{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T16:25:59Z","timestamp":1784391959689,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cluster Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-025-05466-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T19:07:05Z","timestamp":1755630425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A decentralized blockchain based privacy preservation scheme for healthcare data security enhancement in cloud"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Narendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupak","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Tomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5466_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205190","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3036812","volume":"8","author":"CVB Murthy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murthy, C.V.B., Shri, M.L., Kadry, S., Lim, S.: Blockchain based cloud computing: Architecture and research challenges. IEEE Access 8, 205190\u2013205205 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"5466_CR2","first-page":"46","volume":"13","author":"N Saranya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saranya, N., Sakthivadivel, M., Karthikeyan, G., Rajkumar, R.: Securing the cloud: an empirical study on best practices for ensuring data privacy and protection. Int. J. Eng. Manag. Res. 13(2), 46\u201349 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Manag. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/fi14010011","volume":"14","author":"YS Abdulsalam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdulsalam, Y.S., Hedabou, M.: Security and privacy in cloud computing: technical review. Future Internet 14(1), 11 (2021)","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"issue":"2","key":"5466_CR4","first-page":"1280","volume":"19","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, J., Susilo, W., Guo, F., Wu, G., Zhao, Z., Huang, Q.: An anonymous authentication system for pay-as-you-go cloud computing $^* $. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput. 19(2), 1280\u20131291 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput."},{"key":"5466_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mushtaq, M. S., Mushtaq, M. Y., Iqbal, M. W., Hussain, S. A.: Security, integrity, and privacy of cloud computing and big data. In\u00a0Security and privacy trends in cloud computing and big data\u00a019\u201351. CRC Press (2022).","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003107286-2"},{"key":"5466_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131723","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009876","volume":"8","author":"P Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, P., Xiong, N., Ren, J.: Data security and privacy protection for cloud storage: A survey. IEEE Access 8, 131723\u2013131740 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"5466_CR7","first-page":"1867","volume":"13","author":"Y Alemami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alemami, Y., Al-Ghonmein, A.M., Al-Moghrabi, K.G., Mohamed, M.A.: Cloud data security and various cryptographic algorithms. Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 13(2), 1867 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"5466_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.12928\/telkomnika.v20i6.24231","volume":"20","author":"V Goel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goel, V., Aggarwal, M., Gupta, A.K., Kumar, N.: A blockchain-based Aadhar system: distributed authentication system. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 20(6), 1239\u20131247 (2022)","journal-title":"TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5466_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-020-03157-4","volume":"24","author":"M Tahir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tahir, M., Sardaraz, M., Mehmood, Z., Muhammad, S.: CryptoGA: a cryptosystem based on genetic algorithm for cloud data security. Clust. Comput. 24(2), 739\u2013752 (2021)","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"5466_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dharangan, B., Praveen, J., Rajagopal, S., Jegajothi, B.: Secure cloud-based E-health system using advanced encryption standard. In\u00a02022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) 642\u2013646 (2022). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICESC54411.2022.9885501"},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3390\/app14010120","volume":"14","author":"CL Stergiou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stergiou, C.L., Plageras, A.P., Memos, V.A., Koidou, M.P., Psannis, K.E.: Secure Monitoring System for IoT Healthcare Data in the Cloud. Appl. Sci. 14(1), 120 (2023)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"5466_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14338-9","volume":"82","author":"AE Adeniyi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adeniyi, A.E., Abiodun, K.M., Awotunde, J.B., Olagunju, M., Ojo, O.S., Edet, N.P.: Implementation of a block cipher algorithm for medical information security on cloud environment: using modified advanced encryption standard approach. Multimedia Tools Appl. 82(13), 20537\u201320551 (2023)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"5466_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3453176","volume":"2","author":"AI Newaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newaz, A.I., Sikder, A.K., Rahman, M.A., Uluagac, A.S.: A survey on security and privacy issues in modern healthcare systems: Attacks and defenses. ACM Trans. Comput. Healthcare 2(3), 1\u201344 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput. Healthcare"},{"key":"5466_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137353","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3117733","volume":"9","author":"R Awadallah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Awadallah, R., Samsudin, A.: Using blockchain in cloud computing to enhance relational database security. IEEE Access 9, 137353\u2013137366 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5466_CR15","first-page":"2653","volume":"37","author":"P Velmurugadass","year":"2021","unstructured":"Velmurugadass, P., Dhanasekaran, S., Anand, S.S., Vasudevan, V.: Enhancing Blockchain security in cloud computing with IoT environment using ECIES and cryptography hash algorithm. Mater. Today 37, 2653\u20132659 (2021)","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"5466_CR16","first-page":"2104","volume":"5","author":"S Kanungo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanungo, S.: Blockchain-Based approaches for enhancing trust and security in cloud environments. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Technol. 5(4), 2104\u20132111 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"5466_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"DH Tahayur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tahayur, D.H., Al-Zubaidie, M.: Enhancing electronic agriculture data security with a blockchain-based search method and e-signatures. Mesopotamian J. Cyber Secur. 4(3), 1\u201321 (2024)","journal-title":"Mesopotamian J. Cyber Secur."},{"issue":"7","key":"5466_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-024-03239-9","volume":"5","author":"WA Jebbar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jebbar, W.A., Al-Zubaidie, M.: Transaction-based blockchain systems security improvement employing micro-segmentation controlled by smart contracts and detection of saddle Goatfish. SN Comput. Sci. 5(7), 898 (2024)","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17040-y","volume":"83","author":"P Shrivastava","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shrivastava, P., Alam, B., Alam, M.: A hybrid lightweight blockchain based encryption scheme for security enhancement in cloud computing. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(1), 2683\u20132702 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"16","key":"5466_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17365-8","volume":"83","author":"S Pandey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pandey, S., Behl, R., Sinha, A.: Decentralized blockchain-based security enhancement with lamport merkle digital signature generation and optimized encryption in cloud environment. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(16), 47269\u201347293 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"5466_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pillai, S. E. V. S., Polimetla, K.: Enhancing Network Privacy through Secure Multi-Party Computation in Cloud Environments. In\u00a02024 International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS) 1\u20136 (2024). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICACS60521.2024.10498662"},{"key":"5466_CR22","unstructured":"Scientific, L. L.: Enhancing Cloud Security Based On The Kyber Key Encapsulation Mechanism.\u00a0Journal Of Theoretical And Applied Information Technology\u00a0102(4) (2024)."},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/0952813X.2022.2135611","volume":"36","author":"G Verma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Verma, G.: Blockchain-based privacy preservation framework for healthcare data in cloud environment. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 36(1), 147\u2013160 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"21","key":"5466_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17941-y","volume":"83","author":"I Masood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masood, I., Daud, A., Wang, Y., Banjar, A., Alharbey, R.: A blockchain-based system for patient data privacy and security. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(21), 60443\u201360467 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR25","first-page":"8168075","volume":"2023","author":"N Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Goel, V., Ranjan, R., Altuwairiqi, M., Alyami, H., Asakipaam, S.A.: A blockchain-oriented framework for cloud-assisted system to countermeasure phishing for establishing secure smart city. Secur. Commun. Netw. 2023(1), 8168075 (2023)","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"5466_CR26","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/ritwikb3\/heart-disease-cleveland"},{"key":"5466_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.10.569","volume":"227","author":"EK Heru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heru, E.K., Pranoto, H.: File encryption application using Menezes-Vanstone elliptic curve cryptography based on python. Proc. Comput. Sci. 227, 651\u2013658 (2023)","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199951","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2023.2199951","volume":"35","author":"W Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, W., He, Y., Wang, X., Duan, Z., Liang, W., Liu, Y.: BFG: privacy protection framework for internet of medical things based on blockchain and federated learning. Connect. Sci. 35(1), 2199951 (2023)","journal-title":"Connect. Sci."},{"key":"5466_CR29","first-page":"120","volume":"5","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y.: Data structure and privacy protection analysis in big data environment based on blockchain technology. Int. J. Intell. Netw. 5, 120\u2013132 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Netw."},{"issue":"16","key":"5466_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17576-z","volume":"83","author":"A Aljabri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aljabri, A., Jemili, F., Korbaa, O.: Intrusion detection in cyber-physical system using rsa blockchain technology. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(16), 48119\u201348140 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"5466_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakor, M. Y., Khaleel, M. I., Safran, M., Alfarhood, S., Zhu, M.: Dynamic AES Encryption and Blockchain Key Management: A Novel Solution for Cloud Data Security.\u00a0IEEE Access (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3351119"},{"key":"5466_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Yan, B., Chai, B., Shen, R., Dong, A., Yu, J.: EBIAS: ECC-enabled blockchain-based identity authentication scheme for IoT device.\u00a0High-Confidence Computing 100240 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2024.100240"},{"issue":"7","key":"5466_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4502","volume":"33","author":"DP Rajan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajan, D.P., Premalatha, J., Velliangiri, S., Karthikeyan, P.: Blockchain enabled joint trust (MF-WWO-WO) algorithm for clustered-based energy efficient routing protocol in wireless sensor network. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol. 33(7), e4502 (2022)","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"5466_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sethi, P., Nguyen, T., Chowdhury, M. R., Pirttikangas, S., da Silva, A. P.: Fair Consensus in Blockchain with Heterogeneous Miners using Reinforcement Learning aided Adaptive Proof-of-Work. In\u00a02024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) 937\u2013942. (2024). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC51664.2024.10454844"},{"key":"5466_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazir, A., Singh, M., Destefanis, G., Memon, J., Neykova, R., Kassab, M., Tonelli, R.: An optimized concurrent proof of authority consensus protocol. In\u00a02023 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER) 874\u2013877 (2023). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER56733.2023.00105"},{"key":"5466_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisheh-Niasar, M., Azarderakhsh, R., Mozaffari-Kermani, M.: Cryptographic accelerators for digital signature based on Ed25519.\u00a0IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems\u00a029(7), 1297\u20131305 (2021).","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2021.3077885"},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/19361610.2019.1690350","volume":"16","author":"SC Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta, S.C., Sanghi, M.: Matrix modification of RSA digital signature scheme. Journal of Applied Security Research 16(1), 63\u201370 (2021)","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Security Research"},{"key":"5466_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brendel, J., Cremers, C., Jackson, D., Zhao, M.: The provable security of ed25519: theory and practice. In\u00a02021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) 1659\u20131676. (2021) IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00042"},{"key":"5466_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gro\u00dfsch\u00e4dl, J., Franck, C., Liu, Z.: Lightweight eddsa signature verification for the ultra-low-power internet of things. In\u00a0Information Security Practice and Experience: 16th International Conference, ISPEC 2021, Nanjing, China, December 17\u201319, 2021, Proceedings 16,\u00a0263\u2013282 (2021). Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93206-0_16"},{"key":"5466_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2022.103708","volume":"85","author":"YN Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, Y.N., Wang, Y., Ding, Y., Guo, Z., Wu, Q., Liang, H.: Blockchain-empowered security and privacy protection technologies for smart grid. Computer Standards & Interfaces 85, 103708 (2023)","journal-title":"Computer Standards & Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"5466_CR41","first-page":"2558469","volume":"2023","author":"W Rafique","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rafique, W., Khan, M., Khan, S., Ally, J.S.: Securemed: A blockchain-based privacy-preserving framework for internet of medical things. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2023(1), 2558469 (2023)","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."}],"container-title":["Cluster Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05466-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05466-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05466-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T19:07:31Z","timestamp":1757963251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05466-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05466-y","relation":{"is-referenced-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10791-025-09827-4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-7857","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the authors involved have agreed to participate in this submitted article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors involved in this manuscript give full consent for publication of this submitted article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"546"}}