{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:52:58Z","timestamp":1780581178442,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Education Bureau, Government Secretariat, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["(EDB(EID\/ITE)\/IT\/PRO\/223\/9)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(EDB(EID\/ITE)\/IT\/PRO\/223\/9)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10245-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T09:41:23Z","timestamp":1593164483000},"page":"89-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["eLearning technology and the advancement of practical constructivist pedagogies: Illustrations from classroom observations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paul L.C.","family":"LAM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-4221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary K.Y.","family":"NG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan H.H.","family":"TSE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Y. W.","family":"WONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10245_CR1","volume-title":"Creativity in context","author":"TM Amabile","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. New York: Westview Press."},{"key":"10245_CR2","volume-title":"A taxonomy for learning teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson, L., & Krathwohl, D. E. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc."},{"key":"10245_CR3","volume-title":"The practice of social research","author":"E Babbie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Babbie, E. (2014). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth."},{"key":"10245_CR4","unstructured":"Bonwell, C. C., & Eison, J. A. (1991). Active learning: Creating excitement in the classroom. ASHE-ERIC higher education report no. I. Washington DC: The George Washington University, School of Education and Human Development."},{"key":"10245_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/0260293990240405","volume":"24","author":"D Boud","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boud, D., Cohen, R., & Sampson, J. (1999). Peer learning and assessment. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 24, 413\u2013426.","journal-title":"Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"10245_CR6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Peer learning in higher education","author":"D Boud","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boud, D. (2001). Introduction: Making the move to peer learning. In D. Boud, R. Cohen, & J. Sampson (Eds.), Peer learning in higher education (pp. 1\u201317). Sterling, VA: Kogan Page."},{"key":"10245_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2018.1999.00031.x","volume":"1","author":"P Burnard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burnard, P. (1999). Carl Rogers and postmodernism: Challenges in nursing and health sciences. Nursing and Health Sciences, 1, 241\u2013247.","journal-title":"Nursing and Health Sciences"},{"key":"10245_CR8","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Handbook of creativity","author":"MA Collins","year":"1999","unstructured":"Collins, M. A., & Amabile, T. M. (1999). Motivation and creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 297\u2013312). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"10245_CR9","volume-title":"Talented teenagers: A longitudinal study of their development","author":"M Csikszentmihaiyi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Csikszentmihaiyi, M., Rathunde, K., & Whalen, S. (1993). Talented teenagers: A longitudinal study of their development. New York: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"10245_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"J DeMink-Carthew","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeMink-Carthew, J., & Olofson, M. W. (2020). Hands-joined learning as a framework for personalizing project-based learning in a middle grades classroom: An exploratory study. Research in Middle Level Education Online, 43, 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Research in Middle Level Education Online"},{"key":"10245_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETC.2014.6998909","volume-title":"Proceeding of 2014 international conference on education technologies and computers (ICETC)","author":"S Eom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eom, S. (2014). Empirical research on effects of interaction on elearning satisfaction and outcome: A review and future research direction. In Proceeding of 2014 international conference on education technologies and computers (ICETC) (pp. 98\u2013102). New York City, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers."},{"key":"10245_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 8410\u20138415.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319030111"},{"key":"10245_CR13","unstructured":"Gibson, L., & Obiakor, F. (2018). Computer-based technology for special and multicultural education: Enhancing 21st Century learning. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing Inc."},{"key":"10245_CR14","volume-title":"Technology-rich innovative learning environments","author":"J Groff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Groff, J. (2013). Technology-rich innovative learning environments. OCED CERI Innovative Learning Environment project."},{"key":"10245_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204820","volume":"332","author":"DC Haak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haak, D. C., HilleRisLambers, J., Pitre, E., & Freeman, S. (2011). Increased structure and active learning reduce the achievement gap in introductory biology. Science, 332, 1213\u20131216.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10245_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haelermans, C., Ghysels, J., & Prince, F. (2015). Increasing performance by differentiated teaching? Experimental evidence of the student benefits of digital differentiation. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46, 1161\u20131174.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12209"},{"key":"10245_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/02783193.2019.1585213","volume":"41","author":"MC Handa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Handa, M. C. (2019). Leading differentiated learning for the gifted. Roeper Review, 41, 102\u2013118.","journal-title":"Roeper Review"},{"key":"10245_CR18","first-page":"191","volume":"21","author":"JM Hanson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanson, J. M., Trolian, T. L., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2016). Evaluating the influence of peer learning on psychological well-being. Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 191\u2013206.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"10245_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2006.00602_1.x","volume":"37","author":"JG Hedberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hedberg, J. G. (2006). Methods and technologies for learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37, 307.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10245_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633117748416","volume":"57","author":"K Higgins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins, K., Huscroft-D\u2019Angelo, J., & Crawford, L. (2019). Effects of technology in mathematics on achievement, motivation, and attitude: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57, 283\u2013319 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0735633117748416.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"10245_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2190\/4T89-30W2-DHTM-RTQ2","volume":"29","author":"DA Huffaker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huffaker, D. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2003). The new science of learning: Active learning, metacognition, and transfer of knowledge in e-learning applications. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 29, 325\u2013334.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"10245_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keane, G., & Heinz, M. (2019). Differentiated homework: Impact on student engagement. Journal of Practitioner Research, 4(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/2164-0866.4.2.1111.","DOI":"10.5038\/2164-0866.4.2.1111"},{"key":"10245_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/03075070309293","volume":"28","author":"SJ Lea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lea, S. J., Stephenson, D., & Troy, J. (2003). Higher education students\u2019 attitudes to student-centred learning: Beyond \u2018educational bulimia\u2019. Studies in Higher Education, 28, 321\u2013334.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"10245_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X8701100103","volume":"11","author":"HM Levin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Levin, H. M., Glass, G. V., & Meister, G. R. (1987). Cost-effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction. Evaluation Review, 11, 50\u201372.","journal-title":"Evaluation Review"},{"key":"10245_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203961322","volume-title":"Preparing for blended e-learning","author":"A Littlejohn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Littlejohn, A., & Pegler, C. (2007). Preparing for blended e-learning. Abingdon, UK: Routledge."},{"key":"10245_CR26","unstructured":"Lu, J. (2004). A personalized e-learning material recommender system. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on information technology for application (ICITA), (pp. 374\u2013379)."},{"key":"10245_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33429","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.33429","volume":"9","author":"H Lucas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lucas, H., & Kinsman, J. (2016). Distance- and blended-learning in global health research: Potentials and challenges. Global Health Action, 9, 33429.","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"key":"10245_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magebleh, I. S. I., & Abdullah, A. (2020). On the effectiveness of differentiated instruction in the enhancement of Jordanian students\u2019 overall achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 13, 533\u2013548.","DOI":"10.29333\/iji.2020.13237a"},{"key":"10245_CR29","volume-title":"Promoting active learning: Strategies for the college classroom","author":"C Meyers","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meyers, C., & Jones, T. B. (1993). Promoting active learning: Strategies for the college classroom. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"10245_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morgan, H. (2013). Maximizing student success with differentiated learning. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 87, 34\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00098655.2013.832130.","DOI":"10.1080\/00098655.2013.832130"},{"key":"10245_CR31","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Emerging issues in the practice of university learning and teaching","author":"G O\u2019Neill","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, G., & McMahon, T. (2005). Student-centered learning: What does it mean for students and lecturers? In G. O\u2019Neill, S. Moore, & B. McMullin (Eds.), Emerging issues in the practice of university learning and teaching (pp. 30\u201339). Dublin: All Ireland Society for Higher Education."},{"key":"10245_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Segura, J. J., Ruiz, R. S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Calero, J. A., & C\u00f3zar-Guti\u00e9rrez, R. (2020). The effect of personalized feedback on listening and reading skills in the learning of EFL. Computer Assisted Language Learning., 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2019.1705354.","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2019.1705354"},{"key":"10245_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203813362","volume-title":"Evaluating e-learning: Guiding research and practice","author":"R Phillips","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phillips, R., McNaught, C., & Kennedy, G. (2012). Evaluating e-learning: Guiding research and practice. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"10245_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00809.x","volume":"93","author":"M Prince","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prince, M. (2004). Does active learning work? A review of the research. Journal of Engineering Education, 93, 223\u2013231.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"10245_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.20048","volume":"42","author":"S Puntambekar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Puntambekar, S., & Kolodner, J. L. (2005). Toward implementing distributed scaffolding: Helping students learn science from design. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42, 185\u2013217.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"10245_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5296\/ire.v4i2.9934","volume":"4","author":"H Qadan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qadan, H. (2016). The effect of active learning-based instructional program on improving motivation and achievement towards science among middle stage students with learning disabilities in Riyadh. International Research in Education, 4, 63\u201375.","journal-title":"International Research in Education"},{"key":"10245_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-9620.2003.00303.x","volume":"105","author":"V Richardson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richardson, V. (2003). Constructivist pedagogy. Teachers College Record, 105, 1623\u20131640.","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"key":"10245_CR38","volume-title":"Freedom to learn for the 80's","author":"CR Rogers","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to learn for the 80's. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill."},{"key":"10245_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Yang, H., MacLeod, J., Zhang, J., & Yang, H. H. (2020). College students\u2019 cognitive learning outcomes in technology-enabled active learning environments: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58, 791\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0735633119881477.","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633119881477"},{"key":"10245_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543060003471","volume":"60","author":"RE Slavin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Slavin, R. E. (1990). Achievement effects of ability grouping in secondary schools: A best-evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 60, 471\u2013499.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"10245_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.13-08-0154","volume":"12","author":"MK Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith, M. K., Jones, F. H., Gilbert, S. L., & Wieman, C. E. (2013). The classroom observation protocol for undergraduate STEM (COPUS): A new instrument to characterize university STEM classroom practices. CBE Life Science Education, 12, 618\u2013627.","journal-title":"CBE Life Science Education"},{"key":"10245_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2736(199805)35:5<501::AID-TEA3>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"35","author":"JR Staver","year":"1998","unstructured":"Staver, J. R. (1998). Constructivism: Sound theory for explicating the practice of science and science teaching. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 35, 501\u2013520.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"10245_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203878842","volume-title":"Constructivist instruction: Success or failure?","author":"S Tobias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tobias, S., & Duffy, T. M. (2009). Constructivist instruction: Success or failure? New York: Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"10245_CR44","volume-title":"Fulfilling the promise of the differentiated classroom: Strategies and tools for responsive teaching","author":"CA Tomlinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tomlinson, C. A. (2003). Fulfilling the promise of the differentiated classroom: Strategies and tools for responsive teaching. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development."},{"key":"10245_CR45","volume-title":"The differentiated school: Making revolutionary changes in teaching and learning","author":"CA Tomlinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tomlinson, C. A., Brimijoin, K., & Narvaez, L. (2008). The differentiated school: Making revolutionary changes in teaching and learning. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development."},{"key":"10245_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410500345172","volume":"25","author":"K Topping","year":"2005","unstructured":"Topping, K. (2005). Trends in peer learning. Educational Psychology, 25, 631\u2013645.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10245_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315695471","volume-title":"Effective peer learning: From principles to practical implementation","author":"KJ Topping","year":"2017","unstructured":"Topping, K. J., Buchs, C., Duran, D., & Van Keer, H. (2017). Effective peer learning: From principles to practical implementation. London and New York: Routledge."},{"key":"10245_CR48","first-page":"111","volume-title":"The wired tower: Perspectives on the impact of the internet on higher education","author":"C Twigg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Twigg, C. (2002). Quality, cost and access: The case for redesign. In M. S. Pittinsky (Ed.), The wired tower: Perspectives on the impact of the internet on higher education (pp. 111\u2013144). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"10245_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543072002131","volume":"72","author":"M Windschitl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Windschitl, M. (2002). Framing constructivism in practice as the negotiation of dilemmas: An analysis of the conceptual, pedagogical, cultural, and political challenge facing teachers. Review of Educational Research, 72, 131\u2013175.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"10245_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wood, R., & Shirazi, S. (2020). A systematic review of audience response systems for teaching and learning in higher education: The student experience. Computers & Education, 153, 103896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103896"},{"key":"10245_CR51","volume-title":"Inquiry-based learning \u2013 Undergraduate research: The german multidisciplinary experience","author":"C Wulf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wulf, C. (2019). \u201cFrom teaching to learning\u201d: Characteristics and challenges of a student-centered learning culture. In H. A. Mieg (Ed.), Inquiry-based learning \u2013 Undergraduate research: The german multidisciplinary experience. New York: Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"10245_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/03055690802288486","volume":"34","author":"F-Y Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang, F.-Y., Chang, C.-Y., & Hsu, Y.-S. (2008). Teacher views about constructivist instruction and personal epistemology: A national study in Taiwan. Educational Studies, 34, 527\u2013542.","journal-title":"Educational Studies"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10245-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10245-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10245-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T23:08:05Z","timestamp":1624662485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10245-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10245-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest or competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}