{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:41:39Z","timestamp":1776112899278,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering"},{"name":"National Academies Keck Futures Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comput Supported Coop Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnant women in the Global South face significant challenges due to lack of resources and informational gaps. In this paper, we take an assets-based lens to examine the experiences of pregnant women in a low-resource setting in Ghana, focusing on the role of information and technology in prenatal care. Through interviews and co-design workshops, we sought to understand the perspectives of multiple stakeholders including pregnant women, their family members, and healthcare professionals. We highlight the complexities involved in making decisions during pregnancy, including the challenges arising from the tensions between traditional healthcare practices and modern Western health services. We discuss opportunities in digital maternal health where we argue for the importance of attending to local needs and values and advocate for recognising community strengths and integrating rural care practices as valuable assets in prenatal intervention design. Our work aims to bridge some of the gaps between the theoretical understanding of digital health and the practical realities of prenatal care in low-resource settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-025-09521-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T04:37:11Z","timestamp":1749271031000},"page":"741-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Navigating Sociocultural Tensions in Prenatal Care: Opportunities for Digital Health from Diverse Stakeholders in Techiman, Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dsane-Nsor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gideon","family":"Kwesi Toffah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nervo","family":"Verdezoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaseen","family":"Joolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Densmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"9521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adam, Maya, Shannon A. McMahon, Charles Prober, and Till B\u00e4rnighausen. 2019. Human-centered design of video-based health education: An iterative, collaborative, community-based approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research 21 (1) : e12128.","DOI":"10.2196\/12128"},{"key":"9521_CR2","unstructured":"Africa, CNBC. 2020. Ghana lifts lockdown on key regions as covid-19 cases reach 1,042. https:\/\/www.cnbcafrica.com\/2020\/ghana-lifts-lockdown-on-key-regions-as-covid-19-cases-reach-1042\/."},{"key":"9521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allman, Jean. 1994. Making mothers: Missionaries, medical officers and women\u2019s work in colonial asante, 1924\u20131945. History Workshop Journal 38 (1): 23\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hwj\/38.1.23.","DOI":"10.1093\/hwj\/38.1.23"},{"key":"9521_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Almeida, Teresa, Rob Comber, and Madeline Balaam. 2016. Hci and intimate care as an agenda for change in women\u2019s health. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI\u201916, 2599-2611. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2858036.2858187.","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858187"},{"key":"9521_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoniak, Maria, David Mimno, and Karen Levy. 2019. Narrative paths and negotiation of power in birth stories. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3(CSCW): 1-27.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359190"},{"key":"9521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asase, Alex. 2023. Ghana\u2019s herbal medicine industry: Prospects, challenges and ways forward from a developing country perspective. Frontiers in Pharmacology 14:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1267398"},{"key":"9521_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atif, Najia, Huma Nazir, Shamsa Zafar, Rizwana Chaudhri, Maria Atiq, Luke C. Mullany, Armaan A. Rowther, Abid Malik, Pamela J. Surkan, and Atif Rahman. 2020. Development of a psychological intervention to address anxiety during pregnancy in a low-income country. Frontiers in Psychiatry 10:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00927.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00927"},{"key":"9521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Awotwi, Johanna\u00a0E. 2012. Ict-enabled delivery of maternal health services. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ICEGOV \u201912, 369\u2013378. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2463728.2463798.","DOI":"10.1145\/2463728.2463798"},{"key":"9521_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayelyini, Beatrice. 2019. The use of indigenous medicine among women during pregnancy and labour in rural ghana. Central African Journal of Public Health 5(3): 120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/j.cajph.20190503.14.","DOI":"10.11648\/j.cajph.20190503.14"},{"key":"9521_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aziato, Lydia, Philippa N.\u00a0A. Odai, and Cephas\u00a0N. Omenyo. 2016. Religious beliefs and practices in pregnancy and labour: an inductive qualitative study among post-partum women in ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 16(1): 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-0920-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0920-1"},{"key":"9521_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baada, Jemima Nomunume, Bipasha Baruah, Yujiro Sano, and Isaac Luginaah. 2021. Mothers in a \u201cstrange land\u201d: Migrant women farmers\u2019 reproductive health in the brong-ahafo region of ghana. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 32 (2): 910\u2013930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/hpu.2021.0071.","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2021.0071"},{"key":"9521_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bagalkot, Naveen, Syeda\u00a0Zainab Akbar, Swati Sharma, Nicola Mackintosh, Deirdre Harrington, Paula Griffiths, Judith\u00a0Angelitta Noronha, and Nervo Verdezoto. 2022. Embodied negotiations, practices and experiences interacting with pregnancy care infrastructures in South India. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201922, 1\u201321. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3501950.","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501950"},{"key":"9521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bagalkot, Naveen, Nervo Verdezoto, Anushri Ghode, Shipra Purohit, Lakshmi Murthy, Nicola Mackintosh, and Paula Griffiths. 2020. Beyond Health Literacy: Navigating Boundaries and Relationships During High-risk Pregnancies: Challenges and Opportunities for Digital Health in North-West India. In Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, NordiCHI \u201920, 1\u201315. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419249.3420126.","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420126"},{"key":"9521_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bagalkot, Naveen, Nervo Verdezoto, Mitchelle Lewis, Paula Griffiths, Deirdre Harrington, Nicola Mackintosh, and Judith\u00a0Angelitta Noronha. 2018. Towards enhancing everyday pregnancy care: Reflections from community stakeholders in south india. In Proceedings of the 9th Indian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, IndiaHCI\u201918, 71\u201374. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3297121.3297130.","DOI":"10.1145\/3297121.3297130"},{"key":"9521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balaam, Madeline, Judy Robertson, Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Rebecca Say, Gillian Hayes, Melissa Mazmanian, and Belinda Parmar. 2013. Motherhood and HCI. In CHI \u201913 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201913, 3215\u20133218. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2468356.2479650.","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2479650"},{"key":"9521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banchani, Emmanuel and Eric\u00a0Y Tenkorang. 2014. Implementation challenges of maternal health care in ghana: The case of health care providers in the tamale metropolis. BMC Health Services Research 14(1): 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-14-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-7"},{"key":"9521_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbi, Ludovica, Momodou Cham, Elikem Ame-Bruce, and Marzia Lazzerini. 2020. Socio-cultural factors influencing the decision of women to seek care during pregnancy and delivery: A qualitative study in south tongu district, ghana. Global Public Health 16 (4): 532\u2013545.","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2020.1839926"},{"key":"9521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barron, Peter, Joanne Peter, Amnesty\u00a0E LeFevre, Jane Sebidi, Marcha Bekker, Robert Allen, Annie\u00a0Neo Parsons, Peter Benjamin, and Yogan Pillay. 2018. Mobile health messaging service and helpdesk for south african mmothers (momconnect): History, successes and challenges. BMJ Global Health 3 (Suppl 2): e000559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000559.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000559"},{"key":"9521_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batool, Amna, Samia Razaq, Maham Javaid, Beenish Fatima, and Kentaro Toyama. 2017. Maternal complications: Nuances in mobile interventions for maternal health in urban pakistan. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, ICTD \u201917, 1\u201312. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3136560.3136573.","DOI":"10.1145\/3136560.3136573"},{"key":"9521_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhatti, Neelma, Amarachi Blessing Mbakwe, Sandra Nnadi, Geetha Saarunya Clarke, D. Aakash Gautam, Scott McCrickard, and Aisling Kelliher. 2022. Intimate narratives: An assets-based approach to develop holistic perspectives of student mothers\u2019 lives and their use of technology in parenting. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6 (CSCW2): 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3555635.","DOI":"10.1145\/3555635"},{"key":"9521_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bidwell, Nicola\u00a0J., and Heike Winschiers-Theophilus. 2012. Audio pacemaker: Walking, talking indigenous knowledge. In Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference, SAICSIT \u201912, 149\u2013158. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2389836.2389855.","DOI":"10.1145\/2389836.2389855"},{"key":"9521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77-101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"9521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 2020. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology 18 (3): 328\u2013352.","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238"},{"key":"9521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broadley, Cara. 2020. Advancing asset-based practice: Engagement, ownership, and outcomes in participatory design. The Design Journal\u00a024(2): 253\u2013275 .","DOI":"10.1080\/14606925.2020.1857050"},{"key":"9521_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burleson, Grace, Mustafa Naseem, and Kentaro Toyama. 2020. An exploration of african-american pregnant women\u2019s information-seeking behavior in detroit. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, ICTD2020, 1\u201312. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3392561.3394647.","DOI":"10.1145\/3392561.3394647"},{"key":"9521_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castells, Manuel. 1998. A rejoinder: On power, identities and culture in the network society. New Political Economy 3 (3): 473\u2013483.","DOI":"10.1080\/13563469808406379"},{"key":"9521_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaudhry, Beenish\u00a0M., Louis Faust, and Nitesh\u00a0V. Chawla. 2019. From design to development to evaluation of a pregnancy app for low-income women in a community-based setting. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI \u201919, 1\u201311. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3338286.3340118.","DOI":"10.1145\/3338286.3340118"},{"key":"9521_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cho, Alexander, Roxana\u00a0G. Herrera, Luis Chaidez, and Adilene Uriostegui. 2019. The \"comadre\" project: An asset-based design approach to connecting low-income latinx families to out-of-school learning opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201919, New York, NY, USA, 1\u201314. Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300837.","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300837"},{"key":"9521_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coleman, Toshka, Sarina Till, Jaydon Farao, Londiwe Shandu, Nonkululeko Khuzwayo, Livhuwani Muthelo, Masenyani Mbombi, Mamare Bopape, Alastair van Heerden, Tebogo Mothiba, Shane Norris, Nervo Verdezoto, and Melissa Densmore. 2023. Reconsidering priorities for digital maternal and child health: Community-centered perspectives from South Africa. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction\u00a07 (CSCW2): 1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3610081.","DOI":"10.1145\/3610081"},{"key":"9521_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dako-Gyeke, Phyllis, Moses Aikins, Richmond Aryeetey, Laura Mccough, and Philip\u00a0Baba Adongo. 2013. The influence of socio-cultural interpretations of pregnancy threats on health-seeking behavior among pregnant women in urban accra, Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth\u00a013 (1): 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-211.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-211"},{"key":"9521_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dapaah, Jonathan Mensah, and John Onzaberigu Nachinaab. 2019. Sociocultural determinants of the utilization of maternal health care services in the tallensi district in the upper east region of ghana. Advances in Public Health 2019 (1): 5487293.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5487293"},{"key":"9521_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Diego-Cordero, Roc\u00edo, Estefan\u00eda Rivilla-Garcia, Desire\u00e9 Diaz-Jimenez, Giancarlo Lucchetti, and B\u00e1rbara Badanta. 2020. The role of cultural beliefs on eating patterns and food practices among pregnant women: A systematic review. Nutrition Reviews 79 (9): 945\u2013963.","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa119"},{"key":"9521_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denzin, Norman\u00a0K. 2017. The Logic of Naturalistic Inquiry, 37\u201344. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315128498-5.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315128498-5"},{"key":"9521_CR34","unstructured":"Denzin, Norman\u00a0K., and Yvonna\u00a0S. Lincoln. 2005. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, Volume\u00a01. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal."},{"key":"9521_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DeRenzi, Brian, Nicola Dell, Jeremy Wacksman, Scott Lee, and Neal Lesh. 2017. Supporting community health workers in India through voice- and web-based feedback. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201917, 2770\u20132781. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3025453.3025514.","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025514"},{"key":"9521_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-018-0082-4","volume":"4","author":"Kwamena Sekyi Dickson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dickson, Kwamena Sekyi, Eugene Kofuor Maafo. Darteh, Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. 2018. Determinants of choice of skilled antenatal care service providers in Ghana: Analysis of demographic and health survey. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology 4:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology"},{"key":"9521_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D\u2019Ignazio, Catherine, Alexis Hope, Becky Michelson, Robyn Churchill, and Ethan Zuckerman. 2016. A feminist hci approach to designing postpartum technologies: \u201cwhen i first saw a breast pump i was wondering if it was a joke\u201d. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI\u201916, 2612\u20132622. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2858036.2858460.","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858460"},{"key":"9521_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dimond, Jill\u00a0P., Michaelanne Dye, Daphne Larose, and Amy\u00a0S. Bruckman. 2013. Hollaback!: The role of storytelling online in a social movement organization. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW \u201913, 477\u2013490. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2441776.2441831.","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441831"},{"key":"9521_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dsane, Sarah, Melissa Densmore, and Yaseen Joolay. 2022. A descriptive analysis of cohesion within virtual and physical small groups of mothers in bandwidth-constrained communities in Cape Town. In ACM SIGCAS\/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS), COMPASS \u201922, 152\u2013164. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3530190.3534793.","DOI":"10.1145\/3530190.3534793"},{"key":"9521_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dsane-nsor, Sarah, Melissa Densmore, Christine Mburu, and Hafeni Mthoko. 2019. Empowering community initiatives through peer education for parents in bandwidth constrained settlements in Cape Town. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.14664076.","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.14664076"},{"key":"9521_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ganle, John Kuumuori, Isaac Dery, Abubakar A. Manu, and Bernard Obeng. 2016. October. \u2018if i go with him, i can\u2019t talk with other women\u2019: Understanding women\u2019s resistance to, and acceptance of, men\u2019s involvement in maternal and child healthcare in Northern Ghana. Social Science and Medicine 166:195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.08.030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.08.030"},{"key":"9521_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ganle, John\u00a0Kuumuori, Bernard Obeng, Alexander\u00a0Yao Segbefia, Vitalis Mwinyuri, Joseph\u00a0Yaw Yeboah, and Leonard Baatiema. 2015, August. How intra-familial decision-making affects women\u2019s access to, and use of maternal healthcare services in Ghana: A qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth\u00a015 (1): 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-015-0590-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0590-4"},{"key":"9521_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao, Yuan, Xinying Li, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Xin Liu, and Lin Pang. 2014. Nuwa: Enhancing the pregnancy experience for expectant parents. In CHI \u201914 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201914. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2559206.2580928.","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2580928"},{"key":"9521_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gautam, Aakash, Deborah Tatar, and Steve Harrison. 2020. Crafting, communality, and computing: Building on existing strengths to support a vulnerable population. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201920, 1\u201314. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376647.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376647"},{"key":"9521_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geleto, Ayele, Catherine Chojenta, Abdulbasit Musa, and Deborah Loxton. 2018. Barriers to access and utilization of emergency obstetric care at health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of literature. Systematic Reviews\u00a07(1): 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-018-0842-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0842-2"},{"key":"9521_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grady, Mary Alice, and Kathaleen C. Bloom. 2004. Pregnancy outcomes of adolescents enrolled in a centeringpregnancy program. Journal of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health 49 (5): 412\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmwh.2004.05.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2004.05.009"},{"key":"9521_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nvall, Erik, and Nervo Verdezoto. 2013. Beyond self-monitoring: Understanding non-functional aspects of home-based healthcare technology. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, UbiComp \u201913, 587\u2013596. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2493432.2493495.","DOI":"10.1145\/2493432.2493495"},{"key":"9521_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gui, Xinning, Yu\u00a0Chen, Yubo Kou, Katie Pine, and Yunan Chen. 2017. Investigating support seeking from peers for pregnancy in online health communities. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 (CSCW): 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3134685.","DOI":"10.1145\/3134685"},{"key":"9521_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gupta, Mira\u00a0L., Raymond\u00a0Akawire Aborigo, Philip\u00a0Baba Adongo, Sarah Rominski, Abraham Hodgson, Cyril\u00a0M. Engmann, and Cheryl\u00a0A. Moyer. 2015. Grandmothers as gatekeepers? The role of grandmothers in influencing health-seeking for mothers and newborns in rural northern Ghana. Global Public Health\u00a010 (9): 1078\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2014.1002413.","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2014.1002413"},{"key":"9521_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Homewood, Sarah, Harvey Bewley, and Laurens Boer. 2019. Ovum: Designing for fertility tracking as a shared and domestic experience. In Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS \u201919, 553\u2013565. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3322276.3323692.","DOI":"10.1145\/3322276.3323692"},{"key":"9521_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyzam, Dalia, Mingyang Zou, Michael Boah, Abeer Saeed, Chenrui Li, Shixu Pan, Jinhe Zhai, and Wu Li-Jie. 2020. Health information and health-seeking behaviour in Yemen: Perspectives of health leaders, midwives and mothers in two rural areas of Yemen. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20 (1): 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03101-9"},{"key":"9521_CR52","unstructured":"ICTD. 2009. Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings. http:\/\/mmaglobal.com\/codeofconduct.pdf."},{"key":"9521_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ismail, Azra, Naveena Karusala, and Neha Kumar. 2018. Bridging disconnected knowledges for community health. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2 (CSCW): 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3274344.","DOI":"10.1145\/3274344"},{"key":"9521_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jesse, D. Elizabeth, Chantel Schoneboom, and Amy Blanchard. 2007. The effect of faith or spirituality in pregnancy: A content analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing 25 (3): 151\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0898010106293593.","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010106293593"},{"key":"9521_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kannabiran, Gopinaath, Ann Light, and Tuck Leong. 2012. Identity, performativity, and HCI. In CHI \u201912 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201912, 2763\u20132766. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2212776.2212715.","DOI":"10.1145\/2212776.2212715"},{"key":"9521_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karusala, Naveena, Isaac Holeman, and Richard Anderson. 2019. Engaging identity, assets, and constraints in designing for resilience. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction\u00a03 (CSCW): 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359315"},{"key":"9521_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Korsah, Kwadwo Ameyaw. 2011. Nurses\u2019 stories about their interactions with patients at the holy family hospital, techiman, Ghana. Open Journal of Nursing 01 (01): 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojn.2011.11001.","DOI":"10.4236\/ojn.2011.11001"},{"key":"9521_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koushede, Vibeke, Carina\u00a0Sj\u00f6berg Brixval, Solveig\u00a0Forberg Axelsen, Jane Lindschou, Per Winkel, Rikke\u00a0Damkj\u00e6r Maimburg, and Pernille Due. 2013. Group-based antenatal birth and parent preparation for improving birth outcomes and parenting resources: Study protocol for a randomised trial. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare\u00a04 (3): 121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.srhc.2013.08.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2013.08.003"},{"key":"9521_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krah, Eva, Johannes de\u00a0Kruijf, and Luigi Ragno. 2017. Integrating traditional healers into the health care system: Challenges and opportunities in rural northern Ghana. Journal of Community Health\u00a043 (1): 157\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-017-0398-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-017-0398-4"},{"key":"9521_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar, Neha, Trevor Perrier, Michelle Desmond, Kiersten Israel-Ballard, Vikrant Kumar, Sudip Mahapatra, Anil Mishra, Shreya Agarwal, Rikin Gandhi, Pallavi Lal, and Richard Anderson. 2015. Projecting health: Community-led video education for maternal health. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, ICTD \u201915, 1\u201310. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2737856.2738023.","DOI":"10.1145\/2737856.2738023"},{"key":"9521_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ameade, Kwame, Evans Paul, Ayishatu Pagwuni Zakaria, Latifatu Abubakar, and Rahina Sandow. 2018. Herbal medicine usage before and during pregnancy - a study in northern ghana. International Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 11 (4): 332\u2013339.","DOI":"10.15406\/ijcam.2018.11.00405"},{"key":"9521_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leahy-Warren, Patricia, Geraldine McCarthy, and Paul Corcoran. 2011. First-time mothers: Social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postnatal depression. Journal of Clinical Nursing\u00a021 (3-4): 388-397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03701.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03701.x"},{"key":"9521_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeFevre, Amnesty E., Diwakar Mohan, David Hutchful, Larissa Jennings, Garrett Mehl, Alain Labrique, Karen Romano, and Anitha Moorthy. 2017. Mobile technology for community health in Ghana: What happens when technical functionality threatens the effectiveness of digital health programs? BMC medical informatics and decision making 17:1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0421-9"},{"key":"9521_CR64","unstructured":"Mantey, Joana. 2013. Maternity Mortality Remains High in Ghana."},{"key":"9521_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mburu, Christine\u00a0Wanjiru., Chelsea-Joy Wardle, Yaseen Joolay, and Melissa Densmore. 2018. Co-designing with mothers and neonatal unit staff: Use of technology to support mothers of preterm infants. In Proceedings of the Second African Conference for Human Computer Interaction: Thriving Communities, AfriCHI \u201918, 1\u201310. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3283458.3283487.","DOI":"10.1145\/3283458.3283487"},{"key":"9521_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michie, Lydia, Madeline Balaam, John McCarthy, Timur Osadchiy, and Kellie Morrissey. 2018. From her story, to our story: Digital storytelling as public engagement around abortion rights advocacy in Ireland. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201918, 1\u201315. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3173574.3173931.","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173931"},{"key":"9521_CR67","unstructured":"MOH. 2020. Republic of Ghana Ministry of Health Provisional Standard Treatment Guidelines for Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID - 19 Guidelines for Ghana. Ghana Ministry of Health."},{"key":"9521_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Molapo, Maletsabisa, Melissa Densmore, and Limpho Morie. 2016. Designing with community health workers: Enabling productive participation through exploration. In Proceedings of the First African Conference on Human Computer Interaction, AfriCHI\u201916, 58\u201368. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2998581.2998589.","DOI":"10.1145\/2998581.2998589"},{"key":"9521_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mustafa, Maryam, Amna Batool, Beenish Fatima, Fareeda Nawaz, Kentaro Toyama, and Agha\u00a0Ali Raza. 2020. Patriarchy, maternal health and spiritual healing: Designing maternal health interventions in Pakistan. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201920, 1\u201313. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376294.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376294"},{"key":"9521_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naseem, Mustafa, Fouzia Younas, and Maryam Mustafa. 2020. Designing digital safe spaces for peer support and connectivity in patriarchal contexts. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction\u00a04 (CSCW2): 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3415217.","DOI":"10.1145\/3415217"},{"key":"9521_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Newhouse, Nikki. 2016. Bump2bump: Online peer support in first-time pregnancy. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI\u201916. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2851581.2859021.","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2859021"},{"key":"9521_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ng, Reuben, and Nicole Indran. 2021. Societal perceptions of caregivers linked to culture across 20 countries: Evidence from a 10-billion-word database. PLOS ONE\u00a016 (7): e0251161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251161.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251161"},{"key":"9521_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okyere, E., C.\u00a0Tawiah-Agyemang, A.\u00a0Manu, S.\u00a0Deganus, B.\u00a0Kirkwood, and Z.\u00a0Hill. 2010. Newborn care: The effect of a traditional illness, asram, in Ghana. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics\u00a030 (4): 321\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/146532810x12858955921311.","DOI":"10.1179\/146532810x12858955921311"},{"key":"9521_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okyerefo, Michael Perry\u00a0Kweku, and Daniel\u00a0Yaw Fiaveh. 2016. Prayer and health-seeking beliefs in Ghana: Understanding the \u2018religious space\u2019 of the urban forest. Health Sociology Review\u00a026 (3): 308\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14461242.2016.1257360.","DOI":"10.1080\/14461242.2016.1257360"},{"key":"9521_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Otoo, Patience, Helen Habib, and Augustine Ankomah. 2015. Food prohibitions and other traditional practices in pregnancy: A qualitative study in western region of Ghana. Advances in Reproductive Sciences 03 (03): 41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/arsci.2015.33005.","DOI":"10.4236\/arsci.2015.33005"},{"key":"9521_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pagalday-Olivares, Pedro, Bengt\u00a0Arne Sj\u00f6qvist, Jessy Adjordor-van\u00a0de Beek, Samuel Abudey, Ants\u00a0R. Silberberg, and Ruben Buendia. 2017. Exploring the feasibility of ehealth solutions to decrease delays in maternal healthcare in remote communities of Ghana. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making\u00a017 (1): 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0552-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0552-z"},{"key":"9521_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pei, Lucy, Edgard David Rinc\u00f3n. Quijano, Angela DR. Smith, Reem Talhouk, and Frederick van Amstel. 2022. Assets and community engagement: A roundtable with HCI researchers and designers. Interactions 29 (5): 44\u201347.","DOI":"10.1145\/3554975"},{"key":"9521_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peneza, Apollonia Kasege, and Stephen Oswald Maluka. 2018. \u2018unless you come with your partner you will be sent back home\u2019: Strategies used to promote male involvement in antenatal care in southern Tanzania. Global Health Action 11 (1): 1449724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16549716.2018.1449724.","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2018.1449724"},{"key":"9521_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peprah, Prince, Emmanuel\u00a0Mawuli Abalo, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Hayford\u00a0Isaac Budu, Emmanuel Appiah-Brempong, Anthony\u00a0Kwame Morgan, and Adjei\u00a0Gyimah Akwasi. 2020. Lessening barriers to healthcare in rural Ghana: Providers and users\u2019 perspectives on the role of mhealth technology. A qualitative exploration. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making\u00a020 (1): 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-020-1040-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-1040-4"},{"key":"9521_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peprah, Prince, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Francis Arthur-Holmes, Hayford\u00a0Isaac Budu, Emmanuel\u00a0Mawuli Abalo, Reforce Okwei, and Julius Nyonyo. 2019. \u2018we are nothing without herbs\u2019: A story of herbal remedies use during pregnancy in rural Ghana. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine\u00a019 (1): 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-019-2476-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2476-x"},{"key":"9521_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perrier, Trevor, Nicola Dell, Brian DeRenzi, Richard Anderson, John Kinuthia, Jennifer Unger, and Grace John-Stewart. 2015. Engaging pregnant women in Kenya with a hybrid computer-human SMS communication system. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201915, 1429\u20131438. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702124.","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702124"},{"key":"9521_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perrier, Trevor, Elizabeth\u00a0K. Harrington, Keshet Ronen, Daniel Matemo, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart, Richard Anderson, and Jennifer\u00a0A. Unger. 2018. Male partner engagement in family planning sms conversations at kenyan health clinics. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies, COMPASS \u201918, 1\u201311. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3209811.3209857.","DOI":"10.1145\/3209811.3209857"},{"key":"9521_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peyton, Tamara, Erika Poole, Madhu Reddy, Jennifer Kraschnewski, and Cynthia Chuang. 2014. \"Every Pregnancy is Different\": Designing mHealth Interventions for the Pregnancy Ecology. In Proceedings of the Conference on Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, and Techniques, DIS, 577\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2598510.2598572.","DOI":"10.1145\/2598510.2598572"},{"key":"9521_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peyton, Tamara, and Pamela Wisniewski. 2019. Improving a Design Space: Pregnancy as a Collaborative Information and Social Support Ecology, 505-525. Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-12388-836.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12388-836"},{"key":"9521_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prabhakar, Annu\u00a0Sible, Elena Maris, and Indrani Medhi\u00a0Thies. 2021. Toward understanding the cultural influences on social media use of middle class mothers in India. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201921, 1\u20137. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411763.3451779.","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451779"},{"key":"9521_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramachandran, Divya, John Canny, Prabhu\u00a0Dutta Das, and Edward Cutrell. 2010. Mobile-izing health workers in rural India. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201910. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1753326.1753610.","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753610"},{"key":"9521_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaikh, Babar T., and Juanita Hatcher. 2005. Complementary and alternative medicine in pakistan: Prospects and limitations. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2 (2): 139\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecam\/neh088.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neh088"},{"key":"9521_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shewamene, Zewdneh, Tinashe Dune, and Caroline\u00a0A. Smith. 2017. The use of traditional medicine in maternity care among african women in Africa and the diaspora: A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine\u00a017 (1): 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-017-1886-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1886-x"},{"key":"9521_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith, Wally, Greg Wadley, Oliver Daly, Marianne Webb, Jo\u00a0Hughson, John Hajek, Anna Parker, Robyn Woodward-Kron, and David Story. 2017. Designing an app for pregnancy care for a culturally and linguistically diverse community. In Proceedings of the 29th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, OzCHI \u201917. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3152771.3152807.","DOI":"10.1145\/3152771.3152807"},{"key":"9521_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"South African National Department of Health. 2020. COVID-19 Disease: Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines. Report\u00a02 (April): 1\u201325 .","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2020.08.005"},{"key":"9521_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sowon, Karen and Wallace Chigona. 2020. Trust in mhealth: How do maternal health clients accept and use mhealth interventions? In Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists 2020, SAICSIT \u201920. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3410886.3410895.","DOI":"10.1145\/3410886.3410895"},{"key":"9521_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steen, Marc, Jenny de\u00a0Boer, Lilliane Kuiper-Hoyng, and Froukje\u00a0Sleeswijk Visser. 2008. Co-design: Practices, challenges and lessons learned. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI08, 561\u2013562. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1409240.1409350.","DOI":"10.1145\/1409240.1409350"},{"key":"9521_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sultana, Sharifa, and Syed\u00a0Ishtiaque Ahmed. 2019. Witchcraft and HCI: Morality, modernity, and postcolonial computing in rural Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201919, 1\u201315. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300586.","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300586"},{"key":"9521_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sultana, Sharifa, Zinnat Sultana, and Syed\u00a0Ishtiaque Ahmed. 2020. Parareligious-HCI: Designing for \u201calternative\u201d rationality in rural wellbeing in Bangladesh. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201920, 1\u201313. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3334480.3381819.","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3381819"},{"key":"9521_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sumankuuro, Joshua, Leonard Baatiema, Judith Crockett, and Jeanine Young. 2022. Women\u2019s use of non-conventional herbal uterotonic in pregnancy and labour: Evidence from birth attendants. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth\u00a022 (1): 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-04934-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04934-2"},{"key":"9521_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sumankuuro, Joshua, Memuna\u00a0Yankasa Mahama, Judith Crockett, Shaoyu Wang, and Jeanine Young. 2019. Narratives on why pregnant women delay seeking maternal health care during delivery and obstetric complications in rural Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth\u00a019 (1): 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-019-2414-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2414-4"},{"key":"9521_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Svenningsen, Ida\u00a0Kilias, and Teresa Almeida. 2020. Designing for the emotional pregnancy. In Companion Publication of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS \u201920, 145\u2013150. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3393914.3395897.","DOI":"10.1145\/3393914.3395897"},{"key":"9521_CR98","unstructured":"Tatar, Deborah. 2007. The design tensions framework. Hum.-Comput. Interact.\u00a022 (4): 413\u2013451."},{"key":"9521_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Templeman, Kate, and Anske Robinson. 2011. Integrative medicine models in contemporary primary health care. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 19 (2): 84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2011.02.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2011.02.003"},{"key":"9521_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thaddeus, Sereen, and Deborah Maine. 1994. Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context. Social Science and Medicine 38 (8): 1091\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7"},{"key":"9521_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, Gareth\u00a0M., Deborah Lupton, and Sarah Pedersen. 2017. \u2018The Appy for a Happy Pappy\u2019: Expectant Fatherhood and Pregnancy Apps. Journal of Gender Studies\u00a027 (7): 759\u2013770 .","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2017.1301813"},{"key":"9521_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Till, Sarina, Mirriam Mkhize, Jaydon Farao, Londiwe\u00a0Deborah Shandu, Livhuwani Muthelo, Toshka\u00a0Lauren Coleman, Masenyani Mbombi, Mamara Bopape, Sonja Klingberg, Alastair van Heerden, Tebogo Mothiba, Melissa Densmore, and Nervo\u00a0Xavier Verdezoto\u00a0Dias. 2023. Digital health technologies for maternal and child health in africa and other low- and middle-income countries: Cross-disciplinary scoping review with stakeholder consultation. Journal of Medical Internet Research\u00a025:e42161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/42161.","DOI":"10.2196\/42161"},{"key":"9521_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T\u00fcn\u00e7alp, \u00d6zge, JP\u00a0Pena-Rosas, T\u00a0Lawrie, M\u00a0Bucagu, OT\u00a0Oladapo, A\u00a0Portela, and A\u00a0Metin\u00a0G\u00fclmezoglu. 2017. \u00a1scp\u00bfwho\u00a1\/scp\u00bf recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience-going beyond survival. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology\u00a0124 (6): 860\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14599.","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14599"},{"key":"9521_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaira, Lucia, Mario\u00a0A. Bochicchio, Matteo Conte, Francesco\u00a0Margiotta Casaluci, and Antonio Melpignano. 2018. Mamabot: A system based on ml and nlp for supporting women and families during pregnancy. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium on - IDEAS 2018, IDEAS 2018. ACM Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3216122.3216173.","DOI":"10.1145\/3216122.3216173"},{"key":"9521_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verdezoto, Nervo, Naveen Bagalkot, Syeda Zainab Akbar, Swati Sharma, Nicola Mackintosh, Deirdre Harrington, and Paula Griffiths. 2021. The invisible work of maintenance in community health: Challenges and opportunities for digital health to support frontline health workers in Karnataka, south India. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 (CSCW1): 1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3449165.","DOI":"10.1145\/3449165"},{"key":"9521_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verdezoto, Nervo, Francisca Carpio-Arias, Valeria Carpio-Arias, Nicola Mackintosh, Parisa Eslambolchilar, Ver\u00f3nica Delgado, Catherine Andrade, and Galo V\u00e1sconez. 2020. Indigenous women managing pregnancy complications in rural ecuador: Barriers and opportunities to enhance antenatal care. In Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, NordiCHI \u201920, 1\u20139. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419249.3420141.","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420141"},{"key":"9521_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Whiteley, Alma M., and Jervis Whiteley. 2006. The familiarization study in qualitative research: From theory to practice. Qualitative Research Journal 6 (1): 69\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14439883200600005.","DOI":"10.1108\/14439883200600005"},{"key":"9521_CR108","unstructured":"WHO. 2024. World Health Organization."},{"key":"9521_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wierckx, Anouk, Suleman Shahid, and Abdullah Al\u00a0Mahmud. 2014. Babywijzer: An application to support women during their pregnancy. In CHI \u201914 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201914, 1333\u20131338. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2559206.2581179.","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2581179"},{"key":"9521_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Winschiers-Theophilus, Heike. 2022. Bridging worlds: Indigenous knowledge in the digital world. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM\/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, JCDL \u201922, 1\u20132. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3529372.3538820.","DOI":"10.1145\/3529372.3538820"},{"key":"9521_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Winschiers-Theophilus, Heike, and Nicola\u00a0J. Bidwell. 2013. Toward an Afro-Centric Indigenous HCI Paradigm. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction\u00a029 (4): 243\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2013.765763.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.765763"},{"key":"9521_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wong-Villacres, Marisol, Aakash Gautam, Wendy Roldan, Lucy Pei, Jessa Dickinson, Azra Ismail, Betsy DiSalvo, Neha Kumar, Tammy Clegg, Sheena Erete, Emily Roden, Nithya Sambasivan, and Jason Yip. 2020. From needs to strengths: Operationalizing an assets-based design of technology. In Companion Publication of the 2020 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, CSCW \u201920, 527\u2013535. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3406865.3418594.","DOI":"10.1145\/3406865.3418594"},{"key":"9521_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yadav, Deepika, Pushpendra Singh, Kyle Montague, Vijay Kumar, Deepak Sood, Madeline Balaam, Drishti Sharma, Mona Duggal, Tom Bartindale, Delvin Varghese, and Patrick Olivier. 2017. Sangoshthi: Empowering community health workers through peer learning in rural India. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW \u201917. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3038912.3052624.","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052624"},{"key":"9521_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Younas, Fouzia, Mustafa Naseem, and Maryam Mustafa. 2020. Patriarchy and social media: Women only facebook groups as safe spaces for support seeking in Pakistan. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, ICTD2020, 1\u201311. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3392561.3394639.","DOI":"10.1145\/3392561.3394639"}],"container-title":["Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10606-025-09521-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10606-025-09521-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10606-025-09521-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T10:39:44Z","timestamp":1764326384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10606-025-09521-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10606-025-09521-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-9724","1573-7551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-9724","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval from three institutions. The first approval came from the research institution of the lead author at the University of Cape Town, specifically the Faculty of Science Research Ethics Committee (Protocol: FSREC 057 - 2021). The second approval was obtained from the health directorate where the field study was conducted, namely the Kintampo Health Research Centre Institutional Ethics Committee (Protocol: KHRCIEC\/2021-25). The third approval was granted by the Directorate of Research and Innovation at Koforidua Technical University (Protocol: KTU\/DRV21\/010), which is the affiliated university of the lead author in Ghana. The study observed strict adherence to ethical guidance and COVID-19 protocols for field studies, confidentiality, and data protection.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}