{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:19:53Z","timestamp":1772824793475,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10728-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T04:02:46Z","timestamp":1630123366000},"page":"2677-2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["What to do and what to avoid on the use of gamified intelligent tutor system for low-income students"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0928-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivaldo","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ig Ibert","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4257-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"de Amorim Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Leone","family":"Espinheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9195-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10728_CR1","first-page":"11","volume":"2","author":"NN AbuEloun","year":"2017","unstructured":"AbuEloun, N. N., & Abu Naser, S. S. (2017). Mathematics Intelligent Tutoring System. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 2(1), 11\u201316.","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10728_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1108\/IJILT-02-2017-0009","volume":"35","author":"RS Alsawaier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alsawaier, R. S. (2018). The effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35(1), 56\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJILT-02-2017-0009","journal-title":"International Journal of Information and Learning Technology"},{"key":"10728_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amanda, N., Andersena, F., Christian, R., Warnars, H. L. H. S., Ramadhan, A., Putra, A. S., Noordin, N., Utomo, W. H. (2021). Learning Math for 1st Grade Primary School Students using Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(6), 2020\u20132030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17762\/turcomat.v12i6.4806","DOI":"10.17762\/turcomat.v12i6.4806"},{"key":"10728_CR4","unstructured":"Andrade, F. R., Pedro, L. Z., Lopes, A. M. Z., Bittencourt, I. I., & Isotani, S. (2013). Desafio do Uso de Gamifica\u00e7\u00e3o em Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes Baseados em Web Sem\u00e2ntica. In\u00a0XXXIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0(Vol. 1, pp. 1453\u20131462)."},{"key":"10728_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azevedo, O., de Morais, F., & Jaques, P. A. (2018). Exploring gamification to prevent gaming the system and help refusal in tutoring systems. In European conference on technology enhanced learning (pp. 231\u2013244). Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-98572-5_18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98572-5_18"},{"key":"10728_CR6","unstructured":"Barbosa, A. F. (2016). Pesquisa sobre o uso das tecnologias de informa\u00e7\u00e3o e comunica\u00e7\u00e3o nas escolas brasileiras: tic educa\u00e7\u00e3o 2015.\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo: Comit\u00ea Gestor da Internet no Brasil."},{"key":"10728_CR7","unstructured":"Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An\u00edsio Teixeira. (2018). Relat\u00f3rio do 2\u00ba Ciclo de Monitoramento das Metas do Plano Nacional de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u2013 2018. Bras\u00edlia, DF: INEP."},{"key":"10728_CR8","unstructured":"Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An\u00edsio Teixeira. (2020). Relat\u00f3rio Brasil no PISA 2018. Bras\u00edlia: Inep\/MEC."},{"key":"10728_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-018-0085-9","volume":"13","author":"P Brusilovsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brusilovsky, P., Malmi, L., Hosseini, R., et al. (2018). An integrated practice system for learning programming in Python: Design and evaluation. RPTEL, 13, 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41039-018-0085-9","journal-title":"RPTEL"},{"key":"10728_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cakir, R. (2019). Effect of Web-Based Intelligence Tutoring System on Students' Achievement and Motivation. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(4), 45\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17220\/mojet.2019.04.004","DOI":"10.17220\/mojet.2019.04.004"},{"issue":"134","key":"10728_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"G Couto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Couto, G., & Primi, R. (2011). Teoria de resposta ao item (TRI): Conceitos elementares dos modelos para itens dicot\u00f4micos. Boletim De Psicologia, 61(134), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Boletim De Psicologia"},{"key":"10728_CR12","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W. (2010). Projeto de Pesquisa: m\u00e9todos qualitativo, quantitativo e misto. 3\u00aa ed. \u2013 Porto Alegre: Artmed."},{"key":"10728_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cristea, A. I., Bittencourt, I. I., & Lima, F. (Eds.). (2018). Higher Education for All. From Challenges to Novel Technology-Enhanced Solutions: First International Workshop on Social, Semantic, Adaptive and Gamification Techniques and Technologies for Distance Learning, HEFA 2017, Macei\u00f3, Brazil, March 20\u201324, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 832). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-97934-2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97934-2"},{"key":"10728_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.01.012","volume":"75","author":"L De-Marcos","year":"2014","unstructured":"De-Marcos, L., Dom\u00ednguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J., & Pag\u00e9s, C. (2014). An empirical study comparing gamification and social networking on e-learning. Computers & Education, 75, 82\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.01.012","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10728_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denny, P., McDonald, F., Empson, R., Kelly, P., & Petersen, A. (2018). Empirical support for a causal relationship between gamification and learning outcomes. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1\u201313). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3173574.3173885","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173885"},{"key":"10728_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dermeval, D., & Bittencourt, I. I. (2020). Co-designing Gamified Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Teachers. Brazilian Journal of Computers in Education (Revista Brasileira de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o - RBIE), 28, 73\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/rbie.2020.28.0.73","DOI":"10.5753\/rbie.2020.28.0.73"},{"key":"10728_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dermeval, D., Lima, I., Castro, M., Couto, H., Gomes, D., Peixoto, A., & Bittencourt, I. I. (2019). Helping teachers design gamified intelligent tutoring systems. In 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) (Vol. 2161, pp. 60\u201362). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICALT.2019.00024","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2019.00024"},{"key":"10728_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining gamification. In\u00a0Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments (pp. 9\u201315). ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2181037.2181040","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"10728_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng M., Cui W., Wang S. (2018) Adaptive Learning Goes to China. In: Penstein Ros\u00e9 C. et al. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10948. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93846-2_17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93846-2_17"},{"issue":"2","key":"10728_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"MA Ghali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghali, M. A., & Ayyad Abu-Naser Laban, A. A. S. S. M. A. (2018). An Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching English Grammar. International Journal of Academic Engineering Research (IJAER), 2(2), 1\u20136","journal-title":"International Journal of Academic Engineering Research (IJAER)"},{"key":"10728_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, C., Mora, A., & Toledo, P. (2014). Gamification in intelligent tutoring systems. In\u00a0Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality\u00a0(pp. 221\u2013225). ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2669711.2669903","DOI":"10.1145\/2669711.2669903"},{"key":"10728_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.08.019","volume":"80","author":"MD Hanus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanus, M. D., & Fox, J. (2015). Assessing the effects of gamification in the classroom: A longitudinal study on intrinsic motivation, social comparison, satisfaction, effort, and academic performance. Computers & Education, 80, 152\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.08.019","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10728_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., Koedinger, K. R. (2021). Ethics of AI in education: towards a community-wide framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 1-23.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-021-00239-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-021-00239-1"},{"key":"10728_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.06.022","volume":"125","author":"T Jagu\u0161t","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jagu\u0161t, T., Boti\u010dki, I., & So, H. J. (2018). Examining competitive, collaborative and adaptive gamification in young learners\u2019 math learning. Computers & Education, 125, 444\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.06.022","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10728_CR25","unstructured":"Johnson, L., Becker, S. A., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2015).\u00a0NMC horizon report: 2015 K\u00a0(Vol. 6101). New Media Consortium."},{"key":"10728_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamunya, S., Mirirti, E., Oboko, R., & Maina, E. (2020). An Adaptive Gamification Model for E-Learning. In 2020 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa) (pp. 1\u201310). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/ISTAFRICA.2019.8764879"},{"key":"10728_CR27","volume-title":"The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education","author":"KM Kapp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kapp, K. M. (2012). The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. John Wiley & Sons."},{"issue":"16","key":"10728_CR28","first-page":"35","volume":"181","author":"A Karaci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karaci, A., Aky\u00fcz, H. I., Bilgici, G., & Arici, N. (2018). Effects of Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems on Academic Achievement and Retention. Online Submission, 181(16), 35\u201341.","journal-title":"Online Submission"},{"key":"10728_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5590470","author":"CL King","year":"2021","unstructured":"King, C. L., Warnars, H. L., Nordin, N., & Utomo, W. H. (2021). Intelligent Tutoring System: Learning Math for 6th-Grade Primary School Students. Education Research International. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5590470","journal-title":"Education Research International"},{"key":"10728_CR30","unstructured":"Lacey, A.; Luff, D. (2009). Qualitative Research Analysis. The NIHR RDS for the East."},{"key":"10728_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Loja-Argudo, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-Arias, K., Robles-Bykbaev, V., & Suquilanda-Cuesta, P. (2020). Intelligent tutor system to provide automated support to learning pre-reading concepts for children from 5 to 7. In 2020 IEEE ANDESCON (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ANDESCON50619.2020.9272179","DOI":"10.1109\/ANDESCON50619.2020.9272179"},{"key":"10728_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopes, A. M. M., de Magalh\u00e3es Netto, J. F., de Souza, R. A., Mour\u00e3o, A. B., Almeida, T. O., & de Lima, D. P. (2019). Improving Students Skills to Solve Elementary Equations in K-12 Programs Using an Intelligent Tutoring System. In 2019 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1\u20139). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIE43999.2019.9028363","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE43999.2019.9028363"},{"key":"10728_CR33","unstructured":"L\u00fcdke, Menga; Andr\u00e9, Marli E. D. A. (2013). Pesquisa em educa\u00e7\u00e3o: abordagens qualitativas. 2\u00aa ed. \u2013 Rio de Janeiro: E.P.U."},{"issue":"4","key":"10728_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037123","volume":"106","author":"W Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma, W., Adesope, O. O., Nesbit, J. C., & Liu, Q. (2014). Intelligent tutoring systems and learning outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(4), 901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037123","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10728_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marinho, A., Bittencourt, I. I., dos Santos, W. O. & Dermeval, D. (2019). Does Gamification Improve Flow Experience in Classroom? An Analysis of Gamer Types in Collaborative and Competitive Settings. Brazilian Journal of Computers in Education (Revista Brasileira de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o - RBIE), 27(2), 40\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/rbie.2019.27.02.40","DOI":"10.5753\/rbie.2019.27.02.40"},{"key":"10728_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitrovi\u0107 A., Holland J. (2020) Effect of Non-mandatory Use of an Intelligent Tutoring System on Students\u2019 Learning. In: Bittencourt I., Cukurova M., Muldner K., Luckin R., Mill\u00e1n E. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12163. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_31"},{"key":"10728_CR37","unstructured":"Montgomery, D. C. (2013).\u00a0Design and analysis of experiments. John wiley & sons."},{"key":"10728_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mui Lee, H., & Loo, P. A. (2021). Gamification of Learning in Early Age Education. Journal La Edusci, 2(2), 44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37899\/journallaedusci.v2i2.380","DOI":"10.37899\/journallaedusci.v2i2.380"},{"key":"10728_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/b5fd1b8f-en","volume-title":"PISA 2018 Results: Excellence and Equity in Education","author":"OECD","year":"2019","unstructured":"OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Results: Excellence and Equity in Education (Vol. I). OECD Publishing."},{"key":"10728_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.048","volume":"64","author":"R Paiva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paiva, R., Bittencourt, I. I., Ten\u00f3rio, T., Jaques, P., & Isotani, S. (2016). What do students do on-line? Modeling students\u2019 interactions to improve their learning experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 769\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.048","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10728_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paiva R., Bittencourt I.I. (2020). Helping Teachers Help Their Students: A Human-AI Hybrid Approach. In: Bittencourt I., Cukurova M., Muldner K., Luckin R., Mill\u00e1n E. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12163. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_36","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_36"},{"key":"10728_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pascual, R. M. (2020). Effectiveness of an Automated Reading Tutor Design for Filipino Speaking Children. In 2020 IEEE 8th R10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC) (pp. 1\u20135). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/R10-HTC49770.2020.9357059","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC49770.2020.9357059"},{"key":"10728_CR43","unstructured":"QEdu. (2021). Portal QEdu. Available at: http:\/\/qedu.org.br\/. Accessed 20 Apr 2021."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10728_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2017.1382536","volume":"31","author":"JR Rachels","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rachels, J. R., & Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. J. (2018). The effects of a mobile gamification app on elementary students\u2019 Spanish achievement and self-efficacy. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(1\u20132), 72\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2017.1382536","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"6","key":"10728_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0031721721998149","volume":"102","author":"J Reich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reich, J. (2021). Ed tech\u2019s failure during the pandemic, and what comes after. Phi Delta Kappan, 102(6), 20\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0031721721998149","journal-title":"Phi Delta Kappan"},{"key":"10728_CR46","unstructured":"Ritchie, J.; Spencer, L. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis for Applied Policy Research. In A. Bryman and R. Burgess (Eds). Analyzing Qualitative Data, London: Sage."},{"key":"10728_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.021","volume":"58","author":"L Rocha Seixas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rocha Seixas, L., Gomes, A. S., & de Melo Filho, I. J. (2016). Effectiveness of gamification in the engagement of students. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 48\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10728_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-019-09498-w","volume":"32","author":"M Sailer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020). The Gamification of Learning: A Meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 32, 77\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-019-09498-w","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10728_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santana, S. J., Paiva, R., Bittencourt, I. I., Ospina, P. E., de Amorim Silva, R., & Isotani, S. (2016a). Evaluating the impact of Mars and Venus Effect on the use of an Adaptive Learning Technology for Portuguese and Mathematics. In\u00a0Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on\u00a0(pp. 31\u201335). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICALT.2016.58","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2016.58"},{"key":"10728_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santana, S. J., Souza, H. A., Florentin, V. A., Paiva, R., Bittencourt, I. I., & Isotani, S. (2016b). A quantitative analysis of the most relevant gamification elements in an online learning environment. In Proceedings of the 25th international conference companion on world wide web (pp. 911\u2013916). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2872518.2891074","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2891074"},{"key":"10728_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer, L., & Ritchie, J. (2002). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In\u00a0Analyzing qualitative data\u00a0(pp. 187\u2013208). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203413081-14"},{"issue":"2","key":"10728_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034752","volume":"106","author":"S Steenbergen-Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steenbergen-Hu, S., & Cooper, H. (2014). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems on college students\u2019 academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(2), 331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034752","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10728_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ten\u00f3rio, M. M., Lopes, R. P., G\u00f3is, L. A. de, & Junior, G. dos S. (2018). Influence of Gamification on Khan Academy in Brazilian High School. PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning, 2(2), 51\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20319\/pijtel.2018.22.5165","DOI":"10.20319\/pijtel.2018.22.5165"},{"key":"10728_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ten\u00f3rio, K., Dermeval, D., Challco, G., Lemos, B., Nascimento, P., Santos, R., & Silva, A. (2020). An Evaluation of the GamAnalytics Tool: Is the Gamification Analytics Model Ready for Teachers?. In Anais do XXXI Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, (pp. 562\u2013571). Porto Alegre: SBC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/cbie.sbie.2020.562","DOI":"10.5753\/cbie.sbie.2020.562"},{"key":"10728_CR55","volume-title":"How many children and young people have internet access at home? Estimating digital connectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund and International Telecommunication Union","year":"2020","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund and International Telecommunication Union. (2020). How many children and young people have internet access at home? Estimating digital connectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. UNICEF."},{"issue":"4","key":"10728_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2011.611369","volume":"46","author":"K VanLehn","year":"2011","unstructured":"VanLehn, K. (2011). The relative effectiveness of human tutoring, intelligent tutoring systems, and other tutoring systems. Educational Psychologist, 46(4), 197\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00461520.2011.611369","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"10728_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yudelson, M. V., Koedinger, K. R., & Gordon, G. J. (2013). Individualized bayesian knowledge tracing models. In\u00a0International conference on artificial intelligence in education\u00a0(pp. 171\u2013180). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-39112-5_18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39112-5_18"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10728-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10728-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10728-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T07:37:37Z","timestamp":1647416257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10728-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10728-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"\u2022 The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u2022 The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.\u2022 All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.\u2022 The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}