{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T17:53:09Z","timestamp":1771523589643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data Min Knowl Disc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-019-00667-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1577124151000},"page":"443-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Mining relaxed functional dependencies from data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Loredana","family":"Caruccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Deufemia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Polese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"667_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abedjan Z, Schulze P, Naumann F (2014) DFD: efficient functional dependency discovery. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on information and knowledge management, CIKM \u201914, pp 949\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2661829.2661884","DOI":"10.1145\/2661829.2661884"},{"issue":"4","key":"667_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-015-0389-y","volume":"24","author":"Z Abedjan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abedjan Z, Golab L, Naumann F (2015) Profiling relational data: a survey. VLDB J 24(4):557\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-015-0389-y","journal-title":"VLDB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1145\/974750.974757","volume":"29","author":"M Arenas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arenas M, Libkin L (2004) A normal form for XML documents. ACM Trans Database Syst 29(1):195\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/974750.974757","journal-title":"ACM Trans Database Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"667_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.14778\/3204028.3204032","volume":"11","author":"L Berti-\u00c9quille","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berti-\u00c9quille L, Harmouch H, Naumann F, Novelli N, Thirumuruganathan S (2018) Discovery of genuine functional dependencies from relational data with missing values. Proc VLDB Endowment 11(8):880\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3204028.3204032","journal-title":"Proc VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"667_CR5","unstructured":"Blake CL, Merz CJ (1998) UCI repository of machine learning databases. https:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/index.php"},{"key":"667_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bohannon P, Fan W, Geerts F, Jia X, Kementsietsidis A (2007) Conditional functional dependencies for data cleaning. In: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on data engineering, ICDE \u201907, pp 746\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE.2007.367920","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2007.367920"},{"key":"667_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caruccio L, Deufemia V, Polese G (2016a) On the discovery of relaxed functional dependencies. In: Proceedings of the 20th international database engineering & applications symposium, IDEAS \u201916, pp 53\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2938503.2938519","DOI":"10.1145\/2938503.2938519"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2015.2472010","volume":"28","author":"L Caruccio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caruccio L, Deufemia V, Polese G (2016b) Relaxed functional dependencies\u2013a survey of approaches. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 28(1):147\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2015.2472010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"23","key":"667_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-07951-0","volume":"78","author":"L Caruccio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caruccio L, Deufemia V, Polese G (2019) Visualization of (multimedia) dependencies from big data. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78(23):33151\u201333167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-07951-0","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"issue":"12","key":"667_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.190651","volume":"19","author":"SK Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang SK, Deufemia V, Polese G, Vacca M (2007) A normalization framework for multimedia databases. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 19(12):1666\u20131679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2007.190651","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"667_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2016.11.004","volume":"658","author":"B Chardin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chardin B, Coquery E, Pailloux M, Petit JM (2017) RQL: a query language for rule discovery in databases. Theoret Comput Sci 658:357\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcs.2016.11.004","journal-title":"Theoret Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.14778\/1453856.1453980","volume":"1","author":"F Chiang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiang F, Miller RJ (2008) Discovering data quality rules. Proc VLDB Endowment 1(1):1166\u20131177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/1453856.1453980","journal-title":"Proc VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.250581","volume":"19","author":"AK Elmagarmid","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elmagarmid AK, Ipeirotis PG, Verykios VS (2007) Duplicate record detection: a survey. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 19(1):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2007.250581","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"667_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan W, Geerts F, Lakshmanan LVS, Xiong M (2009) Discovering conditional functional dependencies. In: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on data engineering, ICDE \u201909, pp 1231\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE.2009.208","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2009.208"},{"issue":"4","key":"667_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-010-0206-6","volume":"20","author":"W Fan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fan W, Gao H, Jia X, Li J, Ma S (2011) Dynamic constraints for record matching. VLDB J 20(4):495\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-010-0206-6","journal-title":"VLDB J"},{"issue":"3","key":"667_CR16","first-page":"139","volume":"12","author":"PA Flach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Flach PA, Savnik I (1999) Database dependency discovery: a machine learning approach. AI Commun 12(3):139\u2013160","journal-title":"AI Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"667_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2003.10.006","volume":"29","author":"C Giannella","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giannella C, Robertson E (2004) On approximation measures for functional dependencies. Inf Syst 29(6):483\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.is.2003.10.006","journal-title":"Inf Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.14778\/1453856.1453900","volume":"1","author":"L Golab","year":"2008","unstructured":"Golab L, Karloff H, Korn F, Srivastava D, Yu B (2008) On generating near-optimal tableaux for conditional functional dependencies. Proc VLDB Endowment 1(1):376\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/1453856.1453900","journal-title":"Proc VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"2","key":"667_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/42.2.100","volume":"42","author":"Y Huhtala","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huhtala Y, K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen J, Porkka P, Toivonen H (1999) TANE: an efficient algorithm for discovering functional and approximate dependencies. Comput J 42(2):100\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/comjnl\/42.2.100","journal-title":"Comput J"},{"key":"667_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ilyas IF, Markl V, Haas P, Brown P, Aboulnaga A (2004) CORDS: automatic discovery of correlations and soft functional dependencies. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on management of data, SIGMOD \u201904, pp 647\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1007568.1007641","DOI":"10.1145\/1007568.1007641"},{"key":"667_CR21","volume-title":"Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness","author":"DS Johnson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Johnson DS, Garey MR (1979) Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. WH Freeman, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-015-0401-6","volume":"30","author":"M Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim M, Candan KS (2016) Decomposition-by-normalization (DBN): leveraging approximate functional dependencies for efficient CP and tucker decompositions. Data Min Knowl Disc 30(1):1\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10618-015-0401-6","journal-title":"Data Min Knowl Disc"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1155\/S117391260300004X","volume":"7","author":"RS King","year":"2003","unstructured":"King RS, Legendre JJ (2003) Discovery of functional and approximate functional dependencies in relational databases. Adv Decis Sci 7(1):49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/S117391260300004X","journal-title":"Adv Decis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(95)00028-U","volume":"149","author":"J Kivinen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kivinen J, Mannila H (1995) Approximate inference of functional dependencies from relations. Theoret Comput Sci 149(1):129\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3975(95)00028-U","journal-title":"Theoret Comput Sci"},{"key":"667_CR25","volume-title":"Algorithm design","author":"J Kleinberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kleinberg J, Tardos E (2006) Algorithm design. Pearson Education India, New Delhi"},{"key":"667_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwashie S, Liu J, Li J, Ye F (2014) Mining differential dependencies: a subspace clustering approach. In: Proceedings of the 25th Australasian database conference, ADC \u201914, pp 50\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08608-8_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08608-8_5"},{"key":"667_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwashie S, Liu J, Li J, Ye F (2015) Efficient discovery of differential dependencies through association rules mining. In: Proceedings of the 26th Australasian database conference, ADC \u201915, pp 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19548-3_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19548-3_1"},{"key":"667_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee ML, Ling TW, Low WL (2002) Designing functional dependencies for XML. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on extending database technology, EDBT \u201902, pp 124\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45876-X_10","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45876-X_10"},{"issue":"8","key":"667_CR29","first-page":"707","volume":"10","author":"VI Levenshtein","year":"1966","unstructured":"Levenshtein VI (1966) Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Sov Phys Dokl 10(8):707\u2013710","journal-title":"Sov Phys Dokl"},{"issue":"4","key":"667_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2006.1599385","volume":"18","author":"J Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li J (2006) On optimal rule discovery. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 18(4):460\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2006.1599385","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"667_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2010.197","volume":"24","author":"J Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu J, Li J, Liu C, Chen Y (2012) Discover dependencies from data\u2013a review. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 24(2):251\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2010.197","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"667_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopes S, Petit JM, Lakhal L (2000) Efficient discovery of functional dependencies and Armstrong relations. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on extending database technology, EDBT \u201900, pp 350\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-46439-5_24","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46439-5_24"},{"key":"667_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nambiar U, Kambhampati S (2004) Mining approximate functional dependencies and concept similarities to answer imprecise queries. In: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on the web and databases, WebDB \u201904, pp 73\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1017074.1017093","DOI":"10.1145\/1017074.1017093"},{"key":"667_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Novelli N, Cicchetti R (2001) FUN: an efficient algorithm for mining functional and embedded dependencies. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference database theory, ICDT \u201901, pp 189\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44503-X_13","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44503-X_13"},{"key":"667_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papenbrock T, Naumann F (2016) A hybrid approach to functional dependency discovery. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGMOD international conference on management of data, SIGMOD \u201916, pp 821\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2882903.2915203","DOI":"10.1145\/2882903.2915203"},{"issue":"12","key":"667_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.14778\/2824032.2824086","volume":"8","author":"T Papenbrock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papenbrock T, Bergmann T, Finke M, Zwiener J, Naumann F (2015a) Data profiling with Metanome. Proc VLDB Endowment 8(12):1860\u20131863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/2824032.2824086","journal-title":"Proc VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"10","key":"667_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.14778\/2794367.2794377","volume":"8","author":"T Papenbrock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papenbrock T, Ehrlich J, Marten J, Neubert T, Rudolph JP, Sch\u00f6nberg M, Zwiener J, Naumann F (2015b) Functional dependency discovery: an experimental evaluation of seven algorithms. Proc VLDB Endowment 8(10):1082\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/2794367.2794377","journal-title":"Proc VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"2","key":"667_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1145\/42338.42344","volume":"13","author":"KVSVN Raju","year":"1988","unstructured":"Raju KVSVN, Majumdar AK (1988) Fuzzy functional dependencies and lossless join decomposition of fuzzy relational database systems. ACM Trans Database Syst 13(2):129\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/42338.42344","journal-title":"ACM Trans Database Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"667_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-008-0092-3","volume":"16","author":"D S\u00e1nchez","year":"2008","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez D, Serrano JM, Blanco I, Mart\u00edn-Bautista MJ, Vila MA (2008) Using association rules to mine for strong approximate dependencies. Data Min Knowl Disc 16(3):313\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10618-008-0092-3","journal-title":"Data Min Knowl Disc"},{"key":"667_CR40","unstructured":"Song S (2010) Data dependencies in the presence of difference. PhD thesis, The Hong Kong University"},{"key":"667_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1145\/2000824.2000826","volume":"36","author":"S Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song S, Chen L (2011) Differential dependencies: reasoning and discovery. ACM Trans Database Syst 36:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2000824.2000826","journal-title":"ACM Trans Database Syst"},{"key":"667_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2013.06.003","volume":"87","author":"S Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song S, Chen L (2013) Efficient discovery of similarity constraints for matching dependencies. Data Knowl Eng 87:146\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.datak.2013.06.003","journal-title":"Data Knowl Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"667_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2013.84","volume":"26","author":"S Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song S, Chen L, Cheng H (2014) Efficient determination of distance thresholds for differential dependencies. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 26(9):2179\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2013.84","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"667_CR44","unstructured":"Song S, Sun Y, Zhang A, Chen L, Wang J (2018) Enriching data imputation under similarity rule constraints. To appear in IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering"},{"key":"667_CR45","unstructured":"Szlichta J, Golab L, Srivastava D (2015) On axiomatization and inference complexity over a hierarchy of functional dependencies. In: Proceedings of the 9th Alberto Mendelzon international workshop on foundations of data management, AMW \u201915"},{"issue":"1","key":"667_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1145\/7531.7918","volume":"34","author":"V Vianu","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vianu V (1987) Dynamic functional dependencies and database aging. J ACM 34(1):28\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/7531.7918","journal-title":"J ACM"},{"key":"667_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wyss C, Giannella C, Robertson E (2001) FastFDs: a heuristic-driven, depth-first algorithm for mining functional dependencies from relation instances extended abstract. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on data warehousing and knowledge discovery, DaWaK \u201901, pp 101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44801-2_11","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44801-2_11"},{"issue":"2","key":"667_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-007-0083-9","volume":"16","author":"H Yao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yao H, Hamilton HJ (2007) Mining functional dependencies from data. Data Min Knowl Disc 16(2):197\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10618-007-0083-9","journal-title":"Data Min Knowl Disc"},{"key":"667_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao H, Hamilton HJ, Butz CJ (2002) FD\\_Mine: Discovering functional dependencies in a database using equivalences. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on data mining, ICDM \u201902, pp 729\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDM.2002.1184040","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2002.1184040"}],"container-title":["Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10618-019-00667-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10618-019-00667-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10618-019-00667-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:13:06Z","timestamp":1608595986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10618-019-00667-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10618-019-00667-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1384-5810","1573-756X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1384-5810","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-756X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}