{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:26:16Z","timestamp":1758273976958,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Province-Ministry Co-constructing Teacher Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Northeast Normal University","award":["No. CITE20200102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. CITE20200102"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019073","name":"Industrial Innovation Funds of Jilin Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2019C033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019C033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2022 Humanities and Social Science Research Planning Foundation of the Ministry of Education","award":["No. 22YJA880007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22YJA880007"]}]},{"name":"High-level Talent Foundation Project of Harbin Normal University","award":["No. 1305124219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1305124219"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12985-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T11:02:26Z","timestamp":1724670146000},"page":"4013-4031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of students\u2019 deep learning in virtual venue environment: a meta-analysis based on 45 experiments and quasi-experiments at home and abroad"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4130-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"12985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3","volume":"1","author":"C Bartneck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartneck, C., Kuli\u0107, D., Croft, E., & Zoghbi, S. (2009). Measurement instruments for the anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety of robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 1, 71\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Robotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"12985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/096392897331587","volume":"6","author":"IV Beattie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beattie, I. V., Collins, V., B., & McInnes, B. (1997). Deep and surface learning: A simple or simplistic dichotomy? Accounting Education, 6(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/096392897331587","journal-title":"Accounting Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"12985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2021.11.001","volume":"4","author":"Y Bian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bian, Y., & Zhou, C. (2022). Motivation effect of animated pedagogical agent\u2019s personality and feedback strategy types on learning in virtual training environment. Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, 4(2), 153\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vrih.2021.11.001","journal-title":"Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware"},{"issue":"2","key":"12985_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5206\/cjsotl-rcacea.2020.2.7978","volume":"11","author":"H Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull, H., Premkumar, K., & Acharibasam, J. W. (2020). Using an innovative intervention to promote active learning in an introductory microbiology course. Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5206\/cjsotl-rcacea.2020.2.7978","journal-title":"Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning"},{"issue":"8","key":"12985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.1979049","volume":"31","author":"CC Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang, C. C., & Hwang, G. J. (2023). An experiential learning-based virtual reality approach to fostering problem-resolving competence in professional training. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(8), 4713\u20134728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2021.1979049","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"12985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Z., & Guo, J. (2020). Multi module integration method of students\u2019 habitual learning mode based on deep learning. In S. Liu, G. Sun, & W. Fu (Eds.), e-Learning, e-Education, and Online Training. eLEOT 2020 (Vol. 339). Springer. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineeringhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63952-5_22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63952-5_22"},{"key":"12985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00526","volume":"11","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, X., He, M., Dan, T., Wang, N., Lin, M., Zhang, L., Xian, J., Cai, H., & Xie, H. (2020). Automatic measurements of fetal lateral ventricles in 2D ultrasound images using deep learning. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00526","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"12985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2022.100452","volume":"36","author":"M Coban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coban, M., Bolat, Y. I., & Goksu, I. (2022). The potential of immersive virtual reality to enhance learning: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 36, 100452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2022.100452","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"12985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/0273475308317707","volume":"30","author":"N Diamond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diamond, N., Koernig, S. K., & Iqbal, Z. (2008). Uniting active and deep learning to teach problem-solving skills: Strategic tools and the learning spiral. Journal of Marketing Education, 30(2), 116\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0273475308317707","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Education"},{"key":"12985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100379","volume":"40","author":"S Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong, S., Wang, P., & Abbas, K. (2021). A survey on deep learning and its applications. Computer Science Review, 40, 100379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100379","journal-title":"Computer Science Review"},{"issue":"18","key":"12985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2099399","volume":"39","author":"S Hamza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamza, S., Mohtar, M., Ghazali, E., Rauschnabel, P. A., & Geipel, A. (2023). Virtual reality in museums: Does it promote visitor enjoyment and learning? International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction, 39(18), 3586\u20133603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2022.2099399","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"8","key":"12985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22129","volume":"34","author":"SU Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan, S. U., Waheed, H., Aljohani, N. R., Ali, M., Ventura, S., & Herrera, F. (2019). Virtual learning environment to predict withdrawal by leveraging deep learning. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 34(8), 1935\u20131952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/int.22129","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"12985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.08.187","volume":"81","author":"N Khosravi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khosravi, N., Stoner, L., Farajivafa, V., & Hanson, E. D. (2019). Exercise training, circulating cytokine levels and immune function in cancer survivors: A meta-analysis. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 81, 92\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.08.187","journal-title":"Brain Behavior and Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"12985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e07309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07309","volume":"7","author":"P Kwangmuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwangmuang, P., Jarutkamolpong, S., Sangboonraung, W., & Daungtod, S. (2021). The development of learning innovation to enhance higher order thinking skills for students in Thailand junior high schools. Heliyon, 7(6), e07309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07309","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"12985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764121","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.764121","volume":"13","author":"CY Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, C. Y., & Zhang, X. H. (2022). Research on the influencing factors of problem-driven children\u2019s deep learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 764121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.764121","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"12985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-8097.2017.04.002","volume":"27","author":"Z Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, Z., & Hao, X. (2017). Research on evaluation model of deep learning. Modern Educational Technology, 27(4), 12\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-8097.2017.04.002","journal-title":"Modern Educational Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"12985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.13811\/j.cnki.eer.2022.08.010","volume":"43","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Liu, C., & Xu, B. (2022). Study on the influence mechanism of plan-regulated learning scaffolding on online deep learning. Audio-visual Education Research, 43(8), 77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13811\/j.cnki.eer.2022.08.010","journal-title":"Audio-visual Education Research"},{"key":"12985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Liu, J., Yu, F., & Liu, C. (2023). The action mechanism of monitoring-regulated learning scaffolds to influence deep learning. Modern Educational Technology, 2023, 33(1), 49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-8097.2023.01.005","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-8097.2023.01.005"},{"key":"12985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15345","DOI":"10.3390\/su142215345","volume":"14","author":"J Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, J., Chen, X., Wang, X., Zhong, R., & Wang, H. (2022). Research on the influence of socially regulated learning on online collaborative knowledge building in the post COVID-19 period. Sustainability, 14, 15345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su142215345","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"12985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stueduc.2023.101286","volume":"78","author":"X Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, X., Xie, Y., & Wang, H. (2023). Research on the construction and application of teacher-student interaction evaluation system for smart classroom in the post COVID-19. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 78, 101286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stueduc.2023.101286","journal-title":"Studies in Educational Evaluation"},{"key":"12985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12733-9","author":"X Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, X., Xie, Y., Yang, X., Wang, H., & Lu, J. (2024a). Structural model construction and analysis for teacher-student interaction in smart classroom based on the development of higher-order thinking. Education and Information Technologies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12733-9","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"12985_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12487-4","author":"X Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, X., Xie, Y., Yang, X., Wang, H., Li, Z., & Lu, J. (2024b). Teacher-student interaction modes in smart classroom based on lag sequential analysis. Education and Information Technologies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12487-4","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"12985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn, M. J., Mart\u00edn, F., & Cano, M. J. (2021). Creation of a virtual museum as a learning tool in the teaching of the Manufacturing Engineering subject. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1193, No. 1, p. 012131). IOP Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/1193\/1\/012131","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/1193\/1\/012131"},{"issue":"1","key":"12985_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5278\/ojs.jpblhe.v7i1.3341","volume":"7","author":"K Miner-Romanoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miner-Romanoff, K., Rae, A., & Zakrzewski, C. E. (2019). A holistic and multifaceted model for Ill-structured Experiential Problem-based learning: Enhancing student critical thinking and communication skills. Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, 7(1), 70\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5278\/ojs.jpblhe.v7i1.3341","journal-title":"Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"12985_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.4704","volume":"35","author":"A Pakdaman-Savoji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pakdaman-Savoji, A., Nesbit, J., & Gajdamaschko, N. (2019). The conceptualisation of cognitive tools in learning and technology: A review. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(2), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/ajet.4704","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"12985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010","volume":"61","author":"J Peters","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peters, J., Sutton, A. J., Jones, D. R., Abrams, K. R., & Rushton, L. (2008). Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61, 991\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"12985_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/095935439909500","volume":"9","author":"T Ten Berge","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ten Berge, T., & Van Hezewijk, R. (1999). Procedural and declarative knowledge: An evolutionary perspective. Theory & Psychology, 9(5), 605\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095935439909500","journal-title":"Theory & Psychology"},{"key":"12985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13761","volume":"26","author":"EM Van der Willik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van der Willik, E. M., van Zwet, E. W., Hoekstra, T., van Ittersum, F. J., Hemmelder, M. H., Zoccali, C., Jager, K., Dekker, F. W., & Meuleman, Y. (2021). Funnel plots of patient-reported outcomes to evaluate health-care quality: Basic principles, pitfalls and considerations. Nephrology, 26, 95\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.13761","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"12985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.02.006","volume":"134","author":"S Van Ginkel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Ginkel, S., Gulikers, J., Biemans, H., Noroozi, O., Roozen, M., Bos, T., van Tilborg, R., van Halteren, M., & Mulder, M. (2019). Fostering oral presentation competence through a virtual reality-based task for delivering feedback. Computers & Education, 134, 78\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.02.006","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"C","key":"12985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.01.003","volume":"48","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, J., Ma, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, R. X., & Wu, D. (2018). Deep learning for smart manufacturing: Methods and applications. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 48(C), 144\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.01.003","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"12985_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/su16010181","volume":"16","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, X., Wang, X., Huang, T., Liu, L., Chen, X., Yang, X., Lu, J., & Wang, H. (2024). Relationship between the latent profile of online socially regulated learning and collaborative learning motivation. Sustainability, 16, 181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su16010181","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"12985_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-022-09789-4","volume":"33","author":"C Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng, C., Chen, C., & Ai, X. (2023). A pedagogical study on promoting students\u2019 deep learning through design-based learning. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 33(4), 1653\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10798-022-09789-4","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology and Design Education"},{"key":"12985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.024","volume":"62","author":"HK Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, H. K., Lee, S. W. Y., Chang, H. Y., & Liang, J. C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers & Education, 62, 41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.024","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"12985_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081372","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1081372","volume":"13","author":"H Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, H., Cai, M., Diao, Y., Liu, R., Liu, L., & Xiang, Q. (2023). How does interactive virtual reality enhance learning outcomes via emotional experiences? A structural equation modeling approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1081372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1081372","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12985-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12985-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12985-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T08:17:31Z","timestamp":1740817051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12985-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["12985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12985-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1360-2357"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7608"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of competing interest"}}]}}