{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:34:17Z","timestamp":1787808857182,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10331-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:07:42Z","timestamp":1600214862000},"page":"1665-1685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":298,"title":["\u201cI\u2019m not against online teaching, but what about us?\u201d: ICT in Ghana post Covid-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8201-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Agyemang","family":"Adarkwah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addah, K., Kpebu, D., & Kwapong, O. A. (2012). Promoting e-learning in distance education programs in an African Country. InTech. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/e-learning-long-distance-and-lifelong-perspectives\/promoting-e-learning-in-distance-education-programmes-in-an-African-country.","DOI":"10.5772\/29202"},{"key":"10331_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agustini, K. (2017). The adaptive Elearning system design: Student learning style trend analysis. In 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research Across Disciplines (ICIRAD 2017) (pp. 50-54). Atlantis Press.","DOI":"10.2991\/icirad-17.2017.10"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR3","first-page":"129","volume":"11","author":"BK Agyemang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agyemang, B. K., & Dadzie, P. (2010). Providing information communication technology support to distance education students: A case of the University of Ghana, Legon. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 11(3), 129\u2013145.","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR4","first-page":"70","volume":"14","author":"FA Aksal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aksal, F. A., & Gazi, Z. A. (2015). Examination on ICT integration into special education schools for developing countries. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(3), 70\u201372.","journal-title":"The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10331_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alhabeeb, A., & Rowley, J. (2018). E-learning critical success factors: Comparing perspectives from academic staff and students. Computers & Education, (127), 1-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.08.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.08.007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10331_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5539\/ies.v12n5p99","volume":"12","author":"Y Aljaraideh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aljaraideh, Y., & Bataineh, K. A. (2019). Jordanian students\u2019 barriers of utilizing online learning: A survey study. International Education Studies, 12(5), 99\u2013108.","journal-title":"International Education Studies"},{"key":"10331_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2018.03.020","volume":"73","author":"D Alt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alt, D. (2018). Science teachers' conceptions of teaching and learning, ICT efficacy, ICT professional development and ICT practices enacted in their classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 73, 141\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tate.2018.03.020.","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR8","first-page":"23","volume":"66","author":"G Amanortsu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amanortsu, G., Dzandu, M. D., & Asabere, N. Y. (2013). Towards the access to and usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in polytechnic education. International Journal of Computer Applications, 66(1), 23\u201333.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR9","first-page":"16","volume":"6","author":"S Antwi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antwi, S., Bansah, A. K., & Franklin, T. (2018). The information technology challenge in teaching senior high school geography in Ghana. Issues and Trends in Educational Technology, 6(1), 16\u201337.","journal-title":"Issues and Trends in Educational Technology"},{"key":"10331_CR10","unstructured":"Anyorigya, D. A. (2020). COVID-19: Halt challenge-ridden online learning in universities \u2013 NUGS to Government. Retrieved from citinews: https:\/\/citinewsroom.com\/2020\/04\/covid-19-halt-challenge-ridden-online-learning-in-universities-nugs-to-government\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"E Arthur-Nyarko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arthur-Nyarko, E., & Kariuki, M. G. (2019). Learner access to resources for eLearning and preference for eLearning delivery mode in distance education programmes in Ghana. International Journal of Educational Technology, 6(2), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR12","first-page":"1751","volume":"3","author":"JN Asante","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asante, J. N. (2014). The state of ICT integration in the early years in Ghana schools. Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, 3(1), 1751\u20131757.","journal-title":"Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v9i3.586","volume":"9","author":"S Asunka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Asunka, S. (2008). Online learning in higher education in sub-Saharan Africa: Ghanaian University students' experiences and perceptions. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(3), 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v9i3.586.","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning"},{"key":"10331_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000136","volume":"23","author":"C Avgerou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Avgerou, C. (2008). Information systems in developing countries: A critical research review. Journal of Information Technology, 23, 133\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000136.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology"},{"key":"10331_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"K Ayebi-Arthur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ayebi-Arthur, K., Aidoo, D. B., & Wilson, K. B. (2009). A study on the use of the internet in senior high schools in the Cape Coast metropolis of Ghana. Ghana Journal of Education and Teaching, 8, 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Ghana Journal of Education and Teaching"},{"key":"10331_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacow, L. S., Bowen, W. G., Guthrie, K. M., Lack, K. A., & Long, M. P. (2012). Barriers to Adoption of Online Learning Systems in U.S. Higher Education. New York: Ithaka S+R. Retrieved from https:\/\/sr.ithaka.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/barriers-to-adoption-of-online-learning-systems-in-us-higher-education.pdf","DOI":"10.18665\/sr.22432"},{"key":"10331_CR17","volume-title":"Effective practices for online tutoring","author":"MV Bean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bean, M. V., Aldredge, T., Chow, K., Fowler, L., Guaracha, A., McGinnis, T., et al. (2019). Effective practices for online tutoring. Sacramento: Academic Senate for California Community Colleges."},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR18","first-page":"235","volume":"5","author":"KA Bingimlas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the successful integraton of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology, 5(3), 235\u2013245.","journal-title":"Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10331_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/09523980903387506","volume":"46","author":"A Birch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Birch, A., & Irvine, V. (2009). Preservice teachers\u2019 acceptance of ICT integration in the classroom: Applying the UTAUT model. Educational Media International, 46(4), 295\u2013315.","journal-title":"Educational Media International"},{"key":"10331_CR20","unstructured":"Boni, R. K. (2018). The use of ICT for teaching and learning in senior high schools in Ghana: A study of Nungua and Presbyterian, Teshie. Ghana: University of Ghana, Legon."},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR21","first-page":"136","volume":"8","author":"C Buabeng-Andoh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buabeng-Andoh, C. (2012). Factors influencing teachers\u2019 adoption and integration of information and communication technology into teaching: A review of the literature. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 8(1), 136\u2013155.","journal-title":"International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology"},{"key":"10331_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452204390","volume-title":"Global perspectives on E-learning: Rhetoric and reality","author":"AA Carr-Chellman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carr-Chellman, A. A. (2005). Global perspectives on E-learning: Rhetoric and reality. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications."},{"key":"10331_CR23","unstructured":"Cradler, J., & Bridgforth, E. (2002). Recent research on the effects of technology on teaching and learning. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.oten.info\/conferences\/jukes\/research.pdf"},{"key":"10331_CR24","volume-title":"Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.","edition":"5"},{"key":"10331_CR25","volume-title":"Sharpening education through the use of information technology and communication technology","author":"NA Crisolo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crisolo, N. A. (2018). Sharpening education through the use of information technology and communication technology. SDO Quezon: Sta. Catalina National High School."},{"key":"10331_CR26","unstructured":"Cromwell, A. (2020). Education Ministry set to release online learning platform for Senior High Schools. Retrieved from Myjoyonline: https:\/\/www.myjoyonline.com\/news\/national\/education-ministry-set-to-release-online-learning-platform-for-senior-high-schools\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR27","first-page":"71","volume":"28","author":"N David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David, N. (2009). The impact of ICT in rural education: Case study- Enugu state. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 28(2), 71\u201379.","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/09687769.2010.529109","volume":"18","author":"C de la Varre","year":"2010","unstructured":"de la Varre, C., Keane, J., & Irvin, M. J. (2010). Enhancing online distance education in small rural US schools: A hybrid, learner-centred model. ALT-J, 18(3), 193\u2013205.","journal-title":"ALT-J"},{"key":"10331_CR29","unstructured":"DePaul, K. (2020). Can online learning mitigate rural schools\u2019 biggest challenges? Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gettingsmart.com\/2020\/02\/can-online-learning-mitigate-rural-schools-biggest-challenges\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"10331_CR30","first-page":"6","volume":"1","author":"M Dessalegn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dessalegn, M., & Dagmawi, L. (2018). The promises and challenges of ICT-pedagogy integration in developing countries: The case of Ethiopia. International Journal of Education, 1(7), 6\u20138.","journal-title":"International Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/03098770601167864","volume":"31","author":"R Donnelly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Donnelly, R., & O'Rourke, K. C. (2007). What now? Evaluating eLearning CPD practice in Irish third-level education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 31(1), 31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03098770601167864.","journal-title":"Journal of Further and Higher Education"},{"key":"10331_CR32","unstructured":"Education Sector Performance Report. (2010). Accra: Ghana Ministry of Education."},{"key":"10331_CR33","unstructured":"Education Sector Performance Report. (2012). Accra: Ghana Ministry of Education."},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet2990","volume":"35","author":"H Flavell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flavell, H., Harris, C., Price, C., Logan, E., & Peterson, S. (2019). Empowering academics to be adaptive with eLearning technologies: An exploratory case study. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(1), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/ajet2990.","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360903421350","volume":"29","author":"H Forsyth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Forsyth, H., Pizzica, J., Laxton, R., & Mahony, M. J. (2010). Distance education in an era of eLearning: Challenges and opportunities for a campus-focused institution. Higher Education Research and Development, 29(1), 15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360903421350.","journal-title":"Higher Education Research and Development"},{"key":"10331_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeap.2019.100797","volume":"42","author":"ZM Gaffas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaffas, Z. M. (2019). Students\u2019 perceptions of the impact of EGP and ESP courses on their English language development: Voices from Saudi Arabia. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 42, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jeap.2019.100797.","journal-title":"Journal of English for Academic Purposes"},{"key":"10331_CR37","volume-title":"Integrating technology for meaningful learning","author":"M Grabe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grabe, M., & Grabe, C. (2007). Integrating technology for meaningful learning. Boston: Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"10331_CR38","unstructured":"Hachey, J., & Lachapelle, N. (2018). Trousse des Superh\u00e9ros T\u00c9LUQ : un outil pour les professeurs. In Elearning Superheroes: A Professor\u2019s Handbook. Universit\u00e9 T\u00c9LUQ, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. Presented at Online Learning Global Summit & EdTech Expo 2018, Toronto. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.teluq.ca\/superheros\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR39","first-page":"147","volume":"16","author":"SA Haji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haji, S. A., Moluayonge, G. E., & Park, I. (2017). Teachers\u2019 use of information and communications technology in education: Cameroon secondary schools perspectives. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 16(3), 147\u2013153.","journal-title":"The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10331_CR40","unstructured":"Hamajoda, A. F. (2018). Towards a topology for ICT & E-learning in Nigerian rural public primary schools."},{"key":"10331_CR41","unstructured":"Heeks, R. (2008). Priorities in mobiles-for-development research. Sweden: Proceedings of M4D 2008, Karlstad University."},{"issue":"4","key":"10331_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2012.31","volume":"27","author":"R Heeks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heeks, R. (2012). Deriving an ICT4D research agenda. Journal of Information Technology, 27(4), 339\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jit.2012.31.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-006-9022-5","volume":"55","author":"K Hew","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hew, K., & Brush, T. (2007). Integrating technology into k-12 teaching and learning: Current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research. Educational Technology Research and Development, 55(3), 223\u2013252.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR44","first-page":"32","volume":"6","author":"JE Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong, J. E. (2016). Social studies teachers\u2019 views of ICT integration. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 6(1), 32\u201348.","journal-title":"Review of International Geographical Education Online"},{"key":"10331_CR45","volume-title":"Measuring the information society\u2014The ICT development index","author":"International Telecommunication Union","year":"2014","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union. (2014). Measuring the information society\u2014The ICT development index. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union."},{"key":"10331_CR46","volume-title":"Measuring the information society\u2014The ICT development index","author":"International Telecommunication Union","year":"2016","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union. (2016). Measuring the information society\u2014The ICT development index. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union."},{"key":"10331_CR47","unstructured":"Ivala, E. (2013). ICEL2013-proceedings of the 8th international conference on e-learning: ICEL 2013. Academic Conferences Limited."},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR48","first-page":"63","volume":"1","author":"D Jimba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jimba, D., & Ogundele, M. O. (2015). Power and energy generation as a threat for developing virtual classroom in Nigerian distance education. International Centre for Science, Humanities & Education Research, 1(2), 63\u201369.","journal-title":"International Centre for Science, Humanities & Education Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/24750158.2020.1712638","volume":"69","author":"N Johnston","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnston, N. (2020). The shift towards digital literacy in Australian university libraries: Developing a digital literacy framework. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 69(1), 93\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24750158.2020.1712638.","journal-title":"Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association"},{"key":"10331_CR50","volume-title":"Cyberschools","author":"GR Jones","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jones, G. R. (1997). Cyberschools. Englewood: Jones Digital Century."},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/03323315.2013.826398","volume":"32","author":"M Judge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Judge, M. (2013). Mapping out the ICT integration terrain in the school context: Identifying the challenges in an innovative project. Irish Educational Studies, 32(3), 309\u2013333.","journal-title":"Irish Educational Studies"},{"key":"10331_CR52","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Web-based instruction","author":"B Khan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Khan, B. (1997). Web-based instruction: What is it and why is it? In B. H. Khan (Ed.), Web-based instruction (pp. 5\u201318). Englewood Cliffs: Educational Technology Publications."},{"key":"10331_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kizilcec, R. F., & Halawa, S. (2015). Attrition and achievement gaps in online learning. In Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale (pp. 57-66). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2724660.2724680"},{"key":"10331_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8928-2","volume-title":"Pedagogy and ICT use","author":"N Law","year":"2008","unstructured":"Law, N., Pelgrum, W. J., & Plomp, T. (2008). Pedagogy and ICT use. Dordrecht: Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-8928-2."},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/03098265.2019.1694876","volume":"44","author":"R Lembani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lembani, R., Gunter, A., Breines, M., & Dalu, M. T. (2019). The same course, different access: The digital divide between urban and rural distance education students in South Africa. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 44(1), 70\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03098265.2019.1694876.","journal-title":"Journal of Geography in Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10331_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v13i4.1303","volume":"13","author":"H Liebenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liebenberg, H., Chetty, Y., & Prinsloo, P. (2012). Student access to and skills in using technology in an open and distance learning context. The International Review of Research in Open Distance Learning, 13(4), 250\u2013268.","journal-title":"The International Review of Research in Open Distance Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9743\/jeo.2018.15.2.8","volume":"15","author":"N Luongo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luongo, N. (2018). An examination of distance learning faculty satisfaction levels and self-perceived barriers. Journal of Educators Online, 15(2), 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Journal of Educators Online"},{"key":"10331_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2017.02.043","volume":"237","author":"T Markova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Markova, T., Glazkova, I., & Zaborova, E. (2017). Quality issues of online distance learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 685\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2017.02.043.","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10331_CR59","unstructured":"Mereku, D. K., Yidana, I., Hordzi, W., Tete-Mensah, I., & Williams, J. B. (2009). Executive summary: Ghana-pan African report on technology integration. Ghana: University of Education, Winneba. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ernwaca.org\/panaf\/pdf\/phase-1\/Ghana-PanAf_Report"},{"key":"10331_CR60","unstructured":"Ministry of Education. (2015). ICT in education policy. Accra."},{"key":"10331_CR61","unstructured":"Morrison, D. (2003). E-learning strategies: How to get implementation and delivery right first time. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd."},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v15i2.1803","volume":"15","author":"JS Mtebe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mtebe, J. S., & Raisamo, R. (2014). Investigating perceived barriers to the use of open educational resources in higher education in Tanzania. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 15(2), 43\u201365.","journal-title":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning"},{"key":"10331_CR63","unstructured":"Mubashir-Ahmed, I. B. (2009). An assessment of the ICT situation in senior high schools in the upper west region of Ghana. University of Capecoast, Ghana."},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR64","first-page":"13","volume":"17","author":"G Muhammad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muhammad, G., Albejaidi, F. M., & Akhtar, R. (2017). Challenges in development of eLearning systems in higher education of the developing countries. London Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 17(2), 13\u201332.","journal-title":"London Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10331_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0197","volume":"48","author":"ZD Mulla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mulla, Z. D., Osland-Paton, V., Rodriguez, M. A., Vazquez, E., & Plavsic, S. K. (2020). Novel coronavirus, novel faculty development programs: Rapid transition to eLearning during the pandemic. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 48(5), 446\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2020-0197.","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10331_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2018.1482266","volume":"44","author":"CS Ngai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ngai, C. S., Lee, W. M., Ng, P. P., & Wu, D. D. (2018). Innovating an integrated approach to collaborative eLearning practices in higher education: The case study of a corporate communication e-platform. Studies in Higher Education, 44(11), 1990\u20132010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03075079.2018.1482266.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/09523987.2014.924661","volume":"51","author":"SD Nowell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nowell, S. D. (2014). Using disruptive technologies to make digital connections: Stories of media use and digital literacy in secondary classrooms. Educational Media International, 51(2), 109\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09523987.2014.924661.","journal-title":"Educational Media International"},{"issue":"130","key":"10331_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1240-0","volume":"18","author":"D O\u2019Doherty","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Doherty, D., Dromey, M., Lougheed, J., Hannigan, A., Last, J., & McGrath, D. (2018). Barriers and solutions to online learning in medical education \u2013 An integrative review. BMC Medical Education, 18(130), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-018-1240-0.","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR69","first-page":"68","volume":"15","author":"L Olesova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olesova, L., Yang, D., & Richardson, J. C. (2011). Cross-cultural differences in undergraduate students\u2019 perceptions of online barriers. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 15(3), 68\u201380.","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR70","first-page":"77","volume":"12","author":"BB Onguko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Onguko, B. B. (2014). JiFUNzeni: A blended learning approach for sustainable teachers\u2019 professional development. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 12(1), 77\u201388.","journal-title":"The Electronic Journal of e-Learning"},{"key":"10331_CR71","first-page":"127","volume":"8","author":"VI Osubor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Osubor, V. I., & Chiemeke, S. C. (2015). E-learning functional model: A technology-based teaching method for providing access to sustainable quality education. African Journal of Computing & ICT, 8, 127\u2013132.","journal-title":"African Journal of Computing & ICT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v13i1.1673","volume":"13","author":"A Picciano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Picciano, A. (2009). Blending with Purpose: The Multimodal Model. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 13(1), 7\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24059\/olj.v13i1.1673.","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"key":"10331_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61780-0","volume-title":"Leading and managing e-learning: What the e-learning leader needs to know","author":"AA Pi\u00f1a","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1a, A. A., Lowell, V. L., & Harris, B. R. (2018). Leading and managing e-learning: What the e-learning leader needs to know. Gewerbestrasse: Springer Nature."},{"key":"10331_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiros, D. R., & de Villiers, M. R. (2016). Online learning in a south African higher education institution: Determining the right connections for the student. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 17(5).","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v17i5.2552"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR75","first-page":"30","volume":"1","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarkar, S. (2012). The role of information and communication technology (ICT) in higher education for the 21stcentury. The science probe, 1(1), 30\u201341.","journal-title":"The science probe"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11120\/elss.2012.04020004","volume":"4","author":"R Sharpe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharpe, R., & Benfield, G. (2012). Institutional strategies for supporting learners in a digital age. Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences, 4(2), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11120\/elss.2012.04020004.","journal-title":"Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10331_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/08923647.2019.1663082","volume":"33","author":"V Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, V., & Thurman, A. (2019). How many ways can we define online learning? A systematic literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018). American Journal of Distance Education, 33(4), 289\u2013306.","journal-title":"American Journal of Distance Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR78","first-page":"5","volume":"15","author":"E Sinha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinha, E., & Bagarukayo, K. (2019). Online education in emerging knowledge economies: Exploring factors of motivation, de-motivation and potential facilitators; and studying the effects of demographic variables. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 15(2), 5\u201330.","journal-title":"International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10331_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v13i06.8537","volume":"13","author":"ZA Solangi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Solangi, Z. A., Shahrani, F. A., & Pandhiani, S. M. (2018). Factors affecting successful implementation of eLearning: Study of colleges and institutes sector RCJ Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 13(6), 223\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3991\/ijet.v13i06.8537.","journal-title":"International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"10331_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.17718\/tojde.08799","volume":"15","author":"N Srichanyachon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srichanyachon, N. (2014). The barriers and needs of online learners. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 15(3), 50\u201359.","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"10331_CR81","unstructured":"The Council of Independent Colleges. (2016). High-tech or high-touch? Online learning and independent higher education. Washington, DC. Retrieved from www.cic.edu\/ResearchFuture."},{"key":"10331_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/03055690902804349","volume":"35","author":"J Tondeur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tondeur, J., Devos, G., van Houtte, M., van Braak, J., & Valcke, M. (2009). Understanding structural and cultural school characteristics in relation to educational change: The case of ICT integration. Educational Studies, 35, 223\u2013235.","journal-title":"Educational Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10331_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.17062\/cjil.v2i1.30","volume":"2","author":"SE Turk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turk, S. E., & Cherney, I. D. (2016). Perceived online education barriers of administrators and faculty at a U.S. university in Lebanon. Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership, 2(1), 15\u201331.","journal-title":"Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership"},{"key":"10331_CR84","volume-title":"ICT-enhanced teacher standards for Africa (ICTeTSA)","author":"UNESCO","year":"2012","unstructured":"UNESCO. (2012). ICT-enhanced teacher standards for Africa (ICTeTSA). Addis Ababa: UNESCO-IICBA."},{"key":"10331_CR85","unstructured":"UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.11120\/ened.2009.04020084","volume":"4","author":"M Uren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uren, M., & Uren, J. (2009). eTeaching and eLearning to enhance learning for a diverse cohort in engineering education. Engineering Education, 4(2), 84\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11120\/ened.2009.04020084.","journal-title":"Engineering Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10331_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.17220\/mojet.2019.02.005","volume":"7","author":"B Waluyo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waluyo, B. (2019). The effects of ICT on achievement: Criticizing the exclusion of ICT from World Bank\u2019s education sector strategy 2020. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(2), 71\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17220\/mojet.2019.02.005.","journal-title":"Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10331_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wyche, S. P., & Murphy, L. L. (2013). Powering the cellphone revolution: Findings from mobile phone charging trials in off-grid Kenya. CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, (pp. 1959\u20131968). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2470654.2466260.","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466260"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10331-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10331-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10331-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T09:54:10Z","timestamp":1668765250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10331-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10331-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}