{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:51:59Z","timestamp":1781635919749,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guizhou Province Higher Education Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform Project","award":["2019076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019076"]}]},{"name":"Research on Consumption Decision and Application of Improving the Traceability of China\u2019s Agricultural Industry Chain and Supply Chain","award":["21BGL161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21BGL161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11224-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T17:03:08Z","timestamp":1659978188000},"page":"1891-1909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Influence of blended instruction on students\u2019 learning effectiveness: the role of Flow"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10706-w","volume":"27","author":"V Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed, V., & Opoku, A. (2022). Technology supported learning and pedagogy in times of crisis: the case of COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 365\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10706-w","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"11224_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.02.089","volume":"60","author":"M Ak\u00e7ayir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ak\u00e7ayir, M., D\u00fcndar, H., & Ak\u00e7ayir, G. (2016). What makes you a digital native? Is it enough to be born after 1980? Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 435\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.02.089","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"11224_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.004","volume":"102","author":"D Al-Fraihat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., Masa\u2019deh, R., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 67\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.004","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"11224_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10041-4","volume":"23","author":"RS Algharabat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Algharabat, R. S., & Rana, N. P. (2021). Social Commerce in Emerging Markets and its Impact on Online Community Engagement. Information Systems Frontiers, 23(6), 1499\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-020-10041-4","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723327","volume":"16","author":"RP Bagozzi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02723327","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"key":"11224_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.02.005","volume":"96","author":"Y Bai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai, Y., Mo, D., Zhang, L., Boswell, M., & Rozelle, S. (2016). The impact of integrating ICT with teaching: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in rural schools in China. Computers & Education, 96, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.02.005","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75361-4","volume":"84","author":"A Bandura","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-75361-4","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"11224_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.019","volume":"62","author":"L Blasco-Arcas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blasco-Arcas, L., Buil, I., Hern\u00e1ndez-Ortega, B., & Sese, F. J. (2013). Using clickers in class. the role of interactivity, active collaborative learning and engagement in learning performance. Computers & Education, 62, 102\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.019","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"11224_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2017.06.001","volume":"22","author":"R Boelens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boelens, R., De Wever, B., & Voet, M. (2017). Four key challenges to the design of blended learning: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 22, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2017.06.001","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"11224_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10100-y","volume":"25","author":"F Bouilheres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouilheres, F., Le, L. T. V. H., McDonald, S., Nkhoma, C., & Jandug-Montera, L. (2020). Defining student learning experience through blended learning. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 3049\u20133069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10100-y","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"11224_CR11","volume-title":"Blended Synchronous Learning - A Handbook for Educators","author":"M Bower","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bower, M., Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G., Lee, M. J. W., & Kenney, J. (2014). Blended Synchronous Learning - A Handbook for Educators. Sydney: Australia: Office for Learning and Teaching, Department of Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.01.001","volume":"28","author":"YP Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang, Y. P., & Zhu, D. H. (2012). The role of perceived social capital and flow experience in building users\u2019 continuance intention to social networking sites in China. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 995\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2012.01.001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"11224_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.818","volume":"28","author":"CC Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., Yan, C. F., & Tseng, J. S. (2012). Perceived convenience in an extended technology acceptance model: Mobile technology and English learning for college students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(5), 809\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/ajet.818","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/21567069.2011.586678","volume":"19","author":"CY Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, C. Y., Pedersen, S., & Murphy, K. L. (2011). Learners\u2019 perceived information overload in online learning via computer-mediated communication. Research in Learning Technology, 19(2), 101\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21567069.2011.586678","journal-title":"Research in Learning Technology"},{"key":"11224_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.059","volume":"72","author":"IS Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, I. S. (2017). Computer self-efficacy, learning performance, and the mediating role of learning engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 362\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.059","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"11224_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106909","volume":"124","author":"TKF Chiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiu, T. K. F. (2021). Digital support for student engagement in blended learning based on self-determination theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106909","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"11224_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v15i5.1855","volume":"15","author":"Colin Milligan and Allison Littlejohn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colin Milligan and Allison Littlejohn. (2014). Supporting Professional Learning in a Massive Open Online Course. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(5), 197\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v15i5.1855","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning"},{"key":"11224_CR18","volume-title":"Beyond boredom and anxiety","author":"M Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1977","unstructured":"Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1977). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey Bass"},{"key":"11224_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104241","volume":"172","author":"F de Brito Lima","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Brito Lima, F., Lautert, S. L., & Gomes, A. S. (2021). Contrasting levels of student engagement in blended and non-blended learning scenarios. Computers & Education, 172, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104241","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"11224_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x","volume":"17","author":"A Diamantopoulos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x","journal-title":"British Journal of Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-017-0087-5","volume":"15","author":"C Dziuban","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-017-0087-5","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"11224_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240490507974","volume":"20","author":"MJ Eppler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eppler, M. J., & Mengis, J. (2004). The concept of information overload: A review of literature from organization science, accounting, marketing, MIS, and related disciplines. Information Society, 20(5), 325\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01972240490507974","journal-title":"Information Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312","volume":"18","author":"C Fornell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3151312","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543074001059","volume":"74","author":"JA Fredricks","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/00346543074001059","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2004.02.001","volume":"7","author":"DR Garrison","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 95\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2004.02.001","journal-title":"Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"11224_CR26","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective","author":"JF Hair","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R., & Black, W. C. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice Hall"},{"issue":"6","key":"11224_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12603","volume":"37","author":"H Heo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heo, H., Bonk, C. J., & Doo, M. Y. (2021). Enhancing learning engagement during COVID-19 pandemic: Self-efficacy in time management, technology use, and online learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(6), 1640\u20131652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12603","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"11224_CR28","volume-title":"Education in a competitive and globalising world: Adopting blended learning for collaborative work in higher education","author":"A Hogarth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hogarth, A. (2010). Education in a competitive and globalising world: Adopting blended learning for collaborative work in higher education. New York: Nova Science Publishers"},{"issue":"4","key":"11224_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.014","volume":"53","author":"PJH Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu, P. J. H., & Hui, W. (2012). Examining the role of learning engagement in technology-mediated learning and its effects on learning effectiveness and satisfaction. Decision Support Systems, 53(4), 782\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.014","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.003","volume":"58","author":"EY Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang, E. Y., Lin, S. W., & Huang, T. K. (2012). What type of learning style leads to online participation in the mixed-mode e-learning environment? A study of software usage instruction. Computers & Education, 58(1), 338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.003","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"11224_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jnr, B. A. (2021). An exploratory study on academic staff perception towards blended learning in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10705-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10705-x"},{"key":"11224_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jr, B. A. (2019). Exploring the role of blended learning for teaching and learning effectiveness in institutions of higher learning: An empirical investigation. Education and Information Technologies, 24(6), 3433\u20133466","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-019-09941-z"},{"issue":"5","key":"11224_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.008","volume":"26","author":"P Karr-Wisniewski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karr-Wisniewski, P., & Lu, Y. (2010). When more is too much: Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on knowledge worker productivity. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1061\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.008","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.05.015","volume":"55","author":"D Kember","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kember, D., McNaught, C., Chong, F. C. Y., Lam, P., & Cheng, K. F. (2010). Understanding the ways in which design features of educational websites impact upon student learning outcomes in blended learning environments. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1183\u20131192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.05.015","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"11","key":"11224_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2017.1362475","volume":"36","author":"IU Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan, I. U., Hameed, Z., Yu, Y., & Khan, S. U. (2017). Assessing the determinants of flow experience in the adoption of learning management systems: the moderating role of perceived institutional support. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(11), 1162\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2017.1362475","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-017-0043-4","volume":"14","author":"MJ Kintu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kintu, M. J., Zhu, C., & Kagambe, E. (2017). Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-017-0043-4","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"11224_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.02.021","volume":"136","author":"KMY Law","year":"2019","unstructured":"Law, K. M. Y., Geng, S., & Li, T. (2019). Student enrollment, motivation and learning performance in a blended learning environment: The mediating effects of social, teaching, and cognitive presence. Computers & Education, 136, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.02.021","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/15305050903534670","volume":"10","author":"JC Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, J. C., Yin, H., & Zhang, Z. (2010). Adaptation and analysis of motivated strategies for learning questionnaire in the Chinese setting. International Journal of Testing, 10(2), 149\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15305050903534670","journal-title":"International Journal of Testing"},{"issue":"4","key":"11224_CR39","first-page":"282","volume":"12","author":"DH Lim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2009). Learner and instructional factors influencing learning outcomes within a blended learning environment. Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 282\u2013293","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.12.009","volume":"27","author":"KY Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin, K. Y., & Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152\u20131161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2010.12.009","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.10.023","volume":"56","author":"MV L\u00f3pez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-P\u00e9rez, M. V., P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez, M. C., & Rodr\u00edguez-Ariza, L. (2011). Blended learning in higher education: Students\u2019 perceptions and their relation to outcomes. Computers & Education, 56(3), 818\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.10.023","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"11224_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12579","volume":"37","author":"L Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, L., & Lee, C. S. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning using the ARCS model. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(5), 1397\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12579","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2015.1024595","volume":"150","author":"B Mesurado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mesurado, B., Richaud, C., M., & Jos\u00e9 Mateo, N. (2016). Engagement, flow, self-efficacy, and Eustress of University Students: A cross-national comparison between the Philippines and Argentina. Journal of Psychology, 150(3), 281\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223980.2015.1024595","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"11224_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916511404408","volume":"44","author":"S Misra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Misra, S., & Stokols, D. (2012). Psychological and Health Outcomes of Perceived Information Overload. Environment and Behavior, 44(6), 737\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0013916511404408","journal-title":"Environment and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"11224_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/03098260902982484","volume":"34","author":"P Mitchell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitchell, P., & Forer, P. (2010). Blended learning: The perceptions of first-year geography students. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 34(1), 77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03098260902982484","journal-title":"Journal of Geography in Higher Education"},{"key":"11224_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2012.12.003","volume":"18","author":"R Owston","year":"2013","unstructured":"Owston, R., York, D., & Murtha, S. (2013). Student perceptions and achievement in a university blended learning strategic initiative. Internet and Higher Education, 18, 38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2012.12.003","journal-title":"Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"11224_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panigrahi, R., Srivastava, P. R., Panigrahi, P. K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Role of Internet Self-Efficacy and Interactions on Blended Learning Effectiveness. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08874417.2021.2004565","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2021.2004565"},{"key":"11224_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.11.015","volume":"95","author":"T Phan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phan, T., McNeil, S. G., & Robin, B. R. (2016). Students\u2019 patterns of engagement and course performance in a Massive Open Online Course. Computers & Education, 95, 36\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.11.015","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"11224_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.016","volume":"122","author":"PWC Prasad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prasad, P. W. C., Maag, A., Redestowicz, M., & Hoe, L. S. (2018). Unfamiliar technology: Reaction of international students to blended learning. Computers & Education, 122, 92\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.016","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10984-019-09303-z","volume":"23","author":"A Raes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raes, A., Detienne, L., Windey, I., & Depaepe, F. (2020). A systematic literature review on synchronous hybrid learning:gaps identified. Learning Environments Research, 23(3), 269\u2013290","journal-title":"Learning Environments Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"11224_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10375-1","volume":"26","author":"YB Rajabalee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rajabalee, Y. B., & Santally, M. I. (2021). Learner satisfaction, engagement and performances in an online module: Implications for institutional e-learning policy. Education and Information Technologies, 26(3), 2623\u20132656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-020-10375-1","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"11224_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103701","volume":"144","author":"RA Rasheed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., & Abdullah, N. A. (2020). Challenges in the online component of blended learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 144, 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103701","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"11224_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.09.012","volume":"78","author":"D Shin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin, D. (2018). Empathy and embodied experience in virtual environment: To what extent can virtual reality stimulate empathy and embodied experience? Computers in Human Behavior, 78, 64\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.09.012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2018.1517732","volume":"38","author":"K Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith, K., & Hill, J. (2019). Defining the nature of blended learning through its depiction in current research. Higher Education Research and Development, 38(2), 383\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2018.1517732","journal-title":"Higher Education Research and Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2010.01157.x","volume":"43","author":"JCY Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun, J. C. Y., & Rueda, R. (2012). Situational interest, computer self-efficacy and self-regulation: Their impact on student engagement in distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(2), 191\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2010.01157.x","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"11224_CR56","volume-title":"Introduction to Psychometric Theory","author":"GAM Tenko Raykov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tenko Raykov, G. A. M. (2010). Introduction to Psychometric Theory. New York: Routledge"},{"issue":"4","key":"11224_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10500-8","volume":"26","author":"AB Ustun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ustun, A. B., Yilmaz, K., F. G., & Yilmaz, R. (2021). Investigating the role of accepting learning management system on students\u2019 engagement and sense of community in blended learning. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4), 4751\u20134769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10500-8","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"2","key":"11224_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.10.003","volume":"6","author":"M Van Dinther","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Dinther, M., Dochy, F., & Segers, M. (2011). Factors affecting students\u2019 self-efficacy in higher education. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 95\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.10.003","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"11224_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-020-00164-7","volume":"7","author":"MH Vo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vo, M. H., Zhu, C., & Nguyet, A. (2020). Students \u2019 performance in blended learning: disciplinary difference and instructional design factors. Journal of Computers in Education, 7(4), 487\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40692-020-00164-7","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"11224_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2016.03.006","volume":"53","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Zhao, L., Lu, Y., & Yang, J. (2016). Do you get tired of socializing? An empirical explanation of discontinuous usage behaviour in social network services. Information & Management, 53(7), 904\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2016.03.006","journal-title":"Information & Management"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11224-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11224-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11224-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T23:57:11Z","timestamp":1744156631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11224-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["11224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11224-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statements and Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conficts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}