{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T22:06:26Z","timestamp":1743890786943,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The computerized adaptive tests (CAT) apply an adaptive process in which the items are tailored to individuals' ability scores. The multidimensional CAT (MCAT) designs differ in terms of different item selection, ability estimation, and termination methods being used. This study aims at investigating the performance of the MCAT designs used to measure the language ability of students and to compare the results of MCAT designs with the outcomes of corresponding paper\u2013pencil tests. For this purpose, items in the English Proficiency Tests (EPT) were used to create a multi-dimensional item pool that consists of 599 items. The performance of the MCAT designs was evaluated and compared based on the reliability coefficients, root means square error (RMSE), test-length, and root means squared difference (RMSD) statistics, respectively. Therefore, 36 different conditions were investigated in total. The results of the post-hoc simulation designs indicate that the MCAT designs with the A-optimality item selection method outperformed MCAT designs with other item selection methods by decreasing the test length and RMSD values without any sacrifice in test reliability. Additionally, the best error variance stopping rule for each MCAT algorithm with A-optimality item selection could be considered as 0.25 with 27.9 average test length and 30 items for the fixed test-length stopping rule for the Bayesian MAP method. Overall, MCAT designs tend to decrease the test length by 60 to 65 percent and provide ability estimations with higher precision compared to the traditional paper\u2013pencil tests with 65 to 75 items. Therefore, it is suggested to use the A-optimality method for item selection and the Bayesian MAP method for ability estimation for the MCAT designs since the MCAT algorithm with these specifications shows better performance than others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10853-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T06:02:24Z","timestamp":1641362544000},"page":"6273-6294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Measuring language ability of students with compensatory multidimensional CAT: A post-hoc simulation study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhanettin","family":"Ozdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selahattin","family":"Gelbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Applied optimal design","year":"2005","key":"10853_CR1","unstructured":"Berger, M. P. F., & Wong, W. K. (Eds.). (2005). Applied optimal design. Wiley."},{"key":"10853_CR2","unstructured":"Bloxom, B., & Vale, C. D. (1987, June). Multidimensional adaptive testing: An approximate procedure for updating. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Montreal, Canada."},{"key":"10853_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., & Ankenmann, R.D. (2004). Effects of practical constraints on item selection rules at the early stages of computerized adaptive testing. Journal of Educational Measurement, 41(2), 149-174. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1435211.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2004.tb01112.x"},{"key":"10853_CR4","unstructured":"Chien, T. W., & Wang, W. C. (2017). An online multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) module using APP. Rasch Measurement Trans; 31(1):1625\u20136. https:\/\/www.rasch.org\/rmt\/rmt311.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10853_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5540\/tema.2019.020.02.0381","volume":"20","author":"M Curi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Curi, M., & Silvia, V. (2019). Academic English Proficiency Assessment Using a Computerized Adaptive Test. Tendencias Em Matematica Aplicada e Computacional, 20(2), 381\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5540\/tema.2019.020.02.0381","journal-title":"Tendencias Em Matematica Aplicada e Computacional"},{"key":"10853_CR6","volume-title":"Psychometrics","author":"H-Q Dai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dai, H.-Q. (2015). Psychometrics. Higher Education Press."},{"key":"10853_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diao, Q., & Reckase, M. (2009). Comparison of ability estimation and item selection methods in multidimensional computerized adaptive testing. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing. Retrieved [13.03.2021] from https:\/\/www.psych.umn.edu\/psylabs\/CATCentral","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-89976-3_10"},{"key":"10853_CR8","unstructured":"Fan, M., & Hsu, Y. (1996, April). Multidimensional computer adaptive testing. Paper presented at\u00a0the annual meeting of the American educational research association. New York City, NY."},{"key":"10853_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-6651-9","volume":"14","author":"H Fliege","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fliege, H., Becker, J., Walter, O. B., Bjorner, J. B., & Rose, K. M. (2005). Development of a computer-adaptive test for depression (d-cat). Quality of Life Research., 14, 2277\u20132291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-005-6651-9","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research."},{"key":"10853_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020178","volume":"171","author":"RD Gibbons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gibbons, R. D., Weiss, D. J., Pilkonis, P. A., Frank, E., Moore, T., Kim, J. B., et al. (2014). Development of the cat-anx: a computerized adaptive test for anxiety. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 187\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020178","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10853_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01039.x","volume":"21","author":"BG Green","year":"1984","unstructured":"Green, B. G., Bock, R. D., Humphries, L. G., Linn, R. L., & Reckase, M. D. (1984). Technical guidelines for assessing computerized adaptive tests. Journal of Educational Measurement, 21, 347\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01039.x","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10853_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2005.854571","volume":"48","author":"E Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n, E., & Conejo, R. (2005). Self-assessment in a feasible, adaptive web-based testing system. IEEE Transactions on Education, 48(4), 688\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TE.2005.854571","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Education"},{"key":"10853_CR13","unstructured":"Kalender, I. (2011). Effects of different computerized adaptive testing strategies on recovery of ability [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University"},{"key":"10853_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kingsbury, G. G., & Zara, A. R. (1989). Procedures for selecting items for computerized adaptive tests. AppliedMeasurement in Education, 2, 359\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15324818ame0204_6","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324818ame0204_6"},{"key":"10853_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kingsbury, G., & Zara, A. (1991). A Comparison of Procedures for Content-Sensitive Item Selection in Computerized Adaptive Tests. Applied Measurement in Education, 4(3), 241\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15324818ame0403_4","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324818ame0403_4"},{"key":"10853_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kreitzberg, C. B., Stocking, M. L., & Swanson, L. (1978). Computerized adaptive testing: Principles and directions. Computers & Education, 2(4) (1978), 319\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0360-1315(78)90007-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1315(78)90007-6"},{"key":"10853_CR17","volume-title":"Information theory and statistics","author":"S Kullback","year":"1959","unstructured":"Kullback, S. (1959). Information theory and statistics. Wiley."},{"key":"10853_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, Y. L., Lin, K. C., & Chien, T. W. (2019). Application of a multidimensional computerized adaptive test for a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale through computer-aided techniques.\u00a0Ann Gen Psychiatry,\u00a018(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12991-019-0228-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-019-0228-4"},{"key":"10853_CR19","unstructured":"Leung, C. K., Chang, H., & Hau, K. (2000, April). Content balancing in stratified computerized adaptive testing designs. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA."},{"key":"10853_CR20","unstructured":"Lin, H. (2012). Item selection methods in multidimensional computerized adaptive testing adopting polytomously-scored items under multidimensional generalized partial credit model [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."},{"issue":"4","key":"10853_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/014662169602000406","volume":"20","author":"RM Luecht","year":"1996","unstructured":"Luecht, R. M. (1996). Multidimensional computerized adaptive testing in a certification or licensure context. Applied Psychological Measurement, 20(4), 389\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662169602000406","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10853_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01437","volume":"11","author":"H Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo, H., Cai, Y., & Tu, D. (2020). Procedures to Develop a Computerized Adaptive Testing to Advance the Measurement of Narcissistic Personality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01437","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10853_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma, S. C., Wang, H. H., & Chien, T. W. (2017). A new technique to measure online bullying: online computerized adaptive testing. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 16(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12991-017-0149-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-017-0149-z"},{"key":"10853_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma, S., Chou, W., Chien, T., Chow, J. C., Yeh, Y., Chou, P., & Lee, H. (2020). An App for Detecting Bullying of Nurses Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Web-Based Computerized Adaptive Testing: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 8(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/16747","DOI":"10.2196\/16747"},{"key":"10853_CR25","first-page":"26","volume":"8","author":"JP Meyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meyer, J. P., & Zhu, S. (2013). Fair and equitable measurement of student learning in MOOCs: An introduction to item response theory, scale linking, and score equating. Research & Practice in Assessment, 8, 26\u201339.","journal-title":"Research & Practice in Assessment"},{"key":"10853_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.022","volume":"263","author":"TM Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore, T. M., Calkins, M. E., Reise, S. P., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2018). Development and public release of a computerized adaptive (cat) version of the schizotypal personality questionnaire. Psychiatry Research., 263, 250\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research."},{"issue":"2","key":"10853_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-008-9097-5","volume":"74","author":"J Mulder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mulder, J., & van der Linden, W. J. (2009). Multidimensional adaptive testing with optimal design criteria for item selection. Psychometrika, 74(2), 273\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11336-008-9097-5","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"10853_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-017-0039-0","volume":"14","author":"S Oppl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oppl, S., Reisinger, F., Eckmaier, A., et al. (2017). A flexible online platform for computerized adaptive testing. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(2), 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-017-0039-0","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"10853_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owen, R. J. (1969). A Bayesian approach to tailored testing (Research Bulletin 69-92). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2333-8504.1969.tb00771.x"},{"key":"10853_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1975.10479871","volume":"70","author":"RJ Owen","year":"1975","unstructured":"Owen, R. J. (1975). A Bayesian sequential procedure for quantal response in the context of adaptive mental testing. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 351\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1975.10479871","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"10853_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.05.010","volume":"56","author":"PA Pilkonis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pilkonis, P. A., Yu, L., Dodds, N. E., Johnston, K. L., Maihoefer, C. C., & Lawrence, S. M. (2014). Validation of the depression item bank from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (promis) in a three-month observational study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 56, 112\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.05.010","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10853_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reckase, M., D. (2009). Multidimensional Item Response Theory: Statistics for Social and Behavioural Sciences. New York, NY: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-89976-3"},{"key":"10853_CR33","first-page":"613","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Applications: A Bioinspired Approach","author":"P Salcedo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salcedo, P., Pinninghoff, M. A., & Contreras, R. (2005). Computerized adaptive tests and item response theory on a distance education platform. In J. Mira & J. R. \u00c1lvarez (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Applications: A Bioinspired Approach (pp. 613\u2013621). Springer."},{"key":"10853_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03372160","volume":"34","author":"F Samejima","year":"1969","unstructured":"Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika, 34, 1\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03372160","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"10853_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294343","volume":"61","author":"DO Segall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Segall, D. O. (1996). Multidimensional adaptive testing. Psychometrika, 61(2), 331\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02294343","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10853_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47531-6_3","volume-title":"Computerized adaptive testing: Theory and practice","author":"DO Segall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Segall, D. O. (2000). Principles of multidimensional adaptive testing. In W. J. van der Linden & C. A. W. Glas (Eds.), Computerized adaptive testing: Theory and practice (pp. 53\u201373). Kluwer Academic."},{"key":"10853_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295734","volume":"66","author":"DO Segall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Segall, D. O. (2001). General ability measurement: An application of multidimensional item response theory. Psychometrika, 66, 79\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02295734","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10853_CR38","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Social Measurement","author":"DO Segall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segall, D. O. (2004). Computerized Adaptive Testing. In K. Kempf-Leonard (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Social Measurement (pp. 429\u2013438). Academic."},{"key":"10853_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2333\/bhmk.33.75","volume":"1","author":"K Sijtsma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sijtsma, K., & Junker, B. W. (2006). Item response theory: past performance Present Developments and Future Expectations. Behaviormetrika, 1, 75\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2333\/bhmk.33.75","journal-title":"Behaviormetrika"},{"key":"10853_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5912-5","volume-title":"Optimal design","author":"SD Silvey","year":"1980","unstructured":"Silvey, S. D. (1980). Optimal design. Chapman & Hall."},{"key":"10853_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/014662169602000405","volume":"20","author":"WJ van der Linden","year":"1996","unstructured":"van der Linden, W. J. (1996). Assembling tests for the measurement of multiple traits. Applied Psychological Measurement, 20, 373\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662169602000405","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10853_CR42","unstructured":"Song, T. (2010). The effect of fitting a unidimensional IRT model to multidimensional data in content-balanced computerized adaptive testing [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University"},{"key":"10853_CR43","unstructured":"Sukamolson, S. (2002). Computerized Test\/Item Banking and Computerized Adaptive Testing for Teachers and Lecturers. Information Technology and Universities in Asia \u2013 ITUA. https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.133.211&rep=rep1&type=pdf"},{"key":"10853_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.02.018","volume":"97","author":"WT Tseng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tseng, W. T. (2016). Measuring English vocabulary size via computerized adaptive testing. Computers & Education, 97, 69\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.02.018","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10853_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986024004398","volume":"24","author":"WJ van der Linden","year":"1999","unstructured":"van der Linden, W. J. (1999). Multidimensional adaptive testing with a minimum error-variance criterion. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 24, 398\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/10769986024004398","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"},{"key":"10853_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2691-6","volume-title":"Handbook of modern item response theory","author":"WJ van der Linden","year":"1997","unstructured":"van der Linden, W. J., & Hambleton, R. K. (1997). Handbook of modern item response theory. Springer."},{"key":"10853_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-85461-8","volume-title":"Elements of adaptive testing","author":"WJ Van der Linden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van der Linden, W. J., & Pashley, P. J. (2010). Item selection and ability estimation in adaptive testing. In W. J. van der Linden & C. A. W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 3\u201330). Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"10853_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295132","volume":"67","author":"BP Veldkamp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Veldkamp, B. P., & van der Linden, W. J. (2002). Multidimensional adaptive testing with constraints on test content. Psychometrika, 67(4), 575\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02295132","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10853_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3992.1993.tb00519.x","volume":"12","author":"H Wainer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wainer, H. (1993). Some practical considerations when converting a linearly administrated test to an adaptive format. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practices, 12, 15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3992.1993.tb00519.x","journal-title":"Educational Measurement: Issues and Practices"},{"key":"10853_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410605931","volume-title":"Computerized adaptive testing: A primer","author":"H Wainer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wainer, H. (2000). Computerized adaptive testing: A primer (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.","edition":"2"},{"key":"10853_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1987.tb00274.x","volume":"6","author":"H Wainer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wainer, H., & Kiely, G. L. (1987). Item clusters and computerized adaptive testing: A case for testlets. Journal of Educational Measurement, 6, 473\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1987.tb00274.x","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"key":"10853_CR52","unstructured":"Wang, W. C. (2010). Recent developments in Rasch measurement. Paper presented at the Chair Professors: Public Lecture Series, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, China."},{"key":"10853_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1998.tb00530.x","volume":"35","author":"T Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang, T., & Vispoel, W. P. (1998). Properties of ability estimation methods in computerized adaptive testing. Journal of Educational Measurement, 35, 109\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1998.tb00530.x","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"issue":"5","key":"10853_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621604265938","volume":"28","author":"WC Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, W. C., & Chen, P. H. (2004). Implementation and measurement efficiency of multidimensional computerized adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 28(5), 295\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146621604265938","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10853_CR55","unstructured":"Wang, X. B., Pan, W., & Harris, V. (1999). Computerized adaptive testing simulations using real test-taker responses (LSAC Computerized Testing Report 96-06). Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council"},{"key":"10853_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294627","volume":"54","author":"TA Warm","year":"1989","unstructured":"Warm, T. A. (1989). Weighted likelihood estimation of ability in the item response theory. Psychometrika, 54, 427\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02294627","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10853_CR57","volume-title":"New horizons in testing: Latent trait test theory and computerized adaptive testing","author":"DJ Weiss","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weiss, D. J. (1983). New horizons in testing: Latent trait test theory and computerized adaptive testing. Academic Press."},{"key":"10853_CR58","unstructured":"Weiss, D. J. (2005). Manual for POSTSIM: Post-hoc simulation of computerized adaptive testing. Version 2.0. St. Paul, MN: Assessment Systems Corporation."},{"key":"10853_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x","volume":"21","author":"DJ Weiss","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weiss, D. J., & Kingsbury, G. G. (1984). Application of computerized adaptive testing to educational problems. Journal of Educational Measurement, 21, 361\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"key":"10853_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168400800303","volume":"8","author":"DJ Weiss","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weiss, D. J., & McBride, J. R. (1984). Bias and information of Bayesian adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8, 273\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662168400800303","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10853_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-012-9265-5","volume":"77","author":"L Yao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yao, L. (2012). Multidimensional CAT Item Selection Methods for Domain Scores and Composite Scores: Theory and Applications. Psychometrika, 77, 495\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11336-012-9265-5","journal-title":"Psychometrika"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10853-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10853-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10853-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T13:35:34Z","timestamp":1657200934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10853-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10853-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1360-2357"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7608"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We declare that there is no conflict of interest between the authors whatsoever.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}