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Given the extent to which digital citizenship education may be approached in line with deontological (rules), utilitarian (consequences) and\/or virtue ethical (character) theories, we argue that it is important to know which of these underpin adolescents\u2019 moral decision making online. To address this question, this article reports findings from a survey completed by 1947 13\u201316\u00a0year olds in England. Chi-square tests, binary logistic regressions and other exploratory analysis showed that most 13\u201316\u00a0year-olds use virtue ethical reasons to justify moral actions. We conclude that if online incivility is to be reduced, policymakers, educators and parents should focus more on virtue- and character-based approaches to digital citizenship education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10710-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T11:09:10Z","timestamp":1631876950000},"page":"3277-3297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["(In)civility and adolescents\u2019 moral decision making online: drawing on moral theory to advance digital citizenship education"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2767-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3591-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Polizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10710_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12053","volume":"70","author":"N Abbot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abbot, N., & Cameron, L. 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