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We therefore developed and validated a simulation-based CPS model that exploits its constructs, sequences, and causal relationships, and evaluating its effectiveness on students\u2019 problem-solving. Over the span of a two-week physics science course, 57 ninth-grade students were recruited from two intact middle school classes to engage in this online simulation-based collaborative problem-solving (CPS) program. This program consisted of nine electrochemistry problem-solving lessons spread across four class sessions, each lasting 45\u00a0min. Results indicated that the simulation-based CPS model was validated and proven to contribute to effective problem-solving by linking PS solution proposing, peer communication, implementing PS solutions with simulation, and providing evidence-based explanations. The simulation-based CPS model successfully improved the performance of both high- and low-achieving students. With the support and presence of high-achievers, low-achievers\u2019 collaboration attitude was boosted, which lead them to achieve similar learning success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12609-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T08:03:05Z","timestamp":1710748985000},"page":"19141-19162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effects of online simulation-based collaborative problem-solving on students\u2019 problem-solving, communication and collaboration attitudes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Meng-Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5316-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao-Ching","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pei-Yi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"12609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-013-9482-4","volume":"23","author":"E Akp\u0131nar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akp\u0131nar, E. 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