 7(3), 159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/languages7030159","journal-title":"Languages"},{"key":"9631_CR159","unstructured":"Weber, N. (forthcoming). Phonological Domains in Blackfoot: Structures shared with Algonquian and the misbehavior of preverbs. Accepted to the Papers of the 52nd Algonquian Conference. Michigan State University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR160","unstructured":"Weber, N., & Miyashita, M. (forthcoming). On diphthongs and digraphs in Blackfoot. Accepted to the Papers of the 53rd Algonquian Conference. Michigan State University Press."},{"key":"9631_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weber, N., & Shaw, J. (2022). Situating Blackfoot within a typology of (mobile) boundary tone grammars. In P. Jurgec, L. Duncan, E. Elfner, Y. Kang, A. Kochetov, B. K. O'Neill, A. Ozburn, K. Rice, N. Sanders, J. Schertz, N. Shaftoe, & L. Sullivan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2021 Annual Meeting on Phonology. Linguistic Society of America. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3765\/amp.v9i0.5154","DOI":"10.3765\/amp.v9i0.5154"},{"key":"9631_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weilandt, J. (2018). Crossing boundaries. OER Commons. Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education.  Accessed 31 Dec. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3765\/amp.v9i0.5154https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/authoring\/28002-crossing-boundaries.","DOI":"10.3765\/amp.v9i0.5154"},{"key":"9631_CR163","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Report of the Fifty-Seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Manchester in August and September 1887","author":"E Wilson","year":"1887","unstructured":"Wilson, E. (1888). Report on the Blackfoot tribes. In Report of the Fifty-Seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Manchester in August and September 1887 (pp. 183\u2013197). John Murray."},{"issue":"4","key":"9631_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1515\/tlr-2015-0011","volume":"32","author":"M Wiltschko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiltschko, M., & Ritter, E. (2015). Animating the narrow syntax. The Linguistic Review, 32(4), 869\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/tlr-2015-0011","journal-title":"The Linguistic Review"},{"key":"9631_CR165","unstructured":"Windsor, J. W. (2017a). From phonology to syntax\u2014and back again: Hierarchical structure in Irish and Blackfoot. University of Calgary, Doctoral dissertation."},{"issue":"10","key":"9631_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/gjgl.229","volume":"2","author":"JW Windsor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Windsor, J. W. (2017b). Predicting prosodic structure by morphosyntactic category: A case study of Blackfoot. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 2(10),  1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gjgl.229","journal-title":"Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics"},{"key":"9631_CR167","unstructured":"Wissler, C. (1911). The social life of the Blackfoot Indians. (Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 7, part 1.) The Trustees [of the American Museum of Natural History]."}],"container-title":["Language Resources and Evaluation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09631-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09631-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09631-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T09:09:55Z","timestamp":1692436195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09631-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09631-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1574-020X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1574-0218"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}