{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1767066329900,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-1-SI01-KA201-047013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1-SI01-KA201-047013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023652","name":"University of Rijeka","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["uniri-drustv-18-130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-drustv-18-130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10471-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T12:02:52Z","timestamp":1614859372000},"page":"4433-4456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effectiveness of game development-based learning for acquiring programming skills in lower secondary education in Croatia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Holenko Dlab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9822-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasa","family":"Hoic-Bozic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10471_CR1","unstructured":"Alice. (2020). http:\/\/www.alice.org\/. Accessed 25 May 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR2","unstructured":"Allcancode. (2020). Run Marco! https:\/\/runmarco.allcancode.com\/. Accessed 20 October 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alserri, S. A., Zin, N. A. M., & Wook, T. S. M. T. (2018). Gender-based engagement model for serious games. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(4), 1350\u20131357.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18517\/ijaseit.8.4.6490.","DOI":"10.18517\/ijaseit.8.4.6490"},{"key":"10471_CR5","unstructured":"Biagi, F., & Loi, M. (2012). ICT and Learning: Results from PISA 2009. ftp:\/\/s-jrcsvqpx101p.jrc.es\/pub\/EURdoc\/JRC76061.pdf. Accessed 6 February 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"10471_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1145\/1473195.1473233","volume":"40","author":"G Carmichael","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carmichael, G. (2008). Girls, computer science, and games. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 40(4), 107\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1473195.1473233.","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bulletin"},{"key":"10471_CR7","unstructured":"Chavatzia, T. (2017). Cracking the code: Girls\u2019 and women\u2019s education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Paris, France. https:\/\/www.voced.edu.au\/content\/ngv:77679. Accessed 27 November 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR8","unstructured":"Code.org. (2020). Bee. https:\/\/studio.code.org\/s\/course1\/stage\/7\/puzzle\/1. Accessed 20 October 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR9","unstructured":"CODING4GIRLS. (2020). CODING4GIRLS Results. https:\/\/www.coding4girls.eu\/results.php. Accessed 20 October 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR10","unstructured":"CODING4GIRLS web site. (2018). https:\/\/www.coding4girls.eu. Accessed 20 October 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR11","unstructured":"Cunningham, B, C., Hoyer, K, M., & Sparks, D. (2015). Gender differences in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) interest, credits earned, and NAEP performance in the 12th grade. Stats in Brief. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED554303. Accessed 6 February 2019."},{"issue":"3","key":"10471_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1109\/RITA.2020.3008127","volume":"15","author":"CV De Carvalho","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Carvalho, C. V., Cerar, \u0160., Rugelj, J., Tsalapatas, H., & Heidmann, O. (2020). Addressing the gender gap in computer programming through the design and development of serious games. Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje, 15(3), 242\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RITA.2020.3008127.","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje"},{"key":"10471_CR13","unstructured":"Digital Games web site. (2020). https:\/\/degames.uniri.hr\/. Accessed 14 October 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR14","unstructured":"European Commission. (2010). New skills for new jobs: Action now. A report by the Expert Group on New Skills for New Jobs prepared for the European Commission."},{"key":"10471_CR15","unstructured":"European Commission. (2019). Shaping Europe\u2019s digital future - Women in Digital. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/women-ict. Accessed 25 May 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frankovi\u0107, I., Hoi\u0107-Bo\u017ei\u0107, N., Holenko Dlab, M., & Iva\u0161i\u0107-Kos, M. (2019). Supporting learning programming using educational digital games. In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Game Based Learning,\u00a0Reading, UK: Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited,\u00a0 999\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34190\/GBL.19.094.","DOI":"10.34190\/GBL.19.094"},{"key":"10471_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giannakoulas, A., & Xinogalos, S. (2018). A pilot study on the effectiveness and acceptance of an educational game for teaching programming concepts to primary school students. Education and Information Technologies, 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-018-9702-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-018-9702-x"},{"key":"10471_CR18","unstructured":"Hoi\u0107-Bo\u017ei\u0107, N., Holenko Dlab, M., Frankovi\u0107, I., & Iva\u0161i\u0107-Kos, M. (2020). Teaching programming skills to girls. In P. Baptista Nunes, Miguel, Isaias (Ed.), Proceedings of the Inetrenational Conference e- Learning 2020,\u00a0International association for development of the information society,\u00a0151\u2013154."},{"key":"10471_CR19","unstructured":"Holenko Dlab, M., Hoi\u0107-Bo\u017ei\u0107, N., An\u0111eli\u0107, M., & Boti\u010dki, I. (2019). Digital games and tools for development of computational thinking in primary school. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Economics & Social Science - ICMESS 2019, Brussels, Belgium: Researchfora International Conference, 1\u20137."},{"key":"10471_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHB.2018.10.001","volume":"91","author":"A Hosein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosein, A. (2019). Girls\u2019 video gaming behaviour and undergraduate degree selection: A secondary data analysis approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 91, 226\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHB.2018.10.001.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10471_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.06.938","volume":"47","author":"C Kazimoglu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kazimoglu, C., Kiernan, M., Bacon, L., & Mackinnon, L. (2012). A serious game for developing computational thinking and learning introductory computer programming. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1991\u20131999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.06.938.","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10471_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lau, W, W. (2018). Learning with games and digital stories in visual programming. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology (pp. 3309\u20133316). IGI global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch288.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch288"},{"key":"10471_CR23","unstructured":"LightBot. (2020). Lightbot. http:\/\/lightbot.com\/flash.html. Accessed 25 October 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1145\/2899415.2925505","volume-title":"Annual conference on innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE","author":"MA L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, M. A., Duarte, E. V., Valderrama, A. P., & Gutierrez, E. C. (2016). Teaching abstraction, function and reuse in the first class of CS1 - a lightbot experience. In Annual conference on innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE (pp. 256\u2013257). New York: Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2899415.2925505."},{"key":"10471_CR25","unstructured":"MZO. (2018). National Curriculum for the Subject of Computer Science\/Informatics\u201d (In Croatian). https:\/\/mzo.gov.hr\/UserDocsImages\/dokumenti\/Publikacije\/Predmetni\/Kurikulum nastavnog predmeta Informatika za osnovne skole i gimnazije.pdf. Accessed 5 February 2021."},{"key":"10471_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1145\/1734263.1734357","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 41st ACM technical symposium on computer science education - SIGCSE\u201910","author":"A Repenning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Repenning, A., Webb, D., & Ioannidou, A. (2010). Scalable game design and the development of a checklist for getting computational thinking into public schools. In Proceedings of the 41st ACM technical symposium on computer science education - SIGCSE\u201910 (pp. 265\u2013269). New York: ACM Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1734263.1734357."},{"key":"10471_CR27","unstructured":"Rugelj, J., & Lapina, M. (2019). Game design based learning of programming. In: Proceedings of SLET-2019 \u2013 International Scientic Conference Innovative Approaches to the Application of Digital Technologies in Education and Research, Stavropol \u2013 Dombay, Russia,\u00a0CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 2494)."},{"key":"10471_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.03.003","volume":"97","author":"JM S\u00e1ez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez-L\u00f3pez, J. M., Rom\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., & V\u00e1zquez-Cano, E. (2016). Visual programming languages integrated across the curriculum in elementary school: A two year case study using \u201cscratch\u201d in five schools. Computers and Education, 97, 129\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.03.003.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"10471_CR29","unstructured":"Scratch. (2020). https:\/\/scratch.mit.edu. Accessed 25 May 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seralidou, E., & Douligeris, C. (2020). Learning programming by creating games through the use of structured activities in secondary education in Greece. Education and Information Technologies, 1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10255-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10255-8"},{"key":"10471_CR31","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 11th European conference on games based learning","author":"O Shabalina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shabalina, O., Malliarakis, C., Tomos, F., & Mozelius, P. (2017). Game-based learning for learning to program: From learning through play to learning game-based learning for learning to program: From learning through play to learning through game development. In Proceeding of the 11th European conference on games based learning (pp. 571\u2013576). Reading: Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited."},{"key":"10471_CR32","unstructured":"Snap! (2020). https:\/\/snap.berkeley.edu. Accessed 25 May 2020."},{"key":"10471_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Topalli, D., & Cagiltay, N, E. (2018). Improving programming skills in engineering education through problem-based game projects with Scratch. Computers and Education, 120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.01.011, 120, 74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.01.011"},{"key":"10471_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuparova, D. (2019). Teaching of computer programming in Bulgarian primary school\u2013challenges and solutions. In Proceeding of the 42nd International Convention Mipro 2019,\u00a0Rijeka, Croatia,\u00a0836\u2013840.","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO.2019.8757040"},{"key":"10471_CR35","unstructured":"Tynker. (2020). Dragon Dash. https:\/\/www.tynker.com\/hour-of-code\/. Accessed 20 October 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"10471_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1059-6","volume":"19","author":"D Weintrop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weintrop, D., & Wilensky, U. (2015). To beta block or not to beta block; that is the question. Critical Care, 19(1), 339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-015-1059-6.","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10471_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wong, G, K, W., Cheung, H, Y., Ching, E, C, C., & Huen, J, M, H. (2016). School perceptions of coding education in K-12: A large scale quantitative study to inform innovative practices. In Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering, TALE 2015 (pp. 5\u201310). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TALE.2015.7386007.","DOI":"10.1109\/TALE.2015.7386007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10471_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2015.1108214","volume":"54","author":"C Wrigley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wrigley, C., & Straker, K. (2017). Design thinking pedagogy: The educational design ladder. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 54(4), 374\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14703297.2015.1108214.","journal-title":"Innovations in Education and Teaching International"},{"key":"10471_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/103710","volume":"2012","author":"B Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, B., & Wang, A. I. (2012). A guideline for game development-based learning: A literature review. International Journal of Computer Games Technology. Hindawi Publishing Corporation., 2012, 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/103710.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Games Technology. Hindawi Publishing Corporation."},{"key":"10471_CR40","volume-title":"Case study research - design and methods","author":"RK Yin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research - design and methods. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications Sage CA."}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10471-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10471-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10471-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T06:27:27Z","timestamp":1744180047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10471-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10471-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1360-2357"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7608"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research is conducted in accordance with the ethical principles prescribed by the University of Rijeka Code of Ethics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declarations"}},{"value":"All of the participants or participants\u2019 parents, in the case of elementary school students, gave informed consent for the participation in the research and publication of the results.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate\/consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}