{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:06:21Z","timestamp":1778274381905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12153-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:06:42Z","timestamp":1693296402000},"page":"8493-8522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Think together, design together, code together: the effect of augmented reality activity designed by children on the computational thinking skills"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"\u0130pek","family":"I\u015fik Arslano\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5534-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat Bahad\u0131r","family":"Kert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Tonbulo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"12153_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13168","volume":"53","author":"F Aydo\u011fdu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aydo\u011fdu, F. (2022). Augmented reality for preschool children: An experience with educational contents. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(2), 326\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13168","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"12153_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5578\/keg.10767","volume":"10","author":"B Aydo\u011fdu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aydo\u011fdu, B., & Karaku\u015f, F. (2017). Basic process skills scale of towards pre-school students: a scale development study. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 10(1), 49\u201372 Retrieved from https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/pub\/akukeg\/issue\/29365\/314203","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Educational Science"},{"issue":"23","key":"12153_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/59.23.2314","volume":"59","author":"KN Barker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barker, K. N., Flynn, E. A., & Pepper, G. A. (2002). Observation method of detecting medication errors. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 59(23), 2314\u20132316.","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"issue":"4","key":"12153_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/jaal.496","volume":"59","author":"Q Burke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burke, Q., O'Byrne, W. I., & Kafai, Y. B. (2016). Computational participation: Understanding coding as an extension of literacy instruction. Journal of Adolescent & adult literacy, 59(4), 371\u2013375.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent & adult literacy"},{"key":"12153_CR5","unstructured":"Cavedini, P., de Castro Bertagnolli, S., Peres, A., Locatelli, E. L., Marista, R. (2020). Educational Game for Laterality Development in Early Childhood and the Importance of Participatory Design. In SIIE."},{"issue":"6","key":"12153_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-018-0292-7","volume":"62","author":"YH Ching","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ching, Y. H., Hsu, Y. C., & Baldwin, S. (2018). Developing computational thinking with educational technologies for young learners. TechTrends, 62(6), 563\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-018-0292-7","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"12153_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chuang, S., Kiyokawa, K., Takernura, H. (2013). Argotrainer\u2014Learning goes in an augmented-reality environment. In 2013 23rd International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence (ICAT), 72-77.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAT.2013.6728909"},{"key":"12153_CR8","unstructured":"Cleto, B., Sylla, C., Ferreira, L., Moura, J. M. (2020). CodeCubes: Coding with Augmented Reality. In First International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2020)."},{"key":"12153_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dass, N., Kim, J., Ford, S., Agarwal, S., Chau, D. H. (2018). Augmenting coding: Augmented reality for learning programming. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of Chinese CHI, 156-159.","DOI":"10.1145\/3202667.3202695"},{"key":"12153_CR10","unstructured":"Dimitrov, D. M., Rumrill, S. Jr., Phillip, D. (2003). \u2018Pretest-posttest Designs and Measurement of Change\u2019. 159 \u2013 165."},{"key":"12153_CR11","unstructured":"Fust\u00e9 Lleix\u00e0, A. (2018). Hypercubes: learning computational thinking through embodied spatial programming in augmented reality (Master Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)."},{"key":"12153_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardeli, A., Vosinakis, S. (2018). The effect of tangible augmented reality interfaces on teaching computational thinking: A preliminary study. In International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning, 673-684. Springer, Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11932-4_63"},{"key":"12153_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardeli, A., Vosinakis, S. (2019). ARQuest: A tangible augmented reality approach to developing computational thinking skills. In 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games), 1-8.","DOI":"10.1109\/VS-Games.2019.8864603"},{"key":"12153_CR14","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update","author":"D George","year":"2010","unstructured":"George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update ((10a ed.) ed.). Pearson.","edition":"(10a ed.)"},{"key":"12153_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05532-5_24","volume-title":"Technology Trends. CITT 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science","author":"MD G\u00f3mez Rios","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez Rios, M. D., & Paredes Velasco, M. (2019). Augmented Reality as a Methodology to Development of Learning in Programming. In M. Botto-Tobar, G. Pizarro, M. Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Prieto, M. D\u2019Armas, & M. Z\u00fa\u00f1iga S\u00e1nchez (Eds.), Technology Trends. CITT 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 895). Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-05532-5_24"},{"key":"12153_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Havl\u00e1skov\u00e1, T., Homanov\u00e1, Z., Tran, D. (2019). Developing Computational Thinking in Pre-School Children. In 2019 17th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA), 210-215. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICETA48886.2019.9040113.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETA48886.2019.9040113"},{"key":"12153_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828568","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.828568","volume":"12","author":"MC Hsieh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsieh, M. C., Pan, H. C., Hsieh, S. W., Hsu, M. J., & Chou, S. W. (2022). Teaching the concept of computational thinking: A STEM-based program with tangible robots on project-based learning courses. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 828568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.828568","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"12153_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13106","volume":"52","author":"X Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, X., Chiu, M. M., Leung, W. M. V., & Yelland, N. (2021). Technology integration for young children during COVID-19: Towards future online teaching. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1513\u20131537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13106","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"12153_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11010025","volume":"11","author":"SY Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, S. Y., Tarng, W., & Ou, K. L. (2023). Effectiveness of AR board game on computational thinking and programming skills for elementary school students. Systems, 11(1), 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems11010025","journal-title":"Systems"},{"key":"12153_CR20","unstructured":"International Society for Technology in Education. (2016). ISTE standards for students. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.iste.org\/standards\/standards\/ for-students-2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"12153_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189x211057904","volume":"51","author":"YB Kafai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kafai, Y. B., & Proctor, C. (2022). A revaluation of computational thinking in K\u201312 education: Moving toward computational literacies. Educational Researcher, 51(2), 146\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0013189x211057904","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"2","key":"12153_CR22","first-page":"286","volume":"9","author":"H Kesdi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kesdi, H., & G\u00fcne\u015f, S. (2019). Tasar\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndaki Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 Uygulamalara Dair Bir De\u011ferlendirme: Ba\u011flam Ve Pratik Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131. Sanat ve Tasar\u0131m Dergisi, 9(2), 286\u2013313.","journal-title":"Sanat ve Tasar\u0131m Dergisi"},{"key":"12153_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.06.654","volume":"47","author":"M Kesim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kesim, M., & Ozarslan, Y. (2012). Augmented reality in education: current technologies and the potential for education. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 47, 297\u2013302.","journal-title":"Procedia-social and behavioral sciences"},{"key":"12153_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klopfenstein, L., Fedosyeyev, A., Bogliolo, A. (2017). Bringing an unplugged coding card game to augmented reality. Inted Proceedings, 9800-9805.","DOI":"10.21125\/inted.2017.2327"},{"key":"12153_CR25","volume-title":"Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research","author":"RA Krueger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2000). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.","edition":"3"},{"key":"12153_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45689","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2977679","volume":"8","author":"PH Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, P. H., & Chen, S. Y. (2020). Design and evaluation of a deep learning recommendation based augmented reality system for teaching programming and computational thinking. IEEE Access, 8, 45689\u201345699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.2977679","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"12153_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2020.101011","volume":"44","author":"SHS Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, S. H. S., Chien, S., Hsiao, C. T., Hsia, C. H., & Chao, K. (2020). Enhancing computational thinking capability of preschool children by game-based smart toys. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 44, 101011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.elerap.2020.101011","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"key":"12153_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malva, L., Hooshyar, D., Yang, Y., Pedaste, M. (2020, July). Engaging Estonian primary school children in computational thinking through adaptive educational games: A qualitative study. In 2020 IEEE 20th international conference on advanced learning technologies (ICALT), 188-190.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT49669.2020.00061"},{"key":"12153_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCormick, K. I., & Hall, J. A. (2022). Computational thinking learning experiences, outcomes, and research in preschool settings: a scoping review of literature. Education and Information Technologies, 1-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10765-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10765-z"},{"key":"12153_CR30","volume-title":"Research in Education: Evidence Based \u0130nquiry","author":"JH McMillan","year":"2010","unstructured":"McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in Education: Evidence Based \u0130nquiry (7th ed.). Kevin M. Davis.","edition":"7. Edition"},{"issue":"12","key":"12153_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci12120899","volume":"12","author":"\u00c1 Molina-Ayuso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Molina-Ayuso, \u00c1., Adamuz-Povedano, N., Bracho-L\u00f3pez, R., & Torralbo-Rodr\u00edguez, M. (2022). Introduction to computational thinking with scratch for teacher training for spanish primary school teachers in mathematics. Education Sciences, 12(12), 899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci12120899","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"key":"12153_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch028","volume-title":"Research Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom","author":"S Papadakis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papadakis, S. (2022). Apps to promote computational thinking concepts and coding skills in children of preschool and pre-primary school age. In Research Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom (pp. 610\u2013630). IGI Global."},{"issue":"4","key":"12153_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-020-09831-x","volume":"29","author":"E Relkin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Relkin, E., de Ruiter, L., & Bers, M. U. (2020). TechCheck: Development and validation of an unplugged assessment of computational thinking in early childhood education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(4), 482\u2013498.","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"key":"12153_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberto, R. A., Teichrieb, V. (2012, March). ARBlocks: A projective augmented reality platform for educational activities. In 2012 IEEE Virtual Reality Workshops (VRW), 175-176","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2012.6180937"},{"issue":"2","key":"12153_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17275\/per.23.26.10.2","volume":"10","author":"ND Saltal\u0131","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saltal\u0131, N. D., \u00d6zmutlu, E. B., Ergan, S. N., \u00d6zsoy, G., & Korkmaz, \u00d6. (2022). An evaluation of the effect of activity-based computational thinking education on teachers: a case study. Participatory. Educational Research, 10(2), 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17275\/per.23.26.10.2","journal-title":"Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"12153_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-019-00478-w","volume":"29","author":"A Saxena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saxena, A., Lo, C. K., Hew, K. F., & Wong, G. K. W. (2020). Designing unplugged and plugged activities to cultivate computational thinking: An exploratory study in early childhood education. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 29(1), 55\u201366.","journal-title":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher"},{"key":"12153_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schrier, K. (2006). Using augmented reality games to teach 21st-century skills. In ACM Siggraph 2006 Educators Program. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1179295.1179311","DOI":"10.1145\/1179295.1179311"},{"key":"12153_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva Esteves, A. M., Santana, A. L. M., Lyra, R. (2019). Use of augmented reality for computational thinking stimulation through virtual. In 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR), 102-106.","DOI":"10.1109\/SVR.2019.00031"},{"issue":"1","key":"12153_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.25082\/amler.2022.01.002","volume":"2","author":"E Skaraki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skaraki, E., & Kolokotronis, F. (2022). Preschool and early primary school age children learning of computational thinking through the use of asynchronous learning environments in the age of Covid-19. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 2(1), 180\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25082\/amler.2022.01.002","journal-title":"Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research"},{"key":"12153_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, J., & Yang, W. (2023). A systematic review of integrating computational thinking in early childhood education. Computers and Education Open, 100122.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2023.100122"},{"key":"12153_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan, A., Elkin, M., Bers, M. U. (2015). KIBO robot demo: Engaging young children in programming and engineering. In 14th international conference on interaction design and Children (pp. 418-421).","DOI":"10.1145\/2771839.2771868"},{"key":"12153_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, S., Lister, L., & Feiner, S. (2007). Visual hints for tangible gestures in augmented reality. In 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 47-50.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2007.4538824"},{"key":"12153_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, G. K., Jiang, S. (2018). Computational thinking education for children: Algorithmic thinking and debugging. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 328-334.","DOI":"10.1109\/TALE.2018.8615232"},{"key":"12153_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, W., Wang, L., & Liu, D. (2023). Augmented reality based language and math learning applications for preschool children education. 10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2726015\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2726015\/v1"},{"key":"12153_CR45","volume-title":"Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Y\u00f6ntemleri","author":"A Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, A., & \u015eim\u015fek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Y\u00f6ntemleri ((6. Bask\u0131). ed.). Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k.","edition":"(6. Bask\u0131)."},{"key":"12153_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Roque, R. (2018). A survey of computational kits for young children. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on interaction design and children, 289-299.","DOI":"10.1145\/3202185.3202738"},{"key":"12153_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaphiris, P., & Constantinou, P. (2007). Using participatory design in the development of a language learning tool. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 79-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17415650780000305","DOI":"10.1108\/17415650780000305"},{"key":"12153_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Yang, W., & Bautista, A. (2023). Computational thinking in early childhood education: Reviewing the literature and redeveloping the three-dimensional framework. Educational Research Review, 100520.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2023.100520"},{"key":"12153_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2022.104445","volume":"181","author":"L Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Liu, X., Wang, C., & Su, Y. S. (2022). Effect of different mind mapping approaches on primary school students\u2019 computational thinking skills during visual programming learning. Computers & Education, 181, 104445.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12153-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12153-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12153-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T12:15:51Z","timestamp":1715602551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12153-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["12153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12153-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The paper reflects the authors\u2019 own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner. We confirm that this paper is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"All of the participants in the research participated voluntarily. Prior to the start of the research, all the participants signed a consent to participate in the research. All the participants in the research are guaranteed privacy and anonymity.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent statement"}},{"value":"The authors declares no competing interest","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest statement"}}]}}