{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:54:20Z","timestamp":1770832460585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11590-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T10:13:30Z","timestamp":1674123210000},"page":"9957-9983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Discourse about higher education on Twitter in early phases of COVID-19: A crisis management social network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Patrick","family":"Biddix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9695-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyejin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8598-5835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gresham D.","family":"Collom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Misty R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1378-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"11590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03222-9","volume":"121","author":"NN Abbas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbas, N. N., Ahmed, T., Shah, S. H. U., Omar, M., & Park, H. W. (2019). Investigating the applications of artificial intelligence in cyber security. Scientometrics, 121(2), 1189\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03222-9","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"11590_CR2","unstructured":"American College Health Association. (2020). ACHA Responds to coronavirus outbreak. American College Health Association:\u00a0https:\/\/acha.readz.com\/acha-responds-to-coronavirus-outbreak. Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"key":"11590_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aldahdouh, T. Z., Nokelainen, P., & Korhonen, V. (2020). Technology and social media usage in higher education: The influence on individual innovativeness. SAGE Open, 10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244019899441","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019899441"},{"key":"11590_CR4","volume-title":"Boston University faculty protest reopening plan","author":"Associated Press","year":"2020","unstructured":"Associated Press. (2020). Boston University faculty protest reopening plan. Boston Globe Media Partners. https:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/local-news\/2020\/08\/13\/boston-university-facultyto-protest-colleges-reopening-plan\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1070-0","volume":"99","author":"G Barnett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barnett, G., Park, H. W., Jiang, K., Tang, C., & Aguillo, I. (2013). A multi-level network analysis of web-citations a mong the world\u2019s universities. Scientometrics, 99(1), 5\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1070-0","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"11590_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnett, G., Ruiz, J. B., & Park, H. W. (2015). Globalization or decentralization of hyperlinked content among websites: An examination of website co-citations. 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kauai, USA.\u00a0https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7070026. Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2015.215"},{"issue":"2","key":"11590_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/23294884211008584","volume":"59","author":"T Batova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batova, T. (2021). To wear or not to wear: A commentary on mistrust in public comments to CDC tweets about mask-wearing during COVID19. International Journal of Business Communication, 59(2), 287\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23294884211008584","journal-title":"International Journal of Business Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR8","first-page":"46","volume":"5","author":"M Biswas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biswas, M. (2013). Health organizations\u2019 use of social media tools during a pandemic situation: An H1N1 flu context. Journal of New Communications Research, 5(1), 46\u201381.","journal-title":"Journal of New Communications Research"},{"key":"11590_CR9","unstructured":"Blackboard. (2020). 7 helpful online learning resources for fall. Blackboard Blog. https:\/\/blog.blackboard.com\/7-helpful-online-learning-resources\/"},{"key":"11590_CR10","volume-title":"How COVID-19 is changing the way families save for college costs","author":"S Block","year":"2020","unstructured":"Block, S., & Ermey, R. (2020). How COVID-19 is changing the way families save for college costs. Kiplinger. https:\/\/www.kiplinger.com\/personalfinance\/careers\/college\/601130\/how-covid-19-is-changing-the-way-families-save-for-college"},{"key":"11590_CR11","volume-title":"College board cancels may SAT in response to the coronavirus","author":"C Board","year":"2020","unstructured":"Board, C. (2020). College board cancels may SAT in response to the coronavirus. College Board Newsroom. https:\/\/newsroom.collegeboard.org\/college-board-cancelsmay-sat-response-coronavirus"},{"issue":"7","key":"11590_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2020.1825345","volume":"39","author":"M Bolumole","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bolumole, M. (2020). Student life in the age of COVID-19. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1357\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2020.1825345","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2004.11.008","volume":"27","author":"SP Borgatti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borgatti, S. P. (2005). Centrality and network flow. Social Networks, 27(1), 55\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socnet.2004.11.008","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"11590_CR14","unstructured":"Brunetti, L. M. (2021). The rapid transition to remote learning during a pandemic: Stakeholder perspectives of the student learning experience [Doctoral dissertation, Johnson & Wales University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing."},{"key":"11590_CR15","unstructured":"Burt, T. (2021). Perceptions of institutions of higher learning responses to COVID-19 in the area of instruction [Doctoral dissertation, William Carey University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing."},{"key":"11590_CR16","volume-title":"Coronavirus forces hundreds of sites to cancel the March SAT.U.S","author":"L Camera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camera, L. (2020). Coronavirus forces hundreds of sites to cancel the March SAT.U.S. News. https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/national-news\/articles\/2020-03-12\/coronavirusforces-hundreds-of-sites-to-cancel-the-march-sat"},{"key":"11590_CR17","unstructured":"Carapezza, K. (2020). \u2018Organized chaos\u2019: Many Mass. Colleges unprepared for transition to online teaching. GBH 89.7. https:\/\/www.wgbh.org\/news\/education\/2020\/03\/17\/organized-chaos-many-mass-colleges-unprepared-for-transition-to-online-teaching"},{"key":"11590_CR18","volume-title":"Advantages of community colleges during COVID-19","author":"A Castonguay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castonguay, A. (2020). Advantages of community colleges during COVID-19. U.S. News. https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/blogs\/college-rankings-blog\/articles\/2020-08-06\/advantages-of-community-colleges-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic"},{"issue":"5","key":"11590_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000121","volume":"30","author":"JM Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung, J. M., Basiaga, M., & Olympia, R. P. (2014). Compliance of colleges and universities in the United States with nationally published guidelines for emergency and disaster preparedness. Pediatric Emergency Care, 30(5), 319\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000121","journal-title":"Pediatric Emergency Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"11590_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-11-2012-0089","volume":"66","author":"M Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, M., Sang, Y., & Park, H. W. (2014). Exploring political discussions by Korean Twitter users: A look at opinion leadership and homophily phenomenon. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 66(6), 582\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/AJIM-11-2012-0089","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"11590_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chong, M., & Park, H. W. (2021). COVID-19 in the Twitterverse, from epidemic to pandemic: Information-sharing behavior and Twitter as an information carrier. Scientometrics. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-021-04054-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-04054-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.55504\/0884-9153.1781","volume":"51","author":"GD Collom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Collom, G. D., & Cooper, A. (2022). Tennessee Reconnect in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative analysis. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 51(1), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55504\/0884-9153.1781","journal-title":"Journal of Student Financial Aid"},{"key":"11590_CR23","unstructured":"Con la tecnolog\u00eda de Blogger. (2020a). E-learning, conocimiento en red. https:\/\/e-learning-teleformacion.blogspot.com\/2020\/03\/la-inteligencia-artificial-en-la.html"},{"key":"11590_CR24","unstructured":"Cooper, K. L. (2021). How North Carolina Community College faculty transitioned from traditional course delivery to online course delivery using emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory case study [Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University]. NC State University Libraries. https:\/\/repository.lib.ncsu.edu\/handle\/1840.20\/39082. Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"key":"11590_CR25","volume-title":"Crisis management: Leading in the new strategy landscape","author":"WR Crandell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crandell, W. R., Parnell, J. A., & Spillan, J. E. (2009). Crisis management: Leading in the new strategy landscape (1st ed.). SAGE.","edition":"1"},{"key":"11590_CR26","volume-title":"Crisis management: Leading in the new strategy landscape","author":"WR Crandell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crandell, W. R., Parnell, J. A., & Spillan, J. E. (2014). Crisis management: Leading in the new strategy landscape (2nd ed.). SAGE.","edition":"2"},{"key":"11590_CR27","volume-title":"Search your school: Put your colleges through a financial stress test","author":"P D'Amato","year":"2020","unstructured":"D'Amato, P. (2020). Search your school: Put your colleges through a financial stress test. NBC News. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/education\/college-financial-fitness-trackern1235337"},{"key":"11590_CR28","unstructured":"Feehan, B. (2022). 2022 higher education social media engagement report. Rival IQ. https:\/\/www.rivaliq.com\/blog\/higher-ed-social-media-engagement-report\/.\u00a0Accessed 14 Jan 2023."},{"key":"11590_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36019\/9781978801868","volume-title":"Crisis leadership in higher education: Theory and practice","author":"RA Gigliotti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gigliotti, R. A. (2019). Crisis leadership in higher education: Theory and practice. Rutgers University Press."},{"issue":"7","key":"11590_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2020.1826029","volume":"39","author":"W Green","year":"2020","unstructured":"Green, W. (2020). Precarity, fear, and hope: Reflecting and imagining in higher education during a global pandemic. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1309\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2020.1826029","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development"},{"key":"11590_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gregory, K., & Singh, S. S. (2018). Anger in academic Twitter: Sharing, caring, and getting mad online. TripleC, 16(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31269\/triplec.v16i1.890","DOI":"10.31269\/triplec.v16i1.890"},{"issue":"2","key":"11590_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.7238\/rusc.v10i2.1744","volume":"10","author":"PAP Guzm\u00e1n Duque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n Duque, P. A. P., & del Moral P\u00e9rez, P. M. E. (2013). Twitter\u2019s contribution to improving strategic communication in Latin American universities. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 10(2), 478\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7238\/rusc.v10i2.1744","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"11590_CR33","volume-title":"The top 50 U.S. colleges that pay off the most in 2020","author":"A Hess","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hess, A. (2020). The top 50 U.S. colleges that pay off the most in 2020. CNBC. https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/07\/28\/the-top-50-us-colleges-that-pay-off-the-most-in-2020.html"},{"key":"11590_CR34","unstructured":"Hootsuite. (2019). 2019 Social campus report.\u00a0https:\/\/www.hootsuite.com\/resources\/social-campus-report?utm_campaign=all-. Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"key":"11590_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-020-04016-6","volume":"103","author":"K Hunt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hunt, K., Wang, B., & Zhuang, J. (2020). Misinformation debunking and cross-platform information sharing through Twitter during hurricanes Harvey and Irma: A case study on shelters and ID checks. Natural Hazards, 103, 861\u2013883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-020-04016-6","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"key":"11590_CR36","volume-title":"Nervous freshmen, nervous colleges","author":"S Jaschik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jaschik, S. (2020). Nervous freshmen, nervous colleges. Inside Higher Ed. https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/admissions\/article\/2020\/08\/10\/survey-40-percent-freshmen-maynot-enroll-any-four-year-college"},{"key":"11590_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S189963","volume":"10","author":"D Jeong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeong, D., & Jalali, A. (2019). Who tweets in academia? An overview of Twitter use in higher education. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 10, 171\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/AMEP.S189963","journal-title":"Advances in Medical Education and Practice"},{"key":"11590_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, F., Wang, W., Zhao, L., Dougherty, E., Cao, Y., Lu, C. T., & Ramakrishnan, N. (2014). Misinformation propagation in the age of Twitter. Computer, 47(12), 90\u201394. https:\/\/doi.ieeecomputersociety.org\/10.1109\/MC.2014.361","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2014.361"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399712471626","volume":"45","author":"N Kapucu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kapucu, N., & Khosa, S. (2013). Disaster resiliency and culture of preparedness for university and college campuses. Administration & Society, 45(1), 3\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0095399712471626","journal-title":"Administration & Society"},{"key":"11590_CR40","volume-title":"Colleges giving tuition discounts this spring","author":"E Kerr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kerr, E. (2020). Colleges giving tuition discounts this spring. U.S. News https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/paying-for-college\/articles\/these-colleges-aregiving-tuition-discounts-this-fall"},{"key":"11590_CR41","volume-title":"What \u2018distance learning\u2019 looks like for students without computers or wi-fi","author":"R Klein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klein, R. (2020). What \u2018distance learning\u2019 looks like for students without computers or wi-fi. Huffington Post. https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/corona-virus-college-remotelearning_n_5e6bb5cdc5b6dda30fc8568c?utm_medium=facebook&utm_source=parents_fb&ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000037&utm_campaign=hp_fb_pages"},{"key":"11590_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kouzy, R., Jaoude, J. A., Kraitem, A., El Alam, M. B., Karam, B., Adib, E., Zarka, J., Traboulsi, C., Akl, E. W., & Baddour, K. (2020). Coronavirus goes viral: Quantifying the COVID-19 misinformation epidemic on Twitter. Cureus 12(3), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.7255","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7255"},{"issue":"7","key":"11590_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2020.1824211","volume":"39","author":"B Leask","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leask, B. (2020). Embracing the possibilities of disruption. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1388\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2020.1824211","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development"},{"issue":"52","key":"11590_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-021-00286-7","volume":"18","author":"J Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, J., & Jung, I. (2021). Instructional changes instigated by university faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic: The effect of individual, course and institutional factors. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(52), 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-021-00286-7","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"11590_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2413-z","volume":"112","author":"MK Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, M. K., Yoon, H. Y., Smith, M., Park, H. J., & Park, H. W. (2017). Mapping a Twitter scholarly communication network: A case of the association of internet researchers\u2019 conference. Scientometrics, 112, 767\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2413-z","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"11590_CR46","unstructured":"Lewis, D. (2020). Choosing the right final year research, honour or capstone project for you. Skills, career pathways & what\u2019s involved. https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Cl9syLlPivJumk6PuK_Tyk4-CKtOThZ\/view"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812457335","volume":"15","author":"YS Lim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lim, Y. S., & Park, H. W. (2013). The structural relationship between politicians\u2019 web visibility and political finance networks: A case study of South Korea\u2019s National Assembly members. New Media & Society, 15(1), 93\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444812457335","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"key":"11590_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-021-04820-5","volume":"179","author":"BF Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, B. F., Shi, D., Lim, J. R., Islam, K., Edwards, A. L., & Seeger, M. (2021a). When crises hit home: How U.S. higher education leaders navigate values during uncertain times. Journal of Business Ethics, 179, 353\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-021-04820-5","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"11590_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.30658\/jicrcr.4.3.1","volume":"4","author":"BF Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, B. F., Lim, J. R., Shi, D., Edwards, A., Islam, K., Sheppard, R., & Seeger, M. (2021). Evolving best practices in crisis communication: Examining US higher education\u2019s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, 4(3), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30658\/jicrcr.4.3.1","journal-title":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"11590_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2020.1869221","volume":"24","author":"H Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu, H., Weintz, C., Pace, J., Indana, D., Linka, K., & Kuhl, E. (2021). Are college campuses superspreaders? A data-driven modeling study. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 24(10), 1136\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10255842.2020.1869221","journal-title":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"11590_CR51","unstructured":"Lumina Foundation (2021). Lumina impact ventures.\u00a0https:\/\/www.luminafoundation.org\/campaign\/lumina-impact-ventures\/.\u00a0Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"key":"11590_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09790-5","volume":"68","author":"T Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo, T., Freeman, C., & Stefaniak, J. (2020). \"Like, comment and share\"\u2013professional development through social media in higher education: A systematic review. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 1659\u20131683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-020-09790-5","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"36","key":"11590_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0166-x","volume":"16","author":"A Malik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malik, A., Heyman-Schrum, C., & Johri, A. (2019). Use of Twitter across educational settings: A review of the literature. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(36), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-019-0166-x","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"11590_CR54","volume-title":"Top personal finance experts offer tips on paying for college during a pandemic","author":"B McGurran","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGurran, B. (2020). Top personal finance experts offer tips on paying for college during a pandemic. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/advisor\/2020\/08\/05\/top-personalfinance-experts-offer-tips-on-paying-for-college-during-a-pandemic\/?sh=2313d06b6a12"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.17477\/jcea.2016.15.1.064","volume":"15","author":"H Meier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meier, H. (2016). Global civil society from hyperlink perspective: Exploring the website networks of international NGOs. Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, 15(1), 64\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17477\/jcea.2016.15.1.064","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia"},{"key":"11590_CR56","volume-title":"Why some companies emerge stronger and better from a crisis","author":"II Mitroff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mitroff, I. I. (2005). Why some companies emerge stronger and better from a crisis. AMACOM."},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3200\/CHNG.38.1.61-67","volume":"38","author":"I Mitroff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mitroff, I., Diamond, M., & Alpaslan, C. (2006). How prepared are America\u2019s colleges and universities for major crises? Change, 38(1), 60\u201367.","journal-title":"Change"},{"key":"11590_CR58","volume-title":"Overwhelmed by intrusions","author":"G Moore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moore, G. (2020). Overwhelmed by intrusions. Science Node. https:\/\/sciencenode.org\/feature\/Overwhelmed%20by%20intrusions.php"},{"key":"11590_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2021.1996337","author":"G Mutinda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mutinda, G., & Liu, Z. (2021). Perceptions on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students\u2019 wellbeing in Kenya \u2013 a thematic analysis approach. Higher Education Research & Development. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2021.1996337","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development"},{"key":"11590_CR60","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). (2021). Fall enrollment component [Table 1]. U.S. Department of Education.\u00a0https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/ipeds\/search\/ViewTable?tableId=29448. Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"key":"11590_CR61","unstructured":"Odabas, M. (2022). 10 facts about Americans and Twitter. Pew Research Center.\u00a0https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2022\/05\/05\/10-facts-about-americans-and-twitter\/.\u00a0Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-019-00840-6","volume":"54","author":"SJ Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, S. J., & Park, H. W. (2020). Diffusion of cryptocurrencies: Web traffic and social network attributes as indicators of cryptocurrency performance. Quality & Quantity, 54(1), 297\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-019-00840-6","journal-title":"Quality & Quantity"},{"issue":"4","key":"11590_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.10.021","volume":"56","author":"SJ Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park, S. J., Jeong, D. H., & Park, H. W. (2019). Analytical framework for evaluating digital diplomacy using network analysis and topic modeling: Comparing South Korea and Japan. Information Processing and Management, 56(4), 1468\u20131483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.10.021","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"11590_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18897","DOI":"10.2196\/18897","volume":"22","author":"HW Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, H. W., Park, S., & Chong, M. (2020). Conversations and medical news frames on Twitter: Infodemiological study on COVID-19 in South Korea. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e18897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/18897","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"11590_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e300405. 1\u201315","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2021.jul.05","volume":"30","author":"HJ Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, H. J., Biddix, J. P., & Park, H. W. (2021). Discussion, news information, and research sharing on social media at the onset of Covid-19. El Profesional De La Informac\u00f3n, 30(4), e300405. 1-15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3145\/epi.2021.jul.05","journal-title":"El Profesional De La Informac\u00f3n"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2307\/259099","volume":"23","author":"CM Pearson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. The Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 59\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/259099","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5465\/ame.1993.9409142058","volume":"7","author":"C Pearson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pearson, C., & Mitroff, I. (1993). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 48\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/ame.1993.9409142058","journal-title":"Academy of Management Executive"},{"key":"11590_CR68","unstructured":"Retrieval Practice. (2018). Weekly teaching tips. https:\/\/www.retrievalpractice.org\/strategies\/2018\/definition?utm_content=buffer0481a&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730590904571","volume":"10","author":"B Reynolds","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reynolds, B., & Seeger, M. W. (2005). Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model. Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10810730590904571","journal-title":"Journal of Health Communication"},{"key":"11590_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, R. D. (1977). Decentralization of authority in colleges and universities. Research in Higher Education, 6(2), 97\u2013123. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40195103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00991414"},{"key":"11590_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scott, J. (2017). Social network analysis (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781529716597","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529716597"},{"issue":"1","key":"11590_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.17471\/2499-4324\/174","volume":"20","author":"N Selwyn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Selwyn, N. (2012). Social media in formal and informal education between potentialities and reality. Social Networks and Learning, 20(1), 4\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17471\/2499-4324\/174","journal-title":"Social Networks and Learning"},{"key":"11590_CR73","unstructured":"Shear, M. D., Haberman, M., Confessore, N., Yourish, K., & Collins, K. (2019). How Trump reshaped the presidency in over 11,000 tweets. The New York Times.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/11\/02\/us\/politics\/trump-twitter-presidency.html.\u00a0Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"key":"11590_CR74","volume-title":"How the coronavirus has upended college admissions","author":"T Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith, T. (2020). How the coronavirus has upended college admissions. NPR. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/08\/12\/900173338\/how-the-coronavirus-has-upended-collegeadmissions"},{"key":"11590_CR75","unstructured":"Smith, M., Ceni, A., Milic-Frayling, N., Shneiderman, B., Mendes Rodrigues, E., Leskovec, J., & Dunne, C. (2010). NodeXL: a free and open network overview, discovery and exploration addin for Excel 2007\/2010\/2013\/2016. Social Media Research Foundation. https:\/\/www.smrfoundation.org"},{"key":"11590_CR76","volume-title":"Mapping Twitter topic networks: From polarized crowds to community clusters","author":"MA Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, M. A., Rainie, L., Shneiderman, B., & Himelboim, I. (2014). Mapping Twitter topic networks: From polarized crowds to community clusters. PEW Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2014\/02\/20\/mapping-twitter-topic-networks-from-polarized-crowds-to-community-clusters\/"},{"key":"11590_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, L., Bansal, S., Bode, L., Budak, C., Chi, G., Kawintiranon, K., Padden, C., Vanarsdall, R., Vraga, E., & Wang, Y. (2020). A first look at COVID-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter. Social and Information Networks. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2003.13907","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2003.13907"},{"key":"11590_CR78","unstructured":"Social Media Research Foundation. (2021). Overall Metrics Defined.\u00a0https:\/\/www.smrfoundation.org\/networks\/overall-metrics-defined\/.\u00a0Accessed\u00a014 Nov 2022."},{"issue":"5","key":"11590_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817709282","volume":"20","author":"S Stier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stier, S., Sch\u00fcnemann, W. J., & Steiger, S. (2018). Of activists and gatekeepers: Temporal and structural properties of policy networks on Twitter. New Media & Society, 20(5), 1910\u20131930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444817709282","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"key":"11590_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00439-1","volume":"2","author":"F Tagliabue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tagliabue, F., Galassi, L., & Mariani, P. (2020). The \u201cpandemic\u201d of disinformation in COVID-19. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 2, 1287\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42399-020-00439-1","journal-title":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"11590_CR81","volume-title":"When students see you on screen this fall, they need to see someone professorial, someone who has created a classroom [tweet]","author":"The Chronicle of Higher Education [@chronicle]","year":"2020","unstructured":"The Chronicle of Higher Education [@chronicle]. (2020). When students see you on screen this fall, they need to see someone professorial, someone who has created a classroom [tweet]. Twitter. https:\/\/twitter.com\/chronicle\/status\/1293925352755036160"},{"issue":"4","key":"11590_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09790-5","volume":"68","author":"L Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian, L., Freeman, C., & Stefaniak, J. (2020). \u201cLike, comment, and share\u201d\u2014professional development through social media in higher education: A systematic review. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 1659\u20131683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-020-09790-5","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"11590_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ix","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1399.000","volume":"1128","author":"W Tucker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tucker, W., Ferson, S., Finkel, A., & Slavin, D. (2008). Strategies for risk communication: Evolution, evidence, experience. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1128, ix\u2013xii. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1399.000","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"11590_CR84","unstructured":"Victory, L. (2020). High school seniors struggle with registration problems trying to sign up for ACT exams. CBS Chicago. https:\/\/chicago.cbslocal.com\/video\/4654139-high-school-seniorsstruggle-with-registration-problems-trying-to-sign-up-for-act-exams\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"11590_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/1523422310394433","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, J., & Hutchins, H. M. (2010). Crisis management in higher education: What have we learned from Virginia Tech? Advances in Developing Human Resources, 12(5), 552\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1523422310394433","journal-title":"Advances in Developing Human Resources"},{"key":"11590_CR86","unstructured":"Weller, M. (2020a). The COVID-19 online pivot: The student perspective. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/?p=37758"},{"key":"11590_CR87","unstructured":"Weller, M. (2020b). The COVID-19 online pivot: Adapting university teaching to social distancing. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/?p=37729"},{"key":"11590_CR88","unstructured":"Whiteford, E. (2020). August waves of campus reopening reversals. Inside Higher Ed. https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2020\/08\/12\/colleges-walk-back-fall-reopeningplans-and-opt-online-only-instruction"},{"issue":"10","key":"11590_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764214527091","volume":"58","author":"WW Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu, W. W., Sang, Y., Blasiola, S., & Park, H. A. (2014). Predicting opinion leaders in Twitter activism networks: The case of the Wisconsin recall election. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(10), 1278\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764214527091","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"11590_CR90","volume-title":"How to appeal college financial aid decisions due to coronavirus","author":"A Yale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yale, A. (2020). How to appeal college financial aid decisions due to coronavirus. Fox Business. https:\/\/www.foxbusiness.com\/money\/how-to-appeal-college-financial-aiddecisions"},{"issue":"7","key":"11590_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2020.1824212","volume":"39","author":"R Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, R. (2020). China\u2019s higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Some preliminary observations. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1317\u20131321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2020.1824212","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"11590_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/1050651918816360","volume":"33","author":"MC Yim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yim, M. C., & Park, H. S. (2019). Why legitimacy matters in crisis communication: A case study of the \u201cnut rage\u201d incident on Korean air. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 33(2), 172\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1050651918816360","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Technical Communication"},{"key":"11590_CR93","unstructured":"Yuzhang, H. (2021). Examining production, dissemination, and consumption of misinformation: The case of COVID-19 pandemic (Publication No. 28546698) [Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses."},{"issue":"8","key":"11590_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27681","DOI":"10.2196\/27681","volume":"23","author":"YP Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. P., & Park, H. W. (2021). Development of a COVID-19 web information transmission structure based on a quadruple helix model: Webometric network approach using Bing. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8), e27681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/27681","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11590-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11590-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11590-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1691746374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11590-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["11590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11590-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}