{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:47:37Z","timestamp":1784180857806,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507161600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-017-9645-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T02:11:05Z","timestamp":1507169465000},"page":"957-984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Application of learning analytics using clustering data Mining for Students\u2019 disposition analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanyam","family":"Bharara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Sabitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9645_CR1","unstructured":"Agus, A., & bin Mohamed Makhbul, Z. K. (2002). An empirical study on academic achievement of business students in pursuing higher education: An emphasis on the influence of family backgrounds. New paradigm of borderless education: challenges, strategies, and implications for effective education through localization and, 168."},{"key":"9645_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aher, S. B., & Lobo, L. (2012, August). Applicability of data mining algorithms for recommendation system in e-learning. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (pp. 1034-1040). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2345396.2345562"},{"issue":"8","key":"9645_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.14257\/ijdta.2016.9.8.13","volume":"9","author":"EA Amrieh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amrieh, E. A., Hamtini, T., & Aljarah, I. (2016). Mining educational data to predict Student\u2019s academic performance using ensemble methods. International Journal of Database Theory and Application, 9(8), 119\u2013136.","journal-title":"International Journal of Database Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"9645_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-012-9235-8","volume":"60","author":"PD Antonenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonenko, P. D., Toy, S., & Niederhauser, D. S. (2012). Using cluster analysis for data mining in educational technology research. Educational Technology Research and Development, 60(3), 383\u2013398.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"9645_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold, K. E., & Pistilli, M. D. (2012, April). Course signals at Purdue: Using learning analytics to increase student success. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on learning analytics and knowledge (pp. 267-270). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2330601.2330666"},{"issue":"2","key":"9645_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/08923647.2017.1300461","volume":"31","author":"S Arora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arora, S., Goel, M., Sabitha, A. S., & Mehrotra, D. (2017). Learner groups in massive open online courses. American Journal of Distance Education, 31(2), 80\u201397.","journal-title":"American Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"9645_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, R. S., & Inventado, P. S. (2014). Educational data mining and learning analytics. In Learning analytics (pp. 61-75). Springer New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3305-7_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"9645_CR8","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"RS Baker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baker, R. S., & Yacef, K. (2009). The state of educational data mining in 2009: A review and future visions. JEDM-Journal of Educational Data Mining, 1(1), 3\u201317.","journal-title":"JEDM-Journal of Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"9645_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banumathi, A., & Pethalakshmi, A. (2012, January). A novel approach for upgrading Indian education by using data mining techniques. In Technology Enhanced Education (ICTEE), 2012 I.E. International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTEE.2012.6208603"},{"key":"9645_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharara, S., Sabitha, A. S., & Bansal, A. (2017, January). A review on knowledge extraction for business operations using data mining. In Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering-Confluence, 2017 7th International Conference on (pp. 512-518). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CONFLUENCE.2017.7943205"},{"key":"9645_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bovo, A., Sanchez, S., H\u00e9guy, O., & Duthen, Y. (2013, September). Clustering moodle data as a tool for profiling students. In e-Learning and e-Technologies in Education (ICEEE), 2013 Second International Conference on (pp. 121-126). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICeLeTE.2013.6644359"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"9645_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTEL.2012.051815","volume":"4","author":"MA Chatti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chatti, M. A., Dyckhoff, A. L., Schroeder, U., & Th\u00fcs, H. (2012). A reference model for learning analytics. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(5\u20136), 318\u2013331.","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning"},{"key":"9645_CR13","unstructured":"Chatti, M. A., Lukarov, V., Th\u00fcs, H., Muslim, A., Yousef, A. M. F., Wahid, U., ... & Schroeder, U. (2014). Learning analytics: Challenges and future research directions. Retrieved June, 24, 2016 on, vol. 37, pp. 1349\u20131359, 2007."},{"key":"9645_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chellatamilan, T., Ravichandran, M., Suresh, R. M., & Kulanthaivel, G. (2011, July). Effect of mining educational data to improve adaptation of learning in e-learning system. In Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2011), International Conference on (pp. 922-927). IET.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2011.0499"},{"issue":"6","key":"9645_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.900641","volume":"37","author":"CM Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, C. M., Chen, Y. Y., & Liu, C. Y. (2007). Learning performance assessment approach using web-based learning portfolios for e-learning systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, 37(6), 1349\u20131359.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"9645_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2307\/41703503","volume":"36","author":"H Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., & Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.\u00a0MIS Quarterly,\u00a036(4), 1165\u20131188.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"9645_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.06.140","volume":"36","author":"HC Chu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chu, H. C., Chen, T. Y., Lin, C. J., Liao, M. J., & Chen, Y. M. (2009). Development of an adaptive learning case recommendation approach for problem-based e-learning on mathematics teaching for students with mild disabilities. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), 5456\u20135468.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"9645_CR18","unstructured":"Cobo, G., Garc\u00eda-Sol\u00f3rzano, D., Santamar\u00eda, E., Mor\u00e1n, J. A., Melench\u00f3n, J., & Monzo, C. (2010, June). Modeling students' activity in online discussion forums: A strategy based on time series and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. In Educational Data Mining 2011."},{"key":"9645_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobo, G., Garc\u00eda-Sol\u00f3rzano, D., Mor\u00e1n, J. A., Santamar\u00eda, E., Monzo, C., & Melench\u00f3n, J. (2012, April). Using agglomerative hierarchical clustering to model learner participation profiles in online discussion forums. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (pp. 248-251). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2330601.2330660"},{"issue":"3","key":"9645_CR20","first-page":"3","volume":"32","author":"D Cohn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohn, D., & Hull, R. (2009). Business artifacts: A data-centric approach to modeling business operations and processes.\u00a0IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin,\u00a032(3), 3-9.","journal-title":"IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin"},{"key":"9645_CR21","unstructured":"DeKalb, J. (1999).\u00a0Student absence without permission (Student Truancy).\u00a0ERIC Digest."},{"key":"9645_CR22","unstructured":"Desire2Learn (2012). Desire2Learn Client Success Story: Austin Peay State University. Retrieved from http:\/\/content.brightspace.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Desire2Learn_Success_Story-Degree-Compass-APSU.pdf ."},{"key":"9645_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dr\u00e1\u017edilov\u00e1, P., Martinovic, J., Slaninov\u00e1, K., & Sn\u00e1\u0161el, V. (2008, December). Analysis of relations in eLearning. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology-Volume 03 (pp. 373-376). IEEE computer society.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIIAT.2008.250"},{"key":"9645_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duval, E. (2011, February). Attention please!: Learning analytics for visualization and recommendation. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (pp. 9-17). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2090116.2090118"},{"key":"9645_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eranki, K. L., & Moudgalya, K. M. (2012, July). Evaluation of web based behavioral interventions using spoken tutorials. In Technology for Education (T4E), 2012 I.E. Fourth International Conference on (pp. 38-45). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/T4E.2012.12"},{"key":"9645_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0335.00239","volume":"68","author":"J Ermisch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ermisch, J., & Francesconi, M. (2001). Family matter: Impacts of family background on educational attainment. Economica, 68, 137\u2013156.","journal-title":"Economica"},{"issue":"3","key":"9645_CR27","first-page":"37","volume":"17","author":"U Fayyad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fayyad, U., Piatetsky-Shapiro, G., & Smyth, P. (1996). From data mining to knowledge discovery in databases. AI Magazine, 17(3), 37.","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"9645_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTEL.2012.051816","volume":"4","author":"R Ferguson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferguson, R. (2012). Learning analytics: Drivers, developments and challenges. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(5\u20136), 304\u2013317.","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning"},{"key":"9645_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghorbani, F., & Montazer, G. A. (2012, February). Learners grouping improvement in e-learning environment using fuzzy inspired PSO method. In E-Learning and E-Teaching (ICELET), 2012 Third International Conference on (pp. 65-70). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELET.2012.6333367"},{"key":"9645_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Govindarajan, K., Somasundaram, T. S., & Kumar, V. S. (2013, December). Continuous clustering in big data learning analytics. In Technology for Education (T4E), 2013 I.E. Fifth International Conference on (pp. 61-64). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/T4E.2013.23"},{"issue":"3","key":"9645_CR31","first-page":"42","volume":"15","author":"W Greller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greller, W., & Drachsler, H. (2012). Translating learning into numbers: A generic framework for learning analytics. Educational Technology & Society, 15(3), 42\u201357.","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"9645_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2014.938019","volume":"40","author":"S Gunuc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunuc, S., & Kuzu, A. (2015). Student engagement scale: Development, reliability and validity. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(4), 587\u2013610.","journal-title":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"9645_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","volume":"77","author":"J Hattie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/003465430298487 .","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"9645_CR34","unstructured":"Heiner, C., Heffernan, N., & Barnes, T. (2007, July). Educational data mining. In Supplementary Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education."},{"key":"9645_CR35","unstructured":"Jili, C., Kebin, H., Feng, W., and Huixia, W. (2009). E-learning behavior analysis based on fuzzy clustering. In genetic and evolutionary computing, 2009. WGEC '09. 3rd International conference on, Guilin, 2009, (pp. 863-866)."},{"key":"9645_CR36","unstructured":"Kaggle (2016). Students\u2019 Academic Performance Dataset: xAPI-Educational Mining Dataset for Data Science. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/aljarah\/xAPI-Edu-Data ."},{"key":"9645_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kizilcec, R. F., Piech, C., & Schneider, E. (2013, April). Deconstructing disengagement: Analyzing learner subpopulations in massive open online courses. In Proceedings of the third international conference on learning analytics and knowledge (pp. 170-179). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2460296.2460330"},{"key":"9645_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhlmann, M., Shohat, D., & Schimpf, G. (2003, June). Role mining-revealing business roles for security administration using data mining technology. In Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies (pp. 179-186). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/775412.775435"},{"key":"9645_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahane, S. V., Kharat, M. U., & Halgaonkar, P. S. (2012, November). Divisive approach of clustering for educational data. In Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICETET), 2012 Fifth International Conference on (pp. 191-195). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETET.2012.55"},{"issue":"3","key":"9645_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.01.036","volume":"34","author":"SH Liao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liao, S. H., Chen, C. M., & Wu, C. H. (2008). Mining customer knowledge for product line and brand extension in retailing. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(3), 1763\u20131776.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"9645_CR41","unstructured":"Lias, T. E., & Elias, T. (2011). Learning Analytics."},{"issue":"2","key":"9645_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2012.667064","volume":"47","author":"EB Mandinach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandinach, E. B. (2012). A perfect time for data use: Using data-driven decision making to inform practice. Educational Psychologist, 47(2), 71\u201385.","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"9645_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506335568","volume-title":"Transforming teaching and learning through data-driven decision making","author":"EB Mandinach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandinach, E. B., & Jackson, S. S. (2012). Transforming teaching and learning through data-driven decision making. Corwin: Thousand Oaks."},{"key":"9645_CR44","unstructured":"Meit, S. S., Borges, N. J., Cubic, B. A., & Seibel, H. R. (2004). Personality differences in incoming male and female medical students. Online Submission."},{"issue":"5","key":"9645_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.03.006","volume":"22","author":"CS Ong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ong, C. S., & Lai, J. Y. (2006). Gender differences in perceptions and relationships among dominants of e-learning acceptance. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(5), 816\u2013829.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9645_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parack, S., Zahid, Z., & Merchant, F. (2012, January). Application of data mining in educational databases for predicting academic trends and patterns. In Technology Enhanced Education (ICTEE), 2012 I.E. International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTEE.2012.6208617"},{"key":"9645_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"2001","author":"S Putrevu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Putrevu, S. (2001). Exploring the origins and information processing differences between men and women: Implications for advertisers. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 2001, 1.","journal-title":"Academy of Marketing Science Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"9645_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2053532","volume":"40","author":"C Romero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Romero, C., & Ventura, S. (2010). Educational data mining: A review of the state of the art. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, 40(6), 601\u2013618.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"9645_CR49","first-page":"59","volume":"2","author":"S Rothman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rothman, S. (2001). School absence and student background factors: A multilevel analysis. International Education Journal, 2(1), 59\u201368.","journal-title":"International Education Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"9645_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-015-9385-5","volume":"21","author":"AS Sabitha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabitha, A. S., Mehrotra, D., & Bansal, A. (2016a). Delivery of learning knowledge objects using fuzzy clustering. Education and Information Technologies, 21(5), 1329\u20131349.","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"6","key":"9645_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-015-9416-2","volume":"21","author":"AS Sabitha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabitha, A. S., Mehrotra, D., Bansal, A., & Sharma, B. K. (2016b). A naive bayes approach for converging learning objects with open educational resources. Education and Information Technologies, 21(6), 1753\u20131767.","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"9645_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-016-9516-7","volume":"22","author":"AS Sabitha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabitha, A. S., Mehrotra, D., & Bansal, A. (2017). An ensemble approach in converging contents of LMS and KMS. Education and Information Technologies, 22(4), 1673\u20131694.","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"9645_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salazar, A., Gosalbez, J., Bosch, I., Miralles, R., & Vergara, L. (2004). A case study of knowledge discovery on academic achievement, student desertion and student retention. In Information Technology: Research and Education, 2004. ITRE 2004. 2nd International Conference on (pp. 150-154). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITRE.2004.1393665"},{"key":"9645_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheuer, O., & McLaren, B. M. (2012). Educational data mining. In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 1075-1079). Springer US.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1428-6_618"},{"key":"9645_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahiri, A. M., & Husain, W. (2015). A review on predicting student's performance using data mining techniques. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 414-422.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.12.157"},{"key":"9645_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siemens, G., & d Baker, R. S. (2012, April). Learning analytics and educational data mining: Towards communication and collaboration. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on learning analytics and knowledge (pp. 252-254). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2330601.2330661"},{"issue":"5","key":"9645_CR57","first-page":"30","volume":"46","author":"G Siemens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Siemens, G., & Long, P. (2011). Penetrating the fog: Analytics in learning and education. Educause Review, 46(5), 30.","journal-title":"Educause Review"},{"key":"9645_CR58","unstructured":"Stovall, I. (2003). Engagement and online learning. UIS community of practice for e-Learning, 3, 2014."},{"key":"9645_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, F., Wang, S., Zheng, C., & Zheng, Q. (2008, April). Research on e-learner personality grouping based on fuzzy clustering analysis. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2008. CSCWD 2008. 12th International Conference on (pp. 1035-1040). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCWD.2008.4537122"},{"key":"9645_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tie, Z., Jin, R., Zhuang, H., & Wang, Z. (2010, June). The research on teaching method of basics course of computer based on cluster analysis. In Computer and Information Technology (CIT), 2010 I.E. 10th International Conference on (pp. 2001-2004). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT.2010.338"},{"issue":"2","key":"9645_CR61","first-page":"154","volume":"15","author":"S Valsamidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valsamidis, S., Kontogiannis, S., Kazanidis, I., Theodosiou, T., & Karakos, A. (2012). A clustering methodology of web log data for learning management systems. Educational Technology & Society, 15(2), 154\u2013167.","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"9645_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijayanto, F. (2015, November). Indonesia education quality: Does distance to the capital matter?(a clustering approach on elementary school intakes and outputs qualities). In Science and Technology (TICST), 2015 International Conference on (pp. 318-322). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/TICST.2015.7369378"},{"key":"9645_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wook, M., Yahaya, Y. H., Wahab, N., Isa, M. R. M., Awang, N. F., & Seong, H. Y. (2009, December). Predicting NDUM student's academic performance using data mining techniques. In Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2009. ICCEE'09. Second International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 357-361). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEE.2009.168"},{"key":"9645_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J. W., Gu, S. M., & He, L. (2010, June). A novel approach to clustering access patterns in e-learning environment. In Education Technology and Computer (ICETC), 2010 2nd International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. V1-393). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETC.2010.5529224"},{"key":"9645_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, X., & Jia, Y. (2011, December). A study on educational data clustering approach based on improved particle swarm optimizer. In IT in Medicine and Education (ITME), 2011 International Symposium on (Vol. 2, pp. 442-445). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITiME.2011.6132144"},{"key":"9645_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Q., Ding, J., Du, J., & Tian, F. (2007, April). Assessing method for e-learner clustering. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2007. CSCWD 2007. 11th International Conference on (pp. 979-983). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCWD.2007.4281571"},{"key":"9645_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorrilla, M. E., Menasalvas, E., Marin, D., Mora, E., & Segovia, J. (2005, February). Web usage mining project for improving web-based learning sites. In International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (pp. 205\u2013210). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/11556985_26"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-017-9645-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-017-9645-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-017-9645-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:31:46Z","timestamp":1750897906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-017-9645-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-017-9645-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]}}}