{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:08:14Z","timestamp":1756310894306},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,7]],"date-time":"2014-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-014-9368-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T08:43:49Z","timestamp":1418028229000},"page":"1071-1094","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A study of readability of texts in Bangla through machine learning approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Manjira","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"9368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agnihotri, R. K. (2008). 13 orality and literacy. Language in South Asia, page 271.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511619069.016"},{"issue":"6","key":"9368_CR2","first-page":"512","volume":"37","author":"R Bamberger","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bamberger, R., & Rabin, A. T. (1984). New approaches to readability: Austrian research. The Reading Teacher, 37(6), 512\u2013519.","journal-title":"The Reading Teacher"},{"issue":"10","key":"9368_CR3","first-page":"203","volume":"11","author":"D Basak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Basak, D., Pal, S., & Patranabis, D. C. (2007). Support vector regression. Neural Information Processing-Letters and Reviews, 11(10), 203\u2013224.","journal-title":"Neural Information Processing-Letters and Reviews"},{"key":"9368_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-011-9181-8","volume":"24","author":"R Benjamin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benjamin, R. (2012). Reconstructing readability: Recent developments and recommendations in the analysis of text difficulty. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 1\u201326.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.83.3.329","volume":"83","author":"B Britton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Britton, B., & G\u00fclg\u00f6z, S. (1991). Using kintsch\u2019s computational model to improve instructional text: Effects of repairing inference calls on recall and cognitive structures. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 329.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9368_CR6","unstructured":"Buswell, G. (1937). How adults read. University of Chicago."},{"key":"9368_CR7","unstructured":"Chakraborti, P. (2003). Diglossia in Bengali. PhD thesis, University of New Mexico."},{"key":"9368_CR8","unstructured":"Chall, J. (1958). Readability: An appraisal of research and application. Number 34. Ohio State University."},{"key":"9368_CR9","volume-title":"Readability revisited: The new Dale-Chall readability formula, volume 118","author":"J Chall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chall, J. (1995). Readability revisited: The new Dale-Chall readability formula, volume 118. Cambridge: Brookline Books."},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR10","first-page":"27","volume":"2","author":"C-C Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C.-J. (2011). Libsvm: a library for support vector machines. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), 2(3), 27.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)"},{"key":"9368_CR11","unstructured":"Collins-Thompson, K. and Callan, J. (2004). A language modeling approach to predicting reading difficulty. In Proceedings of HLT\/NAACL, volume 4"},{"issue":"13","key":"9368_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20243","volume":"56","author":"K Collins-Thompson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Collins-Thompson, K., & Callan, J. (2005). Predicting reading difficulty with statistical language models. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56(13), 1448\u20131462.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR13","first-page":"273","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes, C., & Vapnik, V. (1995). Support-vector networks. Machine Learning, 20(3), 273\u2013297.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-004-1959-x","volume":"30","author":"N Cotugna","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cotugna, N., Vickery, C., & Carpenter-Haefele, K. (2005). Evaluation of literacy level of patient education pages in health-related journals. Journal of Community Health, 30(3), 213\u2013219.","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"key":"9368_CR15","unstructured":"Crossley, S., Dufty, D., McCarthy, P., & McNamara, D. (2007). Toward a new readability: A mixed model approach. In Proceedings of the 29th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 197\u2013202."},{"key":"9368_CR16","unstructured":"Dale, E., & Chall, J. (1948). A formula for predicting readability. Educational research bulletin, pp. 11\u201328."},{"issue":"01","key":"9368_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/09296170500500843","volume":"13","author":"S Das","year":"2006","unstructured":"Das, S., & Roychoudhury, R. (2006). Readability modelling and comparison of one and two parametric fit: a case study in bangla*. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 13(01), 17\u201334.","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics"},{"key":"9368_CR18","first-page":"155","volume":"9","author":"H Drucker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Drucker, H., Burges, C. J., Kaufman, L., Smola, A., & Vapnik, V. (1997). Support vector regression machines. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 9, 155\u2013161.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"9368_CR19","unstructured":"DuBay, W. (2004). The principles of readability. Impact Information, 1\u201376."},{"key":"9368_CR20","unstructured":"DuBay, W. (2007). Smart Language: Readers, Readability, and the Grading of Text. ERIC."},{"issue":"2","key":"9368_CR21","first-page":"325","volume":"15","author":"CA Ferguson","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ferguson, C. A. (1959). Diglossia. Word-Journal of the International Linguistic Association, 15(2), 325\u2013340.","journal-title":"Word-Journal of the International Linguistic Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057532","volume":"32","author":"R Flesch","year":"1948","unstructured":"Flesch, R. (1948). A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3), 221.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9368_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539809545029","volume":"25","author":"P Foltz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Foltz, P., Kintsch, W., & Landauer, T. (1998). The measurement of textual coherence with latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes, 25(2\u20133), 285\u2013307.","journal-title":"Discourse Processes"},{"issue":"7","key":"9368_CR24","first-page":"513","volume":"11","author":"E Fry","year":"1968","unstructured":"Fry, E. (1968). A readability formula that saves time. Journal of Reading, 11(7), 513\u2013578.","journal-title":"Journal of Reading"},{"issue":"5","key":"9368_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X11413260","volume":"40","author":"A Graesser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graesser, A., McNamara, D., & Kulikowich, J. (2011). Coh-metrix providing multilevel analyses of text characteristics. Educational Researcher, 40(5), 223\u2013234.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"2","key":"9368_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195564","volume":"36","author":"A Graesser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graesser, A., McNamara, D., Louwerse, M., & Cai, Z. (2004). Coh-metrix: Analysis of text on cohesion and language. Behavior Research Methods, 36(2), 193\u2013202.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"9368_CR27","volume-title":"The technique of clear writing","author":"R Gunning","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gunning, R. (1968). The technique of clear writing. NewYork: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"9368_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilman, M., Collins-Thompson, K., and Eskenazi, M. (2008). An analysis of statistical models and features for reading difficulty prediction. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, (pp. 71\u201379). Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.3115\/1631836.1631845"},{"key":"9368_CR29","unstructured":"Islam, Z., Mehler, A., Rahman, R., and Texttechnology, A. (2012). Text readability classification of textbooks of a low-resource language. In Proceedings of the 26th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information, and Computation."},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.75.3.391","volume":"75","author":"S Kemper","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kemper, S. (1983). Measuring the inference load of a text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(3), 391.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9368_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kincaid, J. P., Fishburne Jr, R. P., Rogers, R. L., and Chissom, B. S. (1975). Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count and flesch reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel. Technical report, DTIC Document.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA006655"},{"issue":"5","key":"9368_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.5.363","volume":"85","author":"W Kintsch","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kintsch, W., & Van Dijk, T. (1978). Toward a model of text comprehension and production. Psychological Review, 85(5), 363.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"9368_CR33","volume-title":"The mesaurement of readability","author":"G Klare","year":"1963","unstructured":"Klare, G. (1963). The mesaurement of readability. Ames: Iowa State University Press."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9368_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539809545028","volume":"25","author":"T Landauer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Landauer, T., Foltz, P., & Laham, D. (1998). An introduction to latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes, 25(2\u20133), 259\u2013284.","journal-title":"Discourse Processes"},{"key":"9368_CR35","volume-title":"The atos readability formula for books and how it compares to other formulas","author":"R Learning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Learning, R. (2001). The atos readability formula for books and how it compares to other formulas. Madison: School Renaissance Institute."},{"key":"9368_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Croft, W., Oh, P., and Hart, D. (2004). Automatic recognition of reading levels from user queries. In Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, (pp. 548\u2013549). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009114"},{"key":"9368_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809071","volume-title":"Introduction to information retrieval, volume 1","author":"CD Manning","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manning, C. D., Raghavan, P., & Sch\u00fctze, H. (2008). Introduction to information retrieval, volume 1. Cambridge: University Press Cambridge."},{"issue":"8","key":"9368_CR38","first-page":"639","volume":"12","author":"G McLaughlin","year":"1969","unstructured":"McLaughlin, G. (1969). Smog grading: A new readability formula. Journal of Reading, 12(8), 639\u2013646.","journal-title":"Journal of Reading"},{"issue":"4","key":"9368_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/01638530902959943","volume":"47","author":"D McNamara","year":"2010","unstructured":"McNamara, D., Louwerse, M., McCarthy, P., & Graesser, A. (2010). Coh-metrix: Capturing linguistic features of cohesion. Discourse Processes, 47(4), 292\u2013330.","journal-title":"Discourse Processes"},{"key":"9368_CR40","unstructured":"Miltsakaki, E., & Troutt, A. (2007). Read-x: Automatic evaluation of reading difficulty of web text. In Proceedings of E-Automatic evaluation of reading difficulty of web text. In Proceedings of ELearn."},{"key":"9368_CR41","unstructured":"Montgomery, D., Peck, E., and Vining, G. (2007). Introduction to linear regression analysis, volume 49. Wiley."},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327574ijt0403_3","volume":"4","author":"T Oakland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oakland, T., & Lane, H. (2004). Language, reading, and readability formulas: Implications for developing and adapting tests. International Journal of Testing, 4(3), 239\u2013252.","journal-title":"International Journal of Testing"},{"issue":"1","key":"9368_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2008.04.003","volume":"23","author":"SE Petersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petersen, S. E., & Ostendorf, M. (2009). A machine learning approach to reading level assessment. Computer Speech & Language, 23(1), 89\u2013106.","journal-title":"Computer Speech & Language"},{"key":"9368_CR44","unstructured":"Rabin, A., Zakaluk, B., and Samuels, S. (1988). Determining difficulty levels of text written in languages other than english. Readability: Its past, present & future. Newark DE: International Reading Association, (pp. 46\u201376)."},{"key":"9368_CR45","unstructured":"Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. Fuzzy grammar: a reader (pp. 91\u2013108)."},{"key":"9368_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarm, S. and Ostendorf, M. (2005). Reading level assessment using support vector machines and statistical language models. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, (pp. 523\u2013530). Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.3115\/1219840.1219905"},{"key":"9368_CR47","volume-title":"Analytics of literature: A manual for the objective study of english poetry and prose","author":"L Sherman","year":"1893","unstructured":"Sherman, L. (1893). Analytics of literature: A manual for the objective study of english poetry and prose. Boston: Ginn."},{"issue":"4","key":"9368_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1145\/944012.944017","volume":"21","author":"L Si","year":"2003","unstructured":"Si, L., & Callan, J. (2003). A semisupervised learning method to merge search engine results. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 21(4), 457\u2013491.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)"},{"issue":"3","key":"9368_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/B:STCO.0000035301.49549.88","volume":"14","author":"AJ Smola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smola, A. J., & Sch\u00f6lkopf, B. (2004). A tutorial on support vector regression. Statistics and Computing, 14(3), 199\u2013222.","journal-title":"Statistics and Computing"},{"key":"9368_CR50","unstructured":"Stenner, A. (1996). Measuring reading comprehension with the lexile framework."},{"issue":"4","key":"9368_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980343000477","volume":"57","author":"M Taft","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taft, M. (2004). Morphological decomposition and the reverse base frequency effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 57(4), 745\u2013765.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A"},{"key":"9368_CR52","unstructured":"vor der Br\u00fcck, T., Helbig, H., Leveling, J., & Kommunikationssysteme, I. (2008). The Readability Checker Delite: Technical Report. FernUniv., Fak. f\u00fcr Mathematik und Informatik."},{"key":"9368_CR53","unstructured":"Zar, J. (1998). Spearman rank correlation. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics."}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-014-9368-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-014-9368-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-014-9368-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]],"date-time":"2019-08-18T02:47:53Z","timestamp":1566096473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-014-9368-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-014-9368-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,7]]}}}