{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:36:09Z","timestamp":1783424169716,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cluster Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-024-04923-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T10:31:57Z","timestamp":1737455517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Random cluster parallel PBFT global consensus for consistent blockchain distributed ledger"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Wassim","family":"Abbessi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofiane","family":"Ouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabeb Ben","family":"Othmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafa","family":"Badreddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Dequen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jesus, E.F., Chicarino, V.R.L., Albuquerque, C.V.N., Rocha, A.A.d.A.: A survey of how to use blockchain to secure internet of things and the stalker attack. Security and Communication Networks 2018(1), 9675050 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9675050","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9675050"},{"key":"4923_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339","volume":"4","author":"K Christidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christidis, K., Devetsikiotis, M.: Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE Access 4, 2292\u20132303 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"4923_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-020-03058-6","volume":"23","author":"U Khalid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalid, U., Asim, M., Baker, T., Hung, P.C.K., Tariq, M.A., Rafferty, L.: A decentralized lightweight blockchain-based authentication mechanism for iot systems. Cluster Computing 23(3), 2067\u20132087 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-020-03058-6","journal-title":"Cluster Computing"},{"issue":"8","key":"4923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2786307","volume":"14","author":"Z Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, Z., Kang, J., Yu, R., Ye, D., Deng, Q., Zhang, Y.: Consortium blockchain for secure energy trading in industrial internet of things. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14(8), 3690\u20133700 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2017.2786307","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"4923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.02.006","volume":"119","author":"E Bandara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bandara, E., Tosh, D., Foytik, P., Shetty, S., Ranasinghe, N., De Zoysa, K.: Tikiri\u2013towards a lightweight blockchain for iot. Future Generation Computer Systems 119, 154\u2013165 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2021.02.006","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"4923_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-3444-0","volume-title":"Beginning Blockchain: A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Building Blockchain Solutions","author":"B Singhal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singhal, B., Dhameja, G., Panda, P.S.: Beginning Blockchain: A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Building Blockchain Solutions, 1st edn. Apress, USA (2018)","edition":"1"},{"key":"4923_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan, D., Jung, L.T., Hashmani, M.A.: Systematic literature review of challenges in blockchain scalability. Applied Sciences 11(20) (2021)https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11209372","DOI":"10.3390\/app11209372"},{"key":"4923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.102098","volume":"102","author":"A Altarawneh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Altarawneh, A., Sun, F., Brooks, R.R., Hambolu, O., Yu, L., Skjellum, A.: Availability analysis of a permissioned blockchain with a lightweight consensus protocol. Computers & Security 102, 102098 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2020.102098","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"4923_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanggoro, D., Sari, R.F.: A review of lightweight blockchain technology implementation to the internet of things. In: 2019 IEEE R10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC)(47129), pp. 275\u2013280 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/R10-HTC47129.2019.9042431","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC47129.2019.9042431"},{"key":"4923_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mechkaroska, D., Dimitrova, V., Popovska-Mitrovikj, A.: Analysis of the possibilities for improvement of blockchain technology. In: 2018 26th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR), pp. 1\u20134 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TELFOR.2018.8612034","DOI":"10.1109\/TELFOR.2018.8612034"},{"issue":"1","key":"4923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08587-1","volume":"12","author":"S Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang, S., Wang, Z., Jiang, J., Ge, S., Tan, G.: Improved PBFT algorithm for high-frequency trading scenarios of alliance blockchain. Scientific Reports 12(1), 4426 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08587-1","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"4923_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yadav, J., Shevkar, R.: (2021) Performance-based analysis of blockchain scalability metric. Tehni\u010dki glasnik 15, 133\u2013142 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31803\/tg-20210205103310","DOI":"10.31803\/tg-20210205103310"},{"key":"4923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang, Y.-X., Wang, Q., Li, Q.-L., Ma, Y., Zhang, C.: Performance and reliability analysis for pbft-based blockchain systems with repairable voting nodes. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 1\u20131,(2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3384506","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3384506"},{"issue":"5","key":"4923_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3042392","volume":"32","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, W., Feng, C., Zhang, L., Xu, H., Cao, B., Imran, M.A.: A scalable multi-layer pbft consensus for blockchain. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 32(5), 1146\u20131160 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3042392","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"4923_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6476274","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6476274","volume":"2022","author":"Y He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, Y., Huang, D., Chen, L., Ni, Y., Ma, X.: A survey on zero trust architecture: Challenges and future trends. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022(1), 6476274 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6476274","journal-title":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"},{"key":"4923_CR16","unstructured":"Excellence, N.C.C.: Implementing a Zero Trust Architecture (2022). https:\/\/www.nccoe.nist.gov\/projects\/implementing-zero-trust-architecture"},{"key":"4923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ben\u00a0Othmen, R., Abbessi, W., Ouni, S., Badreddine, W., Dequen, G.: Low latency PBFT parallel consensus for IoT blockchain platform. In: 2024 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), pp. 1\u20136 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISORC61049.2024.10551353","DOI":"10.1109\/ISORC61049.2024.10551353"},{"issue":"2","key":"4923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2969706","volume":"22","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Zhang, N., Lou, W., Hou, Y.T.: A survey of distributed consensus protocols for blockchain networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 22(2), 1432\u20131465 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2020.2969706","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"4923_CR19","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system (2009)"},{"key":"4923_CR20","unstructured":"Vasin, P.: Blackcoin\u2019s proof-of-stake protocol v2 (2014). https:\/\/blackcoin.co\/blackcoin-pos-protocol-v2-whitepaper.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"4923_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2904049","volume":"15","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Wang, K., Lin, Y., Xu, W.: LightChain: A lightweight blockchain system for industrial internet of things. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15(6), 3571\u20133581 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2019.2904049","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4923_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2958077","volume":"7","author":"S Biswas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biswas, S., Sharif, K., Li, F., Maharjan, S., Mohanty, S.P., Wang, Y.: PoBT: A lightweight consensus algorithm for scalable IoT business blockchain. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7(3), 2343\u20132355 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2958077","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"4923_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uddin, M.A., Stranieri, A., Gondal, I., Balasurbramanian, V.: A lightweight blockchain based framework for underwater iot. Electronics 8(12) (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics8121552","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8121552"},{"key":"4923_CR24","unstructured":"Popov, S.: The Tangle (2016). http:\/\/www.descryptions.com\/Iota.pdf"},{"key":"4923_CR25","unstructured":"Castro, M., Liskov, B.: Practical byzantine fault tolerance. In: 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 99). USENIX Association, New Orleans, LA (1999).https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi-99\/practical-byzantine-fault-tolerance"},{"key":"4923_CR26","first-page":"911","volume":"2021","author":"G Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, G.: SoK: Understanding BFT consensus in the age of blockchains. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. 2021, 911 (2021)","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch."},{"key":"4923_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, Z., Fan, J., Zheng, Y., Luo, Y., Deng, C., Ding, J.: An extensible consensus algorithm based on pbft. In: 2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp. 17\u201323 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CyberC.2019.00013","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberC.2019.00013"},{"key":"4923_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, G., Bai, H., Xing, J., Luo, T., Xiong, N.N., Cheng, X., Liu, S., Zheng, X.: Sg-pbft: A secure and highly efficient distributed blockchain pbft consensus algorithm for intelligent internet of vehicles. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 164(C), 1\u201311 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpdc.2022.01.029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2022.01.029"},{"key":"4923_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Wu, H., Paik, H.-Y.: Dr-bft: A consensus algorithm for blockchain-based multi-layer data integrity framework in dynamic edge computing system. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 124(C), 33\u201348 (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2021.04.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.04.020"},{"key":"4923_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luo, H.: ULS-PBFT: An ultra-low storage overhead PBFT consensus for blockchain. Blockchain: Research and Applications 4(4), 100155 (2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2023.100155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2023.100155"},{"issue":"3","key":"4923_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3357770","volume":"11","author":"H Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, H., Sun, G., Yu, H., Lei, B., Guizani, M.: An energy-efficient wireless blockchain sharding scheme for pbft consensus. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 11(3), 3015\u20133027 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3357770","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"},{"key":"4923_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong, W., Dong, X., Zheng, J.: Trust-pbft: A peertrust-based practical byzantine consensus algorithm. In: 2019 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA), pp. 344\u2013349 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NaNA.2019.00066","DOI":"10.1109\/NaNA.2019.00066"},{"issue":"1","key":"4923_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15282-8","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhong, M., Cheng, T.: Research on PBFT consensus algorithm for grouping based on feature trust. Scientific Reports 12(1), 12515 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-15282-8","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"4923_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100070","volume":"2","author":"B Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, B., Peng, L., Zhao, W., Chen, N.: Workload-based randomization byzantine fault tolerance consensus protocol. High-Confidence Computing 2(3), 100070 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100070","journal-title":"High-Confidence Computing"},{"key":"4923_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lao, L., Dai, X., Xiao, B., Guo, S.: G-pbft: A location-based and scalable consensus protocol for iot-blockchain applications. In: 2020 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), pp. 664\u2013673 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IPDPS47924.2020.00074","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS47924.2020.00074"},{"key":"4923_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2024.3358990","volume":"19","author":"A Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, A., Liu, Y., Wu, Q., Zhao, B., Li, D., Lu, Y., Lu, R., Susilo, W.: Cherubim: A secure and highly parallel cross-shard consensus using quadruple pipelined two-phase commit for sharding blockchains. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 19, 3178\u20133193 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2024.3358990","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"4923_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3266628","volume":"18","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Xing, X., Cheng, H., Li, D., Guan, Z., Liu, J., Wu, Q.: A flexible sharding blockchain protocol based on cross-shard byzantine fault tolerance. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 18, 2276\u20132291 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3266628","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"4923_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duan, S., Zhang, H., Sui, X., Huang, B., Mu, C., Di, G., Wang, X.: Dashing and star: Byzantine fault tolerance with weak certificates. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Conference on Computer Systems. EuroSys \u201924, pp. 250\u2013264. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3627703.3650073 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3627703.3650073","DOI":"10.1145\/3627703.3650073"},{"key":"4923_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30274","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3153701","volume":"10","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, J., Jia, Z., Su, R., Wu, X., Qin, J.: Improved fault-tolerant consensus based on the PBFT algorithm. IEEE Access 10, 30274\u201330283 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3153701","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4923_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28712","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2901858","volume":"7","author":"E Deirmentzoglou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deirmentzoglou, E., Papakyriakopoulos, G., Patsakis, C.: A survey on long-range attacks for proof of stake protocols. IEEE Access 7, 28712\u201328725 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2901858","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4923_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Onireti, O., Zhang, L., Imran, M.A.: On the viable area of wireless practical byzantine fault tolerance (pbft) blockchain networks. In: 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1\u20136 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013778","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013778"},{"key":"4923_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng, P., Zheng, Z., Luo, X.: Park: accelerating smart contract vulnerability detection via parallel-fork symbolic execution. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. ISSTA 2022, pp. 740\u2013751. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3533767.3534395 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3533767.3534395","DOI":"10.1145\/3533767.3534395"},{"key":"4923_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Decker, C., Wattenhofer, R.: Information propagation in the bitcoin network. In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, IEEE P2P 2013, Trento, Italy, September 9-11, 2013, Proceedings, pp. 1\u201310. IEEE, ??? (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/P2P.2013.6688704","DOI":"10.1109\/P2P.2013.6688704"},{"key":"4923_CR44","unstructured":"Chakrabarty, D.: Latest Definition of Probability: Link with Its Earlier Definitions. (2021)https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.32880.58886"},{"key":"4923_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riley, G.F., Henderson, T.R.: The ns-3 Network Simulator, pp. 15\u201334. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-12331-3_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12331-3_2"},{"key":"4923_CR46","unstructured":"Ben\u00a0Othmen, R., Abbessi, W., Ouni, S., Badreddine, W., Dequen, G.: PBFT and RC-PBFT implementation code on NS3 (2024). https:\/\/github.com\/sofianeouni\/PBFT-RCPBFT-blockchain"}],"container-title":["Cluster Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10586-024-04923-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10586-024-04923-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10586-024-04923-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T21:52:56Z","timestamp":1747777976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10586-024-04923-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-024-04923-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-7857","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"187"}}