{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:55:35Z","timestamp":1783788935965,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cluster Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Computation offloading involves transferring computation to resourceful nodes to overcome resource limitations, particularly within the emerging federated edge-to-cloud computing infrastructures. The growth of IoT applications has hugely increased the need for effective and decentralised offloading strategies considering the highly dynamic and dispersed edge-to-cloud compute continuum. Recently, researchers have used various implementation techniques\u2014ranging from rule-based systems, heuristic, and machine learning-based intelligence\u2014to investigate issues related to offloading, including edge computing, fog computing, and edge-to-cloud compute continuum. Although several review papers are available that provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research works on computation offloading, most surveys have largely overlooked the specific challenges and characteristics of federated and distributed edge-to-cloud execution models. In contrast, this paper aims to compile and synthesise computation offloading research with a specific focus on the federated edge-to-cloud ecosystem and distributed execution solutions. We first propose a detailed taxonomy focused on the decentralisation aspect and federated coordination. This taxonomy is then used as a unified framework to critically review the existing research landscape. Finally, we identify and discuss the key challenges that require further attention, providing insights to guide future developments in distributed, federated offloading systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-025-05577-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T20:07:04Z","timestamp":1758312424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Computation offloading in the edge-to-cloud compute continuum: a survey of federated architectural solutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jaber","family":"Pournazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Dubai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-021-09589-5","volume":"19","author":"A Ullah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ullah, A., Dagdeviren, H., Ariyattu, R.C., DesLauriers, J., Kiss, T., Bowden, J.: MiCADO-Edge: Towards an Application-level Orchestrator for the Cloud-to-Edge Computing Continuum. J. Grid Comput. 19(4), 1\u201328 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR2","first-page":"36","volume":"1934\u20132018","author":"IS Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"Association, I.S., et al.: Ieee standard for adoption of openfog reference architecture for fog computing. IEEE Std 1934\u20132018, 36 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Std"},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2021.3050613","volume":"25","author":"D Kimovski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kimovski, D., Math\u00e1, R., Hammer, J., Mehran, N., Hellwagner, H., Prodan, R.: Cloud, fog, or edge: Where to compute? IEEE Internet Computing 25(4), 30\u201336 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Computing"},{"key":"5577_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-5142-y","volume":"99","author":"J Pournazari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pournazari, J., Alaei, M., Yazdanpanah, F.: An energy efficient autonomous method for coverage optimization in wireless multimedia sensor networks. Wire. Pers. Commun. 99, 717\u2013736 (2018)","journal-title":"Wire. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"5577_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131876","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3229185","volume":"10","author":"S Moreschini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moreschini, S., Pecorelli, F., Li, X., Naz, S., H\u00e4stbacka, D., Taibi, D.: Cloud continuum: the definition. IEEE Access 10, 131876\u2013131886 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5577_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nashaat, H., Hashem, W., Rizk, R., Attia, R.: Drl-based distributed task offloading framework in edge-cloud environment. IEEE Access (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3371993"},{"issue":"8","key":"5577_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-024-04442-2","volume":"27","author":"N Khaledian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khaledian, N., Voelp, M., Azizi, S., Shirvani, M.H.: Ai-based & heuristic workflow scheduling in cloud and fog computing: a systematic review. Cluster Computing 27(8), 10265\u201310298 (2024)","journal-title":"Cluster Computing"},{"key":"5577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109476","volume":"220","author":"A Robles-Enciso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robles-Enciso, A., Skarmeta, A.F.: A multi-layer guided reinforcement learning-based tasks offloading in edge computing. Computer Networks 220, 109476 (2023)","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"5577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asheralieva, A., Niyato, D., Wei, X.: Efficient distributed edge computing for dependent delay-sensitive tasks in multi-operator multi-access networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2024.3468892"},{"key":"5577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101375","volume":"28","author":"HV Marisetty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marisetty, H.V., Fatima, N., Gupta, M., Saxena, P.: Relationship between resource scheduling and distributed learning in iot edge computing-an insight into complementary aspects, existing research and future directions. Internet of Things 28, 101375 (2024)","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"5577_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108177","volume":"195","author":"F Saeik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saeik, F., Avgeris, M., Spatharakis, D., Santi, N., Dechouniotis, D., Violos, J., Leivadeas, A., Athanasopoulos, N., Mitton, N., Papavassiliou, S.: Task offloading in edge and cloud computing: A survey on mathematical, artificial intelligence and control theory solutions. Comput. Netw. 195, 108177 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yang, C., Lan, S., Zhu, L., Zhang, Y.: End-edge-cloud collaborative computing for deep learning: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3393230"},{"key":"5577_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, T., Wan, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, C., Jia, G.: A survey of computation offloading in edge computing. In: 2020 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS), pp. 1\u20136 (2020). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CITS49457.2020.9232457"},{"key":"5577_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadatdiynov, K., Cui, L., Zhang, L., Huang, J.Z., Salloum, S., Mahmud, M.S.: A review of optimization methods for computation offloading in edge computing networks. Digital Communications and Networks (2022)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2022.03.003"},{"key":"5577_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102781","volume":"169","author":"H Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, H., Zeadally, S., Chen, Z., Labiod, H., Wang, L.: A survey on computation offloading modeling for edge computing. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 169, 102781 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"5577_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2022.103366","volume":"202","author":"C Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng, C., Han, P., Zhang, X., Yang, B., Liu, Y., Guo, L.: Computation offloading in mobile edge computing networks: A survey. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 202, 103366 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"5577_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2023.100616","volume":"51","author":"A Asghari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asghari, A., Sohrabi, M.K.: Server placement in mobile cloud computing: A comprehensive survey for edge computing, fog computing and cloudlet. Comput. Sci. Rev. 51, 100616 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"5577_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110791","author":"S Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong, S., Tang, J., Abbas, K., Hou, R., Kamruzzaman, J., Rutkowski, L., Buyya, R.: Task offloading strategies for mobile edge computing A survey. Comput. Netw. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110791","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR19","first-page":"372","volume":"213","author":"F Hawlader","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hawlader, F., Robinet, F., Frank, R.: Leveraging the edge and cloud for v2x-based real-time object detection in autonomous driving. Comput.\u00a0Commun. 213, 372\u2013381 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput.\u00a0Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2016.11.002","volume":"14","author":"K Akherfi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akherfi, K., Gerndt, M., Harroud, H.: Mobile cloud computing for computation offloading: Issues and challenges. Appl. Comput. Inform. 14(1), 1\u201316 (2018)","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inform."},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-021-03376-3","volume":"25","author":"E Mustafa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mustafa, E., Shuja, J., Zaman, S.K., Jehangiri, A.I., Din, S., Rehman, F., Mustafa, S., Maqsood, T., Khan, A.N.: Joint wireless power transfer and task offloading in mobile edge computing: a survey. Clust. Comput. 25(4), 2429\u20132448 (2022)","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2021.101342","volume":"72","author":"P Pradeep","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pradeep, P., Krishnamoorthy, S., Vasilakos, A.V.: A holistic approach to a context-aware iot ecosystem with adaptive ubiquitous middleware. Pervasive and Mobile Computing 72, 101342 (2021)","journal-title":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing"},{"key":"5577_CR23","unstructured":"Tkachuk, R.-V.: Towards decentralized orchestration of next-generation cloud infrastructures. PhD thesis, Blekinge Tekniska H\u00f6gskola (2021)"},{"key":"5577_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-020-09530-2","volume":"18","author":"A Shakarami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shakarami, A., Ghobaei-Arani, M., Masdari, M., Hosseinzadeh, M.: A survey on the computation offloading approaches in mobile edge\/cloud computing environment: a stochastic-based perspective. J. Grid Comput. 18, 639\u2013671 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2024.100656","volume":"53","author":"P Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng, P., Lin, W., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Peng, S., Wu, Q., Li, K.: A survey on computation offloading in edge systems: From the perspective of deep reinforcement learning approaches. Comput. Sci. Rev. 53, 100656 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"5577_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kar, B., Yahya, W., Lin, Y.-D., Ali, A.: Offloading using traditional optimization and machine learning in federated cloud-edge-fog systems: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3239579"},{"key":"5577_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107496","volume":"182","author":"A Shakarami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shakarami, A., Ghobaei-Arani, M., Shahidinejad, A.: A survey on the computation offloading approaches in mobile edge computing: A machine learning-based perspective. Comput. Netw. 182, 107496 (2020)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, M., Huynh-The, T., Do-Duy, T., Vu, T.-H., Hwang, W.-J., Pham, Q.-V.: Applications of distributed machine learning for the internet-of-things: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3427324"},{"key":"5577_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaman, S.K.u., Jehangiri, A.I., Maqsood, T., Ahmad, Z., Umar, A.I., Shuja, J., Alanazi, E., Alasmary, W.: Mobility-aware computational offloading in mobile edge networks: a survey. Cluster Computing, 1\u201322 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-021-03268-6"},{"key":"5577_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799546","volume":"6","author":"H Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Wang, H., Li, X., Leung, V.C.: A survey on mobile data offloading technologies. IEEE access 6, 5101\u20135111 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE access"},{"key":"5577_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131543","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2938660","volume":"7","author":"C Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang, C., Cheng, X., Gao, H., Zhou, X., Wan, J.: Toward computation offloading in edge computing: A survey. IEEE Access 7, 131543\u2013131558 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"5577_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-10021-2","volume":"31","author":"A Mahapatra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahapatra, A., Mishra, K., Pradhan, R., Majhi, S.K.: Next generation task offloading techniques in evolving computing paradigms: Comparative analysis, current challenges, and future research perspectives. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 31(3), 1405\u20131474 (2024)","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"5577_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109137","volume":"214","author":"N Kumari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumari, N., Yadav, A., Jana, P.K.: Task offloading in fog computing: A survey of algorithms and optimization techniques. Comput. Netw. 214, 109137 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198214","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3033828","volume":"8","author":"Computation offloading for vehicular environments","year":"2020","unstructured":"Computation offloading for vehicular environments: De Souza, A.B., Rego, P.A., Carneiro, T., Rodrigues, J.D.C., Reboucas Filho, P.P., De Souza, J.N., Chamola, V., De Albuquerque, V.H.C., Sikdar, B. A survey. IEEE Access 8, 198214\u2013198243 (2020)","journal-title":"A survey. IEEE Access"},{"key":"5577_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186080","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3029649","volume":"8","author":"B Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, B., Wang, C., Huang, W., Song, Y., Qin, X.: A survey and taxonomy on task offloading for edge-cloud computing. IEEE Access 8, 186080\u2013186101 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5577_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.05.001","volume":"159","author":"Q-H Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen, Q.-H., Dressler, F.: A smartphone perspective on computation offloading-a survey. Comput. Commun. 159, 133\u2013154 (2020)","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"5577_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","volume":"88","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J.M., Akl, E.A., Brennan, S.E.: The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int.\u00a0J. Surg. 88, 105906 (2021)","journal-title":"Int.\u00a0J. Surg."},{"key":"5577_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.100777","volume":"7","author":"W Mengist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mengist, W., Soromessa, T., Legese, G.: Method for conducting systematic literature review and meta-analysis for environmental science research. MethodsX 7, 100777 (2020)","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"issue":"22","key":"5577_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9003","DOI":"10.3390\/s22229003","volume":"22","author":"P Trakadas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trakadas, P., Masip-Bruin, X., Facca, F.M., Spantideas, S.T., Giannopoulos, A.E., Kapsalis, N.C., Martins, R., Bosani, E., Ramon, J., Prats, R.G.: A reference architecture for cloud-edge meta-operating systems enabling cross-domain, data-intensive, ml-assisted applications: Architectural overview and key concepts. Sensors 22(22), 9003 (2022)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-020-09514-2","volume":"18","author":"M Farhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farhang, M., Safi-Esfahani, F.: Recognizing mapreduce straggler tasks in big data infrastructures using artificial neural networks. J. Grid Comput. 18(4), 879\u2013901 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.08.022","volume":"150","author":"J Bader","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bader, J., Lehmann, F., Thamsen, L., Leser, U., Kao, O.: Lotaru: Locally predicting workflow task runtimes for resource management on heterogeneous infrastructures. Future Generation Comp. Sys. 150, 171\u2013185 (2024)","journal-title":"Future Generation Comp. Sys."},{"key":"5577_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, K., Yang, Y., Wang, S., Xiao, P., Leung, V.C.: Reliability-aware proactive offloading in mobile edge computing using stackelberg game approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3354700"},{"key":"5577_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, B., Zhao, H., Wang, L., Qian, W., Yin, Y., Deng, S.: Decentralized proactive model offloading and resource allocation for split and federated learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.06123 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3519678"},{"key":"5577_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zilic, J., De Maio, V., Aral, A., Brandic, I.: Edge offloading for microservice architectures, 1\u20136 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3517206.3526266"},{"issue":"8","key":"5577_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.02.113","volume":"38","author":"N-B Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang, N.-B., Pongsanone, N.P., Ernest, A.: Comparisons between a rule-based expert system and optimization models for sensor deployment in a small drinking water network. Exp. Syst. Appl. 38(8), 10685\u201310695 (2011)","journal-title":"Exp. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"5577_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Liu, Y.: Research on the intelligent orchestration system of cloud network based on onap. In: 2023 2nd International Conference on Big Data, Information and Computer Network (BDICN), pp. 280\u2013283 (2023). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/BDICN58493.2023.00065"},{"key":"5577_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulazeez, D.H., Askar, S.K.: Offloading mechanisms based on reinforcement learning and deep learning algorithms in the fog computing environment: A comprehensive review. IEEE Access (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3241881"},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.32604\/cmes.2022.021394","volume":"134","author":"A Acheampong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Acheampong, A., Zhang, Y., Xu, X., Kumah, D.A.: A review of the current task offloading algorithms, strategies and approach in edge computing systems. CMES 134(1), 35\u201388 (2023)","journal-title":"CMES"},{"key":"5577_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pournazari, J., Alaei, M., Yazdanpanah, F.: A method for coverage optimization in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In: 2016 Eighth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology (IKT), pp. 128\u2013133 (2016). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IKT.2016.7777751"},{"key":"5577_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, K., Zhang, H., Zhao, B., Liu, P.: Edge-cloud collaborative computation offloading for federated learning in smart city. In: 2022 IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC\/PiCom\/CBDCom\/CyberSciTech), pp. 1\u20137 (2022). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC\/PiCom\/CBDCom\/Cy55231.2022.9927848"},{"key":"5577_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.07.013","volume":"120","author":"P Asghari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asghari, P., Rahmani, A.M., Javadi, H.H.S.: Service composition approaches in iot: A systematic review. J. Netw. Compu. Appl. 120, 61\u201377 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Compu. Appl."},{"key":"5577_CR52","unstructured":"Mohammadabadi, S.M.S., Yang, L., Yan, F., Zhang, J.: Communication-efficient training workload balancing for decentralized multi-agent learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.00839 (2024)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-024-00640-w","volume":"13","author":"A Lakhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lakhan, A., Gr\u00f8nli, T.-M., Bellavista, P., Memon, S., Alharby, M., Thinnukool, O.: Iot workload offloading efficient intelligent transport system in federated acnn integrated cooperated edge-cloud networks. J. Cloud Comput. 13(1), 79 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Cloud Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2022.3193073","volume":"31","author":"X Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin, X., Li, B., Ying, L.: Efficient distributed threshold-based offloading for large-scale mobile cloud computing. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 31(1), 308\u2013321 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, X., Xie, Q., Li, B.: Distributed threshold-based offloading for heterogeneous mobile edge computing. In: 2023 IEEE 43rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 202\u2013213 (2023). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS57875.2023.00024"},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-022-01119-9","volume":"106","author":"S Mittal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mittal, S., Dudeja, R.K., Bali, R.S., Aujla, G.S.: A distributed task orchestration scheme in collaborative vehicular cloud edge networks. Computing 106(4), 1151\u20131175 (2024)","journal-title":"Computing"},{"issue":"6","key":"5577_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2876941","volume":"26","author":"L Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang, L., Zhang, H., Li, X., Ji, H., Leung, V.C.: A distributed computation offloading strategy in small-cell networks integrated with mobile edge computing. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 26(6), 2762\u20132773 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"issue":"15","key":"5577_CR58","first-page":"12311","volume":"8","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Tian, D., Sheng, Z., Duan, X., Shen, X.: Distributed task offloading optimization with queueing dynamics in multiagent mobile-edge computing networks. IEEE IoT. J. 8(15), 12311\u201312328 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"5577_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2659498","volume":"35","author":"H Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, H., An, B., Niyato, D., Soh, Y.C., Miao, C.: Workload factoring and resource sharing via joint vertical and horizontal cloud federation networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 35(3), 557\u2013570 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3597023","volume":"23","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zhao, J., Hu, J., Wan, S., Huang, J.: Distributed task offloading and resource purchasing in noma-enabled mobile edge computing: Hierarchical game theoretical approaches. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 23(1), 1\u201328 (2024)","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"},{"key":"5577_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-021-02776-y","volume":"27","author":"C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, C., Cai, Q., Luo, Y.: Multi-edge collaborative offloading and energy threshold-based task migration in mobile edge computing environment. Wire. Netw. 27, 4903\u20134928 (2021)","journal-title":"Wire. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2019.02.001","volume":"94","author":"W Tang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tang, W., Zhao, X., Rafique, W., Qi, L., Dou, W., Ni, Q.: An offloading method using decentralized p2p-enabled mobile edge servers in edge computing. J. Sys. Arch. 94, 1\u201313 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Sys. Arch."},{"key":"5577_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.110101","volume":"238","author":"I Al-hammadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-hammadi, I., Li, M., Islam, S.M., Al-Mosharea, E.: Collaborative computation offloading for scheduling emergency tasks in sdn-based mobile edge computing networks. Comput. Netw. 238, 110101 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.12.021","volume":"117","author":"L-A Phan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phan, L.-A., Nguyen, D.-T., Lee, M., Park, D.-H., Kim, T.: Dynamic fog-to-fog offloading in sdn-based fog computing systems. Future Generation Comput. Sys. 117, 486\u2013497 (2021)","journal-title":"Future Generation Comput. Sys."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-024-00663-3","volume":"13","author":"H Sulimani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sulimani, H., Sulimani, R., Ramezani, F., Naderpour, M., Huo, H., Jan, T., Prasad, M.: Hyboff: a hybrid offloading approach to improve load balancing in fog environments. J. Cloud Comput. 13(1), 113 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Cloud Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"5577_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102308","volume":"57","author":"C Esposito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Esposito, C., Tamburis, O., Su, X., Choi, C.: Robust decentralised trust management for the internet of things by using game theory. Inf. Process. Manag. 57(6), 102308 (2020)","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"5577_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Sun, S., Chen, H., Ruan, J., Wang, Z.: A game theoretic approach to task offloading for multi-data-source tasks in mobile edge computing. In: 2021 IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel & Distributed Processing with Applications, Big Data & Cloud Computing, Sustainable Computing & Communications, Social Computing & Networking (ISPA\/BDCloud\/SocialCom\/SustainCom), pp. 776\u2013784 (2021). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA-BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom52081.2021.00111"},{"key":"5577_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCS.2021.3100870","volume":"2","author":"R Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, R., Cui, L., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Yao, K., Yang, Y., Yao, C.: Joint computation offloading, channel access and scheduling optimization in uav swarms: A game-theoretic learning approach. IEEE Open J. Comput. Soc. 2, 308\u2013320 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Comput. Soc."},{"key":"5577_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mensah, R.N., Zhiyuan, L., Okine, A.A., Adeke, J.M.: A game-theoretic approach to computation offloading in software-defined d2d-enabled vehicular networks, 34\u201338 (2021). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC51749.2021.9441652"},{"issue":"2","key":"5577_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2022.3168694","volume":"8","author":"T Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang, T., Wu, D., Chen, J., Liu, D.: Cooperative task offloading and content delivery for heterogeneous demands: A matching game-theoretic approach. IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw. 8(2), 1092\u20131103 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"5577_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wakgra, F.G., Kar, B., Tadele, S.B., Shen, S.-H., Khan, A.U.: Multi-objective offloading optimization in mec and vehicular-fog systems: A distributed-td3 approach. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC52391.2025.11161089"},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR72","first-page":"3774","volume":"8","author":"J Bi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bi, J., Yuan, H., Duanmu, S., Zhou, M., Abusorrah, A.: Energy-optimized partial computation offloading in mobile-edge computing with genetic simulated-annealing-based particle swarm optimization. IEEE IoT J. 8(5), 3774\u20133785 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2021.04.122","volume":"53","author":"J Bi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bi, J., Yuan, H., Duanmu, S.: Energy-efficient task offloading using hybrid particle swarm optimization with genetic operations in smart edge. IFAC-PapersOnLine 53(5), 19\u201324 (2020)","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"issue":"10","key":"5577_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.2994138","volume":"20","author":"H Ko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko, H., Pack, S.: Distributed device-to-device offloading system: Design and performance optimization. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 20(10), 2949\u20132960 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"5577_CR75","first-page":"8744","volume":"10","author":"J Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, J., Ko, H.: Neighbor-aware distributed task offloading algorithm in energy-harvesting internet of things. IEEE IoT J. 10(10), 8744\u20138753 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4472","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2978027","volume":"69","author":"U Saleem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saleem, U., Liu, Y., Jangsher, S., Tao, X., Li, Y.: Latency minimization for d2d-enabled partial computation offloading in mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 69(4), 4472\u20134486 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"5577_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16183459","volume":"16","author":"R Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Yang, Y., Li, H.: A distributed deadlock-free task offloading algorithm for integrated communication-sensing-computing satellites with data-dependent constraints. Remote Sens. 16(18), 3459 (2024)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"5577_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52968","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979248","volume":"8","author":"S Iqbal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iqbal, S., Malik, A.W., Rahman, A.U., Noor, R.M.: Blockchain-based reputation management for task offloading in micro-level vehicular fog network. IEEE Access 8, 52968\u201352980 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5577_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191551","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3032735","volume":"8","author":"H Baek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baek, H., Ko, H., Pack, S.: Privacy-preserving and trustworthy device-to-device (d2d) offloading scheme. IEEE Access 8, 191551\u2013191560 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"5577_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2021.3123535","volume":"33","author":"S Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yue, S., Ren, J., Qiao, N., Zhang, Y., Jiang, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y.: Todg: Distributed task offloading with delay guarantees for edge computing. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 33(7), 1650\u20131665 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"5577_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020660","volume":"22","author":"M Avgeris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Avgeris, M., Spatharakis, D., Dechouniotis, D., Leivadeas, A., Karyotis, V., Papavassiliou, S.: Enerdge: Distributed energy-aware resource allocation at the edge. Sensors 22(2), 660 (2022)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"5577_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.111227","volume":"187","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, C., Liu, J., Wang, M., Luo, Y.: Fault-tolerant scheduling and data placement for scientific workflow processing in geo-distributed clouds. J. Syst.\u00a0Softw 187, 111227 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Syst.\u00a0Softw"},{"key":"5577_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108523","volume":"200","author":"Y Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su, Y., Fan, W., Liu, Y., Wu, F.: Game-based distributed pricing and task offloading in multi-cloud and multi-edge environments. Comput. Netw. 200, 108523 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"issue":"12","key":"5577_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2786","volume":"51","author":"V Hassija","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassija, V., Saxena, V., Chamola, V.: A mobile data offloading framework based on a combination of blockchain and virtual voting. Softw. Pract. Exper. 51(12), 2428\u20132445 (2021)","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exper."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-022-03651-x","volume":"26","author":"W Jing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jing, W., Fu, X., Liu, P., Song, H.: Joint resource trading and computation offloading in blockchain enhanced d2d-assisted mobile edge computing. Clust. Comput. 26(1), 635\u2013649 (2023)","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, G., Jia, Y., Chen, Z.: Multi-user computation offloading with d2d for mobile edge computing, 1\u20136 (2018). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647906"},{"key":"5577_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nezami, Z., Pournaras, E., Borzouie, A., Xu, J.: Smotec: An edge computing testbed for adaptive smart mobility experimentation. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C), pp. 1\u20137 (2023). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSOS-C58168.2023.00021"},{"key":"5577_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Z., He, Y., Tian, B., Zhong, R., Foorginejad, E., Shi, W.: Icat: an indoor connected and autonomous testbed for vehicle computing. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Mobility, Operations, Services and Technologies (MOST), pp. 242\u2013250 (2024). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MOST60774.2024.00033"},{"issue":"3","key":"5577_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2022.3140660","volume":"16","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Zhao, R., Lai, S., Fan, L., Lei, X., Karagiannidis, G.K.: Distributed machine learning for multiuser mobile edge computing systems. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. 16(3), 460\u2013473 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process."},{"key":"5577_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, R., Guo, Y., Gong, Y.: Energy-efficient distributed machine learning at wireless edge with device-to-device communication. In: ICC 2022-IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 5208\u20135213 (2022). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9838508"},{"key":"5577_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadele, S.B., Kar, B., Wakgra, F.G., Khan, A.U.: Optimization of end-to-end aoi in edge-enabled vehicular fog systems: A dueling-dqn approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3472026"},{"issue":"2","key":"5577_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-09433-9","volume":"124","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, X., Xu, H., Zhang, G., Chen, Y., Li, R.: Unsupervised deep learning for binary offloading in mobile edge computation network. Wire. Pers. Commun. 124(2), 1841\u20131860 (2022)","journal-title":"Wire. Pers. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"5577_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-018-1177-x","volume":"27","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, L., Feng, X., Feng, A., Huang, Y., Qian, L.P.: Distributed deep learning-based offloading for mobile edge computing networks. Mob. Netw. Appl. 27(3), 1123\u20131130 (2022)","journal-title":"Mob. Netw. Appl."},{"key":"5577_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85204","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2991773","volume":"8","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y., Qi, F., Wang, Z., Yu, X., Shao, S.: Distributed edge computing offloading algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Access 8, 85204\u201385215 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5577_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160607","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3131396","volume":"9","author":"S Naveen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naveen, S., Kounte, M.R., Ahmed, M.R.: Low latency deep learning inference model for distributed intelligent iot edge clusters. IEEE Access 9, 160607\u2013160621 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3042599","volume":"32","author":"X Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu, X., Zhang, W., Chen, W., Zheng, Z.: Distributed and collective deep reinforcement learning for computation offloading: A practical perspective. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 32(5), 1085\u20131101 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"},{"key":"5577_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, K., Sun, P., Lin, J., Boukerche, A., Song, L.: A novel distributed task scheduling framework for supporting vehicular edge intelligence. In: 2022 IEEE 42nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 972\u2013982 (2022). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS54860.2022.00098"},{"key":"5577_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, S.D.A., Gregory, M., Bouhafs, F., Hartog, F.: Artificial intelligence-defined wireless networking for computational offloading and resource allocation in edge computing networks. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3382265"},{"key":"5577_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, J., Du, J., Wang, J., Yuan, J.: Distributed v2v computation offloading based on dynamic pricing using deep reinforcement learning. In: 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 1\u20136 (2020). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC45663.2020.9120816"},{"issue":"3","key":"5577_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2017.2780128","volume":"7","author":"M Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, M., Liu, Y.: Price-based distributed offloading for mobile-edge computing with computation capacity constraints. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 7(3), 420\u2013423 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"5577_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Huang, S., Meng, D., Liu, B., Zuo, Q., Leung, V.C.: Stackelberg game-based dependency-aware task offloading and resource pricing in vehicular edge networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA63168.2024.00110"},{"key":"5577_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Zhao, T., Cui, X., Li, T., Zheng, K.: Tristack: Efficient stackelberg game-based offloading for cloud-edge-terminal computing. In: 2024 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 1\u20136 (2024). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC57260.2024.10571125"},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3188997","volume":"16","author":"G Mitsis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitsis, G., Tsiropoulou, E.E., Papavassiliou, S.: Price and risk awareness for data offloading decision-making in edge computing systems. IEEE Sys. J. 16(4), 6546\u20136557 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Sys. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"5577_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17769","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3168358","volume":"23","author":"T Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, T., Chen, C., Pei, Q., Song, H.H.: Consortium blockchain-based computation offloading using mobile edge platoon cloud in internet of vehicles. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Sys. 23(10), 17769\u201317783 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Sys."},{"key":"5577_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Zhao, Y., Mei, Y., Liu, Z.: Design of distributed offloading algorithm based on mobile edge computing network. In: 2024 4th International Conference on Consumer Electronics and Computer Engineering (ICCECE), pp. 394\u2013398 (2024). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCECE61317.2024.10504229"},{"issue":"10","key":"5577_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2749","volume":"51","author":"X Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Qi, L.: A blockchain-based computation offloading method for edge computing in 5g networks. Softw. Pract. Exp. 51(10), 2015\u20132032 (2021)","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"5577_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slim, F., Guillemin, F., Hadjadj-Aoul, Y.: Close: A costless service offloading strategy for distributed edge cloud. In: 2018 15th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), pp. 1\u20136 (2018). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2018.8319276"},{"key":"5577_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahapatra, A., Majhi, S.K., Mishra, K., Pradhan, R., Rao, D.C., Panda, S.K.: An energy-aware task offloading and load balancing for latency-sensitive iot applications in the fog-cloud continuum. IEEE Access (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3357122"},{"issue":"17","key":"5577_CR109","first-page":"13723","volume":"8","author":"G Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng, G., Wu, H., Wu, H., Wolter, K.: Constrained multiobjective optimization for iot-enabled computation offloading in collaborative edge and cloud computing. IEEE IoT J. 8(17), 13723\u201313736 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."},{"issue":"2","key":"5577_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2022.3155783","volume":"16","author":"A Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur, A., Auluck, N., Rana, O.: Real-time scheduling on hierarchical heterogeneous fog networks. IEEE Transac. Serv. Comput. 16(2), 1358\u20131372 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Transac. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, T., Zhou, S., Guo, X., Niu, Z.: Tasks scheduling and resource allocation in heterogeneous cloud for delay-bounded mobile edge computing. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1\u20137 (2017). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996858"},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3122001","volume":"71","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhu, K., Chen, B., Han, Z.: Distributed clustering-based cooperative vehicular edge computing for real-time offloading requests. IEEE Transact. Veh. Technol. 71(1), 653\u2013669 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Transact. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"5577_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Zhu, Q., Chen, Y., Zhu, Y.: A research of task-offloading algorithm for distributed vehicles. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 1\u20135 (2020). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145331"},{"key":"5577_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2023.103543","volume":"81","author":"J Xin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xin, J., Li, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Huang, S.: Task offloading in mec systems interconnected by metro optical networks: A computing load balancing solution. Opt. Fiber Technol. 81, 103543 (2023)","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"5577_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ataie, I., Taami, T., Azizi, S., Mainuddin, M., Schwartz, D.: D 2 fo: Distributed dynamic offloading mechanism for time-sensitive tasks in fog-cloud iot-based systems, 360\u2013366 (2022). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IPCCC55026.2022.9894304"},{"issue":"7","key":"5577_CR116","first-page":"5773","volume":"7","author":"M Adhikari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adhikari, M., Mukherjee, M., Srirama, S.N.: Dpto: A deadline and priority-aware task offloading in fog computing framework leveraging multilevel feedback queueing. IEEE IoT J. 7(7), 5773\u20135782 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."},{"key":"5577_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakkeera, L.,: Securing mobile cloud data offloading in blockchain using deep deterministic policy gradient with game theory. In: 2024 Fourth International Conference on Multimedia Processing, Communication & Information Technology (MPCIT), pp. 115\u2013122 (2024). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MPCIT62449.2024.10892697"},{"issue":"35","key":"5577_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18176-1","volume":"83","author":"S Gupta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Patel, N., Kumar, A., Jain, N.K., Dass, P., Hegde, R., Rajaram, A.: Intelligent resource optimization for scalable and energy-efficient heterogeneous iot devices. Multimed. Tools Appl. 83(35), 82343\u201382367 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"7","key":"5577_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2021.3097005","volume":"52","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Dai, P., Xing, H., Yu, Z., Zhang, W.: A distributed algorithm for task offloading in vehicular networks with hybrid fog\/cloud computing. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 52(7), 4388\u20134401 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"key":"5577_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76636","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3192846","volume":"10","author":"T Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, T., Tang, Q., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, J.: A particle swarm optimization with l\u00e9vy flight for service caching and task offloading in edge-cloud computing. IEEE Access 10, 76636\u201376647 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"8","key":"5577_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4018","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4018","volume":"31","author":"A Roy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roy, A., Midya, S., Majumder, K., Phadikar, S.: Distributed resource management in dew based edge to cloud computing ecosystem: A hybrid adaptive evolutionary approach. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol. 31(8), 4018 (2020)","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"5577_CR122","first-page":"723","volume":"6","author":"PP Ray","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ray, P.P.: An introduction to dew computing: definition, concept and implications. IEEE Access 6, 723\u2013737 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5577_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Li, L., Xia, Y., Zhang, D., Wang, Y.: Multi-leader single-follower stackelberg game task offloading and resource allocation based on selection optimization in internet of vehicles. IEEE Access (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3280412"},{"key":"5577_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, M., Zhu, C., Lin, M., Wang, J.-B., Zhu, W.-P.: An o-mappo scheme for joint computation offloading and resources allocation in uav assisted mec systems. Computer Communications (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.06.008"},{"key":"5577_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., Cao, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X.: Edge-cloud collaborative computation offloading model based on improved partical swarm optimization in mec. In: 2019 IEEE 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), pp. 959\u2013962 (2019). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADS47876.2019.00144"},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2895040","volume":"67","author":"E El Haber","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Haber, E., Nguyen, T.M., Assi, C.: Joint optimization of computational cost and devices energy for task offloading in multi-tier edge-clouds. IEEE Trans. Commun. 67(5), 3407\u20133421 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"5577_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, H., Huang, J., Hu, Z., Zheng, M., Li, K.: Collaborative cloud-edge-end task offloading in mec-based small cell networks with distributed wireless backhaul. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3266238"},{"key":"5577_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bi, J., Zhang, K., Yuan, H., Hu, Q.: Energy-aware task offloading with genetic particle swarm optimization in hybrid edge computing. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 3194\u20133199 (2021). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC52423.2021.9658678"},{"key":"5577_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109514","volume":"119","author":"AM Rahmani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahmani, A.M., Tanveer, J., Gharehchopogh, F.S., Rajabi, S., Hosseinzadeh, M.: A novel offloading strategy for multi-user optimization in blockchain-enabled mobile edge computing networks for improved internet of things performance. Comput. Electr. Eng. 119, 109514 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"5577_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., You, C.: Distributed user association and computation offloading in uav-assisted mobile edge computing systems. IEEE Access (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3396471"},{"issue":"6","key":"5577_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2898573","volume":"67","author":"C-F Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, C.-F., Bennis, M., Debbah, M., Poor, H.V.: Dynamic task offloading and resource allocation for ultra-reliable low-latency edge computing. IEEE Trans. Commun. 67(6), 4132\u20134150 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"5577_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2894306","volume":"37","author":"HA Alameddine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alameddine, H.A., Sharafeddine, S., Sebbah, S., Ayoubi, S., Assi, C.: Dynamic task offloading and scheduling for low-latency iot services in multi-access edge computing. IEEE J. Sel.\u00a0Areas Commun. 37(3), 668\u2013682 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel.\u00a0Areas Commun."},{"key":"5577_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Hou, X., Zeng, Y., Cong, P., Jiang, W., Guo, S.: Quality of experience and reliability-aware task offloading and scheduling for multi-user mobile-edge computing systems. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2025.3552338"},{"key":"5577_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.07.032","volume":"89","author":"F Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu, F., Chen, H., Xu, J.: Dmpo: Dynamic mobility-aware partial offloading in mobile edge computing. Future Gener. Comput. Sys. 89, 722\u2013735 (2018)","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Sys."},{"key":"5577_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xun, M., Yao, Y., Yu, J., Zhang, H., Feng, S., Cao, J.: Deep reinforcement learning for delay and energy-aware task scheduling in edge clouds. In: CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 436\u2013450 (2023). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-9637-7_32"},{"key":"5577_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2024.103194","author":"L Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai, L., Mei, J., Yang, Z., Tong, Z., Zeng, C., Li, K.: Lyapunov-guided deep reinforcement learning for delay-aware online task offloading in MEC systems. J. Sys. Arch. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysarc.2024.103194","journal-title":"J. Sys. Arch."},{"issue":"12","key":"5577_CR137","first-page":"9763","volume":"8","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Luo, Y., Liu, A., Bhuiyan, M.Z.A., Zhang, S.: Multiagent deep reinforcement learning for vehicular computation offloading in iot. IEEE IoT J. 8(12), 9763\u20139773 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."},{"issue":"10","key":"5577_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2933962","volume":"37","author":"L Liang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liang, L., Ye, H., Li, G.Y.: Spectrum sharing in vehicular networks based on multi-agent reinforcement learning. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 37(10), 2282\u20132292 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"5577_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-019-00721-7","volume":"13","author":"D Rahbari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahbari, D., Nickray, M.: Task offloading in mobile fog computing by classification and regression tree. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 13, 104\u2013122 (2020)","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"},{"issue":"8","key":"5577_CR140","first-page":"6818","volume":"10","author":"Z Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, Z., Yang, L., Dai, Y.: Fast adaptive task offloading and resource allocation via multiagent reinforcement learning in heterogeneous vehicular fog computing. IEEE IoT J. 10(8), 6818\u20136835 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."},{"issue":"2","key":"5577_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3135332","volume":"71","author":"SS Shinde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shinde, S.S., Bozorgchenani, A., Tarchi, D., Ni, Q.: On the design of federated learning in latency and energy constrained computation offloading operations in vehicular edge computing systems. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 71(2), 2041\u20132057 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"5577_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6073","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3076780","volume":"70","author":"H Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, H., Zhang, S., Zhang, P., Zhou, X., Shao, X., Pu, G., Zhang, Y.: Blockchain and federated learning for collaborative intrusion detection in vehicular edge computing. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 70(6), 6073\u20136084 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-021-03518-7","volume":"26","author":"SKu Zaman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zaman, SKu., Jehangir, A..I., Maqsood, T., Haq, Nu., Umar, A.I., Shuja, J., Ahmad, Z., Dhaou, I.B., Alsharekh, M.F.: Limpo: Lightweight mobility prediction and offloading framework using machine learning for mobile edge computing. Clust. Comput. 26(1), 99\u2013117 (2023)","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, W., Yang, F., Wang, P., Miao, M., Zhao, P., Huang, T.: Drl-based service function chain edge-to-edge and edge-to-cloud joint offloading in edge-cloud network. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3271769"},{"key":"5577_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhang, J.: Service function chain embedding meets machine learning: Deep reinforcement learning approach. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3353808"},{"key":"5577_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alabsi, A., Hawbani, A., Wang, X., Alsamhi, S.H., Zhao, L., Al-Dubai, A.: Reinforcement learning with uav assistance for optimized computation offloading in mobile edge computing. In: 2023 34th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), pp. 10\u201319 (2023). IEEE","DOI":"10.23919\/FRUCT60429.2023.10328168"},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3289611","volume":"23","author":"L Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Zhang, E., Wan, S., Hawbani, A., Al-Dubai, A.Y., Min, G., Zomaya, A.Y.: Meson: A mobility-aware dependent task offloading scheme for urban vehicular edge computing. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 23(5), 4259\u20134272 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"5577_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3310062","volume":"41","author":"L Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Zhao, Z., Zhang, E., Hawbani, A., Al-Dubai, A.Y., Tan, Z., Hussain, A.: A digital twin-assisted intelligent partial offloading approach for vehicular edge computing. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 41(11), 3386\u20133400 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"5577_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Li, T., Meng, G., Hawbani, A., Min, G., Al-Dubai, A., Zomaya, A.: Novel lagrange multipliers-driven adaptive offloading for vehicular edge computing. IEEE Transactions on Computers (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2024.3457729"},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2018.2890603","volume":"14","author":"L Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, L., Liu, B., Cao, J., Sahni, Y., Wang, Z.: Joint computation partitioning and resource allocation for latency sensitive applications in mobile edge clouds. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 14(5), 1439\u20131452 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, R., Liang, B., Zuo, S., Hu, H., Jiang, H., Zhang, N.: Robust task offloading and resource allocation in mobile edge computing with uncertain distribution of computation burden. IEEE Transactions on Communications (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3269839"},{"issue":"12","key":"5577_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2019.2926979","volume":"30","author":"Z Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong, Z., Chen, W., Huang, H., Guo, S., Zheng, Z.: Multi-hop cooperative computation offloading for industrial iot-edge-cloud computing environments. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 30(12), 2759\u20132774 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"5577_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2934103","volume":"19","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, X., Gan, X., Jin, H., Fu, L., Wang, X.: Learning-aided computation offloading for trusted collaborative mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 19(12), 2833\u20132849 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"5577_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4211","volume":"33","author":"M Laroui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laroui, M., Ibn-Khedher, H., Ali Cherif, M., Moungla, H., Afifi, H., Kamel, A.E.: So-vmec: service offloading in virtual mobile edge computing using deep reinforcement learning. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol. 33(10), 4211 (2022)","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-019-09491-1","volume":"18","author":"M Ghobaei-Arani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghobaei-Arani, M., Souri, A., Rahmanian, A.A.: Resource management approaches in fog computing: a comprehensive review. J. Grid Comput. 18(1), 1\u201342 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"5577_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153123","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2947542","volume":"7","author":"KH Abdulkareem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdulkareem, K.H., Mohammed, M.A., Gunasekaran, S.S., Al-Mhiqani, M.N., Mutlag, A.A., Mostafa, S.A., Ali, N.S., Ibrahim, D.A.: A review of fog computing and machine learning: concepts, applications, challenges, and open issues. Ieee Access 7, 153123\u2013153140 (2019)","journal-title":"Ieee Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3326066","volume":"52","author":"C-H Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong, C.-H., Varghese, B.: Resource management in fog\/edge computing: a survey on architectures, infrastructure, and algorithms. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 52(5), 1\u201337 (2019)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"5577_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Lee, T., Kim, S., Park, S.: Energy consumption prediction system based on deep learning with edge computing. In: 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET), pp. 473\u2013477 (2019). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ELTECH.2019.8839589"},{"key":"5577_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bojadjievski, S., AnastasovaBojadjievska, N., Kalendar, M., Tentov, A.: Interoperability of emergency and mission critical iot data services. In: 2018 26th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR), pp. 1\u20134 (2018). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/TELFOR.2018.8611826"},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3485130","volume":"55","author":"A Hazra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hazra, A., Adhikari, M., Amgoth, T., Srirama, S.N.: A comprehensive survey on interoperability for iiot: Taxonomy, standards, and future directions. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 55(1), 1\u201335 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"5577_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozveh, A.J., Mazinani, S.M., Faraji Shoyari, M.: Interoperability and portability in big data analysis based cloud-fog-edge-dew computing. In: Resource Management in Distributed Systems, pp. 209\u2013245. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-2644-8_11"},{"key":"5577_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aceto, G., Persico, V., Pescap\u00e9, A.: A survey on information and communication technologies for industry 4.0: State-of-the-art, taxonomies, perspectives, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 21(4), 3467\u20133501 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2938259"},{"issue":"1","key":"5577_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-019-09498-8","volume":"18","author":"A Javed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javed, A., Robert, J., Heljanko, K., Fr\u00e4mling, K.: Iotef: A federated edge-cloud architecture for fault-tolerant iot applications. J. Grid Comput. 18(1), 57\u201380 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"5577_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00677-7","volume":"2","author":"T Alsboui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsboui, T., Qin, Y., Hill, R., Al-Aqrabi, H.: Distributed intelligence in the internet of things: Challenges and opportunities. SN Computer Science 2(4), 277 (2021)","journal-title":"SN Computer Science"},{"key":"5577_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, Y., Wang, T., Qiu, T., Zhang, X., Wang, R., Wo, T.: Fault tolerance of stateful microservices for industrial edge scenarios. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Joint Cloud Computing (JCC), pp. 50\u201356 (2023). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/JCC59055.2023.00013"},{"key":"5577_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2021.101840","volume":"107","author":"F Firouzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Firouzi, F., Farahani, B., Marin\u0161ek, A.: The convergence and interplay of edge, fog, and cloud in the ai-driven internet of things (iot). Inf. Sys. 107, 101840 (2022)","journal-title":"Inf. Sys."},{"issue":"5","key":"5577_CR167","first-page":"3686","volume":"10","author":"F Firouzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Firouzi, F., Jiang, S., Chakrabarty, K., Farahani, B., Daneshmand, M., Song, J., Mankodiya, K.: Fusion of iot, ai, edge-fog-cloud, and blockchain: Challenges, solutions, and a case study in healthcare and medicine. IEEE IoT J. 10(5), 3686\u20133705 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J."}],"container-title":["Cluster Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05577-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05577-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05577-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:20:20Z","timestamp":1762874420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05577-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05577-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-7857","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"839"}}