{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T01:54:45Z","timestamp":1775181285753,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-019-10022-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T09:28:50Z","timestamp":1572168530000},"page":"1333-1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Grade prediction of weekly assignments in MOOCS: mining video-viewing behavior"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"David John","family":"Lemay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tenzin","family":"Doleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10022_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1391","volume":"22","author":"P Agarwal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agarwal, P., Karpicke, J., Kang, S., Roediger, H., & McDermott, K. (2008). Examining the testing effect with open- and closed-book tests. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22(7), 861\u2013876. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acp.1391\n\n.","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10022_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashenafi, M. M., Riccardi, G., & Ronchetti, M. (2015). Predicting students\u2019 final exam scores from their course activities. In 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1\u20139). IEEE. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIE.2015.7344081\n\n.","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2015.7344081"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-005-1272-9","volume":"33","author":"R Azevedo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azevedo, R., & Hadwin, A. F. (2005). Scaffolding Self-regulated Learning and Metacognition \u2013 Implications for the Design of Computer-based Scaffolds. Instructional Science, 33(5\u20136), 367\u2013379. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11251-005-1272-9\n\n.","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s41686-018-0020-x","volume":"2","author":"P Bazelais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bazelais, P., Lemay, D. J., & Doleck, T. (2018). Examining the Link Between Prior Achievement in Secondary Education and Performance in College: Using Data from Pre-University Physics Courses. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 2(2), 114\u2013120. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41686-018-0020-x\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Formative Design in Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1991.10702818","volume":"85","author":"R Bangert-Drowns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bangert-Drowns, R., Kulik, J., & Kulik, C. (1991). Effects of Frequent Classroom Testing. The Journal of Educational Research, 85(2), 89\u201399. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.1991.10702818\n\n.","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"10022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bozkurt, A., Akg\u00fcn-\u00d6zbek, E., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2017). Trends and Patterns in Massive Open Online Courses: Review and Content Analysis of Research on MOOCs (2008-2015). The International Review Of Research In Open And Distributed Learning, 18(5). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v18i5.3080\n\n.","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v18i5.3080"},{"key":"10022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.013","volume":"51","author":"T Brahimi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brahimi, T., & Sarirete, A. (2015). Learning outside the classroom through MOOCs. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 604\u2013609. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.013\n\n.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinton, C. G., & Chiang, M. (2015). MOOC Performance Prediction via Clickstream Data and Social Learning Networks. IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2299\u20132307.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2015.7218617"},{"issue":"2","key":"10022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X14523038","volume":"43","author":"J DeBoer","year":"2014","unstructured":"DeBoer, J., Ho, A. D., Stump, G. S., & Breslow, L. (2014). Changing \u201cCourse\u201d. Educational Researcher, 43(2), 74\u201384. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0013189X14523038\n\n.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"10022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15991","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2017.2654247","volume":"5","author":"A Dutt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dutt, A., Ismail, M., & Herawan, T. (2017). A Systematic Review on Educational Data Mining. IEEE Access, 5, 15991\u201316005. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2017.2654247\n\n.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2013.878352","volume":"39","author":"M Ebben","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ebben, M., & Murphy, J. (2014). Unpacking MOOC scholarly discourse: a review of nascent MOOC scholarship. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(3), 328\u2013345.","journal-title":"Learning, Media and Technology"},{"key":"10022_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.05.019","volume":"113","author":"M Formanek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Formanek, M., Wenger, M., Buxner, S., Impey, C., & Sonam, T. (2017). Insights about large-scale online peer assessment from an analysis of an astronomy MOOC. Computers & Education, 113, 243\u2013262. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.05.019\n\n.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1656274.1656278","volume":"11","author":"M Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall, M., Frank, E., Holmes, G., Pfahringer, B., Reutemann, P., & Witten, I. (2009). The WEKA data mining software. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 11(1), 10. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1656274.1656278\n\n.","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"issue":"1","key":"10022_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-09-2015-0382","volume":"116","author":"J Henseler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2\u201320. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/imds-09-2015-0382\n\n.","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"key":"10022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong, B., Wei, Z., & Yang, Y. (2017). Online education performance prediction via time-related features. In 2017 IEEE\/ACIS 16th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS) (pp. 95\u2013100). IEEE. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIS.2017.7959976","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIS.2017.7959976"},{"key":"10022_CR16","unstructured":"Hulse, T., Harrison, A., Ostrow, K. S., Botelho, A. F., & Heffernan, N. T. (2018). Starters and Finishers: Predicting Next Assignment Completion from Student Behavior During Math Problem Solving. In K. E. Boyer & M. Yudelson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (pp. 525\u2013528). Buffalo, NY: International Educational Data Mining Society."},{"key":"10022_CR17","unstructured":"Jansen, D., & Schuwer, R. (2015). Institutional MOOC strategies in Europe (pp. 1\u201334). EADTU. Retrieved from \nhttps:\/\/www.surfspace.nl\/media\/bijlagen\/artikel-1763-22974efd1d43f52aa98e0ba04f14c9f3.pdf"},{"key":"10022_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_15","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Yang Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Bosch, N., Baker, R., Paquette, L., Ocumpaugh, J., Andres, J.M.A.L., Moore, A.L., Biswas, G. (2018) Expert Feature-Engineering vs. Deep Neural Networks: Which is Better for Sensor-Free Affect Detection? In C. P. Ros\u00e9, R. Mart\u00ednez-Maldonado, U. Hoppe, R. Luckin, M. Mavrikis, K. Porayska-Pomsta, B. McLaren, & B. du Boulay (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 198\u2013211). London, UK: Springer International Publishing. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93843-1_15\n\n."},{"key":"10022_CR19","unstructured":"Kock, N. (2018a). WarpPLS. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.scriptwarp.com\/warppls\/"},{"key":"10022_CR20","unstructured":"Kock, N. (2018b). WarpPLS 6.0 user manual. ScripWarp Systems. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/cits.tamiu.edu\/WarpPLS\/UserManual_v_6_0.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12277","volume":"46","author":"V Kovanovi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kovanovi\u0107, V., Joksimovi\u0107, S., Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Siemens, G., & Hatala, M. (2015). What public media reveals about MOOCs: A systematic analysis of news reports. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(3), 510\u2013527. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.12277\n\n.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10022_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, X., Xie, L., & Wang, H. (2016). Grade Prediction in MOOCs. In 2016 IEEE Intl Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE Intl Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC) and 15th Intl Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications for Business Engineering (DCABES) (pp. 386\u2013392). IEEE. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CSE-EUC-DCABES.2016.213","DOI":"10.1109\/CSE-EUC-DCABES.2016.213"},{"key":"10022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meier, Y., Xu, J., Atan, O., & Schaar, M. van der. (2015). Personalized Grade Prediction: A Data Mining Approach. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (pp. 907\u2013912). IEEE. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDM.2015.54\n\n.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2015.54"},{"key":"10022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mothukuri, U. K., Reddy, B. V., Reddy, P. N., Gutti, S., Mandula, K., Parupalli, R., \u2026 Magesh, E. (2017). Improvisation of learning experience using learning analytics in eLearning. In 2017 5th National Conference on E-Learning & E-Learning Technologies (ELELTECH) (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ELELTECH.2017.8074995\n\n.","DOI":"10.1109\/ELELTECH.2017.8074995"},{"key":"10022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiu, J., Tang, J., Liu, T. X., Gong, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, Q., & Xue, Y. (2016). Modeling and Predicting Learning Behavior in MOOCs. In Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining - WSDM \u201816, 93\u2013102. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2835776.2835842\n\n.","DOI":"10.1145\/2835776.2835842"},{"issue":"6217","key":"10022_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261627","volume":"347","author":"Justin Reich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reich, J. (2015). Rebooting MOOC Research. Science, 347(6217), 34\u201335. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1261627\n\n.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x","volume":"17","author":"H Roediger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roediger, H., & Karpicke, J. (2006a). Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249\u2013255. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x\n\n.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10022_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2006.00012.x","volume":"1","author":"H Roediger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roediger, H., & Karpicke, J. (2006b). The Power of Testing Memory: Basic Research and Implications for Educational Practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(3), 181\u2013210. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2006.00012.x\n\n.","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10022_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2053532","volume":"40","author":"C Romero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Romero, C., & Ventura, S. (2010). Educational Data Mining: A Review of the State of the Art. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 40(6), 601\u2013618. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2053532\n\n.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10022_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1214\/10-STS330","volume":"25","author":"G Shmueli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shmueli, G. (2010). To Explain or to Predict? Statistical Science, 25(3), 289\u2013310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/10-STS330\n\n.","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"key":"10022_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, T., Jermann, P., Li, N., & Dillenbourg, P. (2014). Your click decides your fate: Inferring Information Processing and Attrition Behavior from MOOC Video Clickstream Interactions. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 3\u201314, October 25\u201329, 2014, Doha, Qatar. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1407.7131","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-4102"},{"issue":"1","key":"10022_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998616666808","volume":"42","author":"S Slater","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slater, S., Joksimovi\u0107, S., Kovanovic, V., Baker, R., & Gasevic, D. (2016). Tools for Educational Data Mining. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 42(1), 85\u2013106. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/1076998616666808\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"},{"key":"10022_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2014.07.001","volume":"24","author":"B Toven-Lindsey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toven-Lindsey, B., Rhoads, R., & Lozano, J. (2015). Virtually unlimited classrooms: Pedagogical practices in massive open online courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 24, 1\u201312. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2014.07.001\n\n.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"10022_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11490","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2717858","volume":"5","author":"T Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie, T., Zheng, Q., Zhang, W., & Qu, H. (2017). Modeling and Predicting the Active Video-Viewing Time in a Large-Scale E-Learning System. IEEE Access, 5, 11490\u201311504. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2717858\n\n.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"c","key":"10022_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2017.2700227","volume":"4553","author":"T-Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, T.-Y., Brinton, C. G., Joe-Wong, C., & Chiang, M. (2017). Behavior-Based Grade Prediction for MOOCs via Time Series Neural Networks. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 4553(c), 1\u20131. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSTSP.2017.2700227\n\n.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing"},{"key":"10022_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2018.01.002","volume":"37","author":"M Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu, M., Sari, A., & Lee, M. (2018). A systematic review of research methods and topics of the empirical MOOC literature (2014\u20132016). The Internet and Higher Education, 37, 31\u201339. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2018.01.002\n\n.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10022-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10022-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10022-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:08:43Z","timestamp":1603670923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10022-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10022-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}