{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:07:39Z","timestamp":1771052859723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018822","name":"Western Sydney University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>While the pandemic highlighted the critical role technology plays in children\u2019s lives, not all Australian children have reliable access to technology. This situation exacerbates educational disadvantage for children who are already amongst the nation\u2019s most vulnerable. In this research, we carried out a project with three schools in Western Australia, conducting workshops, interviews and surveys with students, parents, and school staff from which we identified key barriers and enablers for digitally inclusive online learning at individual, interpersonal, organizational, and infrastructural levels. Our findings showed that language, credit rating, housing security, quality and affordability of infrastructural provisioning and teacher and family digital literacy all could act as barriers. Alongside provision of connectivity and devices, we successfully piloted a school-based Digital Inclusion Studio workshop to address aspects of this wider socio-ecology of digital inclusion. We conclude with recommendations for cultivating digital inclusion for learning at various levels: in the home, classroom and at the point of digital service provision and regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-13012-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T11:09:18Z","timestamp":1726052958000},"page":"5301-5330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inclusive online learning in Australia: Barriers and enablers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5840-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Marsden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1018-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Munn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8592-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Ferrinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Justin","family":"St. Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4437-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Third","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"13012_CR1","unstructured":"ADII (2023). The ADII. Australian Digital Inclusion Index. https:\/\/www.digitalinclusionindex.org.au\/the-adii\/. Accessed 05\/07\/2023."},{"key":"13012_CR2","unstructured":"AITSL (2023). Evaluating the evidence for educational technology - Part 1. https:\/\/www.aitsl.edu.au\/research\/spotlights\/evaluating-the-evidence-for-educational-technology-part-1-the-technologies. Accessed 16 Apr 2024."},{"key":"13012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2023.102842","volume":"102","author":"A Alejo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alejo, A., Jenkins, R., Reuge, N., & Yao, H. (2023). Understanding and addressing the post-pandemic learning disparities. International Journal of Educational Development, 102, 102842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2023.102842","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Development"},{"key":"13012_CR4","unstructured":"Armitage, J., & Loukomitis, S. (2020). Remote and flexible learning qualitative research. Victorian State Government. https:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/Documents\/about\/department\/covid-19\/remote-and-flexible-learning-qualitative-research.pdf. Accessed 29 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR5","unstructured":"Armour, D., Blackmore, H., Brown, N., Clinton, J., Geelan, D., Martin, A., Miller, J., Mulcahy, M., Prestridge, S., & Selwyn, N. (2020). Differential learning outcomes for online versus in-class education. Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia). https:\/\/apo.org.au\/node\/303772. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR6","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2017). Census of population and housing: Reflecting Australia\u2013Stories from the Census, 2016. https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/websitedbs\/D3310114.nsf\/home\/home?opendocument. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"13012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/14733285.2021.1902943","volume":"20","author":"S Bessell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bessell, S. (2022). The impacts of COVID-19 on children in Australia: Deepening poverty and inequality. Children\u2019s Geographies, 20(4), 448\u2013458.","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Geographies"},{"key":"13012_CR8","unstructured":"Bocconi, S., & Lightfoot, M. (2021). Scaling up and integrating the Selfie tool for schools\u2019 digital capacity in education and training systems: Methodology and lessons learnt. European Training Foundation. https:\/\/www.etf.europa.eu\/en\/publications-and-resources\/publications\/scaling-and-integrating-selfie-tool-schools-digital. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2020.1841180","volume":"36","author":"M B\u00f6rnert-Ringleb","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00f6rnert-Ringleb, M., Casale, G., & Hillenbrand, C. (2021). What predicts teachers\u2019 use of digital learning in Germany? Examining the obstacles and conditions of digital learning in special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(1), 80\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08856257.2020.1841180","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education"},{"key":"13012_CR10","unstructured":"Bowyer, G., Grant, A., & Nielsen, A. (2021). Closing the digital divide for good. UNICEF UK and Carnegie UK Trust. https:\/\/carnegieuktrust.org.uk\/publications\/closing-the-digital-divide\/. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"7","key":"13012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513","volume":"32","author":"U Bronfenbrenner","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"13012_CR12","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues","author":"U Bronfenbrenner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989). Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues (pp. 187\u2013249). Jessica Kingsley."},{"key":"13012_CR13","volume-title":"Child development: A thematic approach","author":"D Bukatko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bukatko, D., & Daehler, M. (2012). Child development: A thematic approach (6th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.","edition":"6"},{"issue":"3","key":"13012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2022.2062515","volume":"33","author":"A Cheshmehzangi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheshmehzangi, A., Zou, T., Su, Z., & Tang, T. (2023). The growing digital divide in education among primary and secondary children during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of social exclusion and education equality issues. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 33(3), 434\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10911359.2022.2062515","journal-title":"Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment"},{"key":"13012_CR15","volume-title":"Supporting vulnerable children in the face of a pandemic","author":"J Clinton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clinton, J. (2020). Supporting vulnerable children in the face of a pandemic. University of Melbourne. https:\/\/apo.org.au\/node\/303563. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR16","unstructured":"Data#3 & Aruba (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on ICT within Australian Schools. https:\/\/www.data3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/National-Education-Report.pdf. Accessed 16 Apr 2024."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"13012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S348","DOI":"10.1080\/14616696.2021.1917289","volume":"23","author":"H Dietrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dietrich, H., Patzina, A., & Lerche, A. (2021). Social inequality in the homeschooling efforts of German high school students during a school closing period. European Societies, 23(sup1), S348\u2013S369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14616696.2021.1917289","journal-title":"European Societies"},{"key":"13012_CR18","unstructured":"Dorn, E., Hancock, B., Sarakatsannis, J., & Viruleg, E. (2020). COVID-19 and student learning in the United States: The hurt could last a lifetime. McKinsey & Company. https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/McKinsey\/Industries\/Public%20and%20Social%20Sector\/Our%20Insights\/COVID-19%20and%20student%20learning%20in%20the%20United%20States%20The%20hurt%20could%20last%20a%20lifetime\/COVID-19-and-student-learning-in-the-United-States-FINAL.pdf. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR19","unstructured":"Drane, C., Vernon, L., & O\u2019Shea, S. (2020). The impact of \u2018learning at home\u2019 on the educational outcomes of vulnerable children in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education, Curtin University. https:\/\/www.ncsehe.edu.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/NCSEHE_V2_Final_literaturereview-learningathome-covid19-final_30042020.pdf. Accessed 2\/06\/2023."},{"key":"13012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101635","volume":"52","author":"MR Dvorsky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dvorsky, M. R., Shroff, D., Bonds, W. B. L., Steinberg, A., Breaux, R., & Becker, S. P. (2023). Impacts of COVID-19 on the school experience of children and adolescents with special educational needs and disabilities. Current Opinion in Psychology, 52, 101635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101635","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947014","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2021.1947014","volume":"8","author":"A \u00c9mon","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c9mon, A., Greene, J., & Timonen, V. (2021). Generation Covid: Experiences of the coronavirus pandemic among secondary school graduates of 2020 in Ireland. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1947014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2331186X.2021.1947014","journal-title":"Cogent Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"13012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/10946705221140148","volume":"26","author":"RP Fisk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fisk, R. P., Gallan, A. S., Joubert, A. M., Beekhuyzen, J., Cheung, L., & Russell-Bennett, R. (2023). Healing the Digital divide with digital inclusion: Enabling human capabilities. Journal of Service Research, 26(4), 542\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10946705221140148","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"key":"13012_CR23","unstructured":"Flack, C. B., Walker, L., Bickerstaff, A., Earle, H., & Margetts, C. (2020). Educator perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on teaching and learning in Australia and New Zealand. Pivot Professional Learning. https:\/\/www.pivotpl.com\/_files\/ugd\/dba1fc_0378ea9c7aff469a9491db86002107e7.pdf. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101643","volume":"52","author":"KA Gee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gee, K. A., Asmundson, V., & Vang, T. (2023). Educational impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: Inequities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Current Opinion in Psychology, 52, 101643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101643","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"13012_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101632","volume":"52","author":"AR Golden","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golden, A. R., Srisarajivakul, E. N., Hasselle, A. J., Pfund, R. A., & Knox, J. (2023). What was a gap is now a chasm: Remote schooling, the digital divide, and educational inequities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Opinion in Psychology, 52, 101632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101632","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"13012_CR26","volume-title":"Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on NSW Schools: 2020 Report to the NSW Department of Education","author":"J Gore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gore, J., Fray, L., Miller, D., Harris, J., & Taggart, W. (2020). Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on NSW schools: 2020 report to the NSW Department of Education. Teachers and Teaching Research Centre."},{"key":"13012_CR27","unstructured":"Graham, A., & Sahlberg, P. (2020). Growing up Digital Australia: Phase 1 technical report. Gonski Institute for Education, UNSW Sydney. https:\/\/www.gie.unsw.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/UNSW%20GIE%20GUD%20Phase%201%20Technical%20Report%20MAR20%20v2.pdf. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.11.015","volume":"63","author":"OE Hatlevik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hatlevik, O. E., & Christophersen, K. A. (2013). Digital competence at the beginning of upper secondary school: Identifying factors explaining digital inclusion. Computers & Education, 63, 240\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.11.015","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"13012_CR29","unstructured":"Heffernan, A., Magyar, B., Bright, D., & Longmuir, F. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on perceptions of Australian schooling: Research brief. Monash University. https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/education\/research\/downloads\/Impact-of-covid19-on-perceptions-of-Australian-schooling.pdf. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR30","first-page":"144","volume-title":"World Wide Internet: Changing societies, economies and cultures","author":"EJ Helsper","year":"2009","unstructured":"Helsper, E. J., & Gal\u00e1cz, A. (2009). Understanding the links between social and digital exclusion in Europe. In G. Cardoso, A. Cheong, & J. Cole (Eds.), World wide internet: Changing societies, economies and cultures (pp. 144\u2013176). University of Macau."},{"key":"13012_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11092-020-09322-y","volume":"32","author":"SG Huber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huber, S. G., & Helm, C. (2020). COVID-19 and schooling: Evaluation, assessment and accountability in times of crises\u2014reacting quickly to explore key issues for policy, practice and research with the School Barometer. Educational Assessment Evaluation and Accountability, 32, 237\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11092-020-09322-y","journal-title":"Educational Assessment Evaluation and Accountability"},{"key":"13012_CR32","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. (2021). \u2018Years don\u2019t wait for them\u2019: Increased inequality in children\u2019s right to education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2021\/05\/17\/years-dont-wait-them\/increased-inequalities-childrens-right-education-due-covid. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR33","unstructured":"Ingram, G. (2021). Bridging the global digital divide: A platform to advance digital development in low-and middle-income countries. Center for Sustainable Development, Brookings Institution. https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/bridging-the-global-digital-divide-a-platform-to-advance-digital-development-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdec.2024.01.003","volume":"2","author":"N Jahan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jahan, N., & Zhou, Y. (2023). Covid-19 and digital inclusion: Impact on employment. Journal of Digital Economy, 2, 190\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdec.2024.01.003","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Economy"},{"key":"13012_CR35","unstructured":"Jensen, B., Murnane, N., & Button, J. (2020). The experience of remote and flexible learning in Victoria. Learning First. https:\/\/learningfirst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Remote-and-Flexible-Learning-LF-Final-report-Sep.pdf. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"13012_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00908-5","volume":"22","author":"MT Kaarakainen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaarakainen, M. T., & Saikkonen, L. (2023). Remark on digital accessibility: Educational disparities define digital inclusion from adolescence onwards. Universal Access in the Information Society, 22(4), 1279\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00908-5","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"key":"13012_CR37","unstructured":"Lamb, S., Huo, S., Walstab, A., Wade, A., Maire, Q., Doecke, E., Jackson, J., & Endekov, Z. (2020). Educational opportunity in Australia 2020: Who succeeds and who misses out. Mitchell Institute, Victoria University. https:\/\/apo.org.au\/node\/309141. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"9","key":"13012_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01826-0","volume":"31","author":"SH Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, S. H., Beames, J. R., Newby, J. M., Maston, K., Christensen, H., & Werner-Seidler, A. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(9), 1465\u20131477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01826-0","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"13012_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/20436106221102617","volume":"13","author":"E Livingston","year":"2023","unstructured":"Livingston, E., Houston, E., Carradine, J., Fallon, B., Akmeemana, C., Nizam, M., & McNab, A. (2023). Global student perspectives on digital inclusion in education during COVID-19. Global Studies of Childhood, 13(4), 341\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20436106221102617","journal-title":"Global Studies of Childhood"},{"key":"13012_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Livingstone, S., & Third, A. (2017). Children and young people\u2019s rights in the digital age: An emerging agenda. New Media and Society, 19(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816686318","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816686318"},{"key":"13012_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121359","volume":"175","author":"S Lythreatis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lythreatis, S., Singh, S. K., & El-Kassar, A. N. (2022). The digital divide: A review and future research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121359.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2020.1841180","volume":"36","author":"EN M\u00e6lan","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00e6lan, E. N., Gustavsen, A. M., Stranger-Johannessen, E., & Nordahl, T. (2021). Norwegian students\u2019 experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(1), 5\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08856257.2020.1841180","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"13012_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1543441","volume":"23","author":"L Magee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magee, L., Kearney, E., Bellerose, D., Collin, P., Crabtree, L., Humphry, J., James, P., & Wilson, C. K. (2020). Addressing a volatile subject: Adaptive measurement of Australian digital capacities. Information Communication & Society, 23(7), 998\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1543441","journal-title":"Information Communication & Society"},{"key":"13012_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2020.09.013","volume":"80","author":"A Marshall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marshall, A., Dezuanni, M., Burgess, J., Thomas, J., & Wilson, C. K. (2020). Australian farmers left behind in the digital economy\u2013insights from the Australian digital inclusion index. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 195\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2020.09.013","journal-title":"Journal of Rural Studies"},{"issue":"12","key":"13012_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118x.2023.2230262","volume":"26","author":"A Marshall","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marshall, A., Osman, K., Rogers, J., Pham, T., & Babacan, H. (2023). Connecting in the Gulf: Exploring digital inclusion for indigenous families on Mornington Island. Information Communication & Society, 26(12), 2376\u20132397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118x.2023.2230262","journal-title":"Information Communication & Society"},{"key":"13012_CR46","unstructured":"Masters, G. N., Taylor-Guy, P., Fraillon, J., & Chase, A. M. (2020). Ministerial briefing paper on evidence of the likely impact on educational outcomes of vulnerable children learning at home during COVID-19. Australian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employment. https:\/\/research.acer.edu.au\/learning_processes\/24\/. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191995","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2023.1191995","volume":"8","author":"P M\u00e9ndez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Dom\u00ednguez, P., Mu\u00f1oz, D. C., D\u00edez, E. R., & Mesa, J. C. D. (2023). Digital inclusion for social inclusion. Case study on digital literacy. Frontiers in Communication, 8, 1191995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomm.2023.1191995","journal-title":"Frontiers in Communication"},{"key":"13012_CR48","unstructured":"New Zealand Government (2019). The digital inclusion blueprint. Department of Internal Affairs. https:\/\/www.digital.govt.nz\/digital-government\/programmes-and-projects\/digital-inclusion\/governments-v. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"13012_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s13384-013-0139-3","volume":"41","author":"CP Newhouse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Newhouse, C. P. (2014). Learning with portable digital devices in Australian schools: 20 years on! The Australian Educational Researcher, 41(4), 471\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13384-013-0139-3","journal-title":"The Australian Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-022-00257-5","volume":"11","author":"LAT Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen, L. A. T., & Hab\u00f3k, A. (2024). Tools for assessing teacher digital literacy: A review. Journal of Computers in Education, 11(1), 305\u2013346.","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Education"},{"key":"13012_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Owens, M., Ravi, V., & Hunter, E. (2023). Digital inclusion as a lens for equitable parent engagement. TechTrends, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-023-00859-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-023-00859-5"},{"key":"13012_CR52","unstructured":"Parliamentary Secretary for Schools. (2020). Lessons learned from COVID-19. Victorian State Government. https:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/Documents\/about\/department\/covid-19\/lessons-learned-from-covid19.pdf. Accessed 29 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patrick, P. M., & Pamflett, S. (2024). Adolescents\u2019 school experiences: Understanding the needs of young people post COVID-19, 28 March 2024, Preprint (version 1). Available at Research Square https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4140647\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4140647\/v1"},{"key":"13012_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pavez, I., Correa, T., & Far\u00edas, C. (2023). The power of emotions: The Ethics of Care in the Digital inclusion processes of marginalized communities. Social Inclusion, 11(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17645\/si.v11i3.6623","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v11i3.6623"},{"key":"13012_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peters, M. A., Jackson, L., Papastephanou, M., Jandri\u0107, P., Lazaroiu, G., Evers, C. W., & Fuller, S. (2023). AI and the future of humanity: ChatGPT-4, philosophy and education\u2013critical responses. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00131857.2023.2213437","DOI":"10.1080\/00131857.2023.2213437"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2020.1841182","volume":"36","author":"M Pozas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pozas, M., Letzel, V., & Schneider, C. (2021). Homeschooling in times of Corona\u2019: Exploring Mexican and German primary school students\u2019 and parents\u2019 chances and challenges during homeschooling. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(1), 35\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08856257.2020.1841182","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education"},{"key":"13012_CR57","volume-title":"Digital inclusion for all public school students","author":"B Preston","year":"2020","unstructured":"Preston, B. (2020). Digital inclusion for all public school students. Barbara Preston Research. http:\/\/www.barbaraprestonresearch.com.au\/social_justice.html. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"13012_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000660","volume":"75","author":"H Prime","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000660","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"13012_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818796617","volume":"22","author":"M Ragnedda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ragnedda, M., Ruiu, M. L., & Addeo, F. (2020). Measuring digital capital: An empirical investigation. New Media & Society, 22(5), 793\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444818796617","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"13012_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474746421000427","volume":"22","author":"G Ramia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramia, G., & Perrone, L. (2023). Crisis management, policy reform, and institutions: The social policy response to COVID-19 in Australia. Social Policy and Society, 22(3), 562\u2013576.","journal-title":"Social Policy and Society"},{"key":"13012_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.029","volume":"121","author":"A Serrano-Santoyo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serrano-Santoyo, A., & Rojas-Mendizabal, V. (2017). Exploring a complexity framework for digital inclusion interventions. Procedia Computer Science, 121, 212\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.029","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00413-8","volume":"4","author":"CJ Sieck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sieck, C. J., Sheon, A., Ancker, J. S., Castek, J., Callahan, B., & Siefer, A. (2021). Digital inclusion as a social determinant of health. NPJ Digital Medicine, 4(1), 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-021-00413-8","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"13012_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1108\/IJILT-04-2020-0025","volume":"37","author":"S Stenman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stenman, S., & Pettersson, F. (2020). Remote teaching for equal and inclusive education in rural areas? An analysis of teachers\u2019 perspectives on remote teaching. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 37(3), 87\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJILT-04-2020-0025","journal-title":"The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"13012_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/2043610616676035","volume":"6","author":"M Stoilova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stoilova, M., Livingstone, S., & Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2016). Global kids online: Researching children\u2019s rights globally in the digital age. Global Studies of Childhood, 6(4), 455\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2043610616676035","journal-title":"Global Studies of Childhood"},{"issue":"5","key":"13012_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816686321","volume":"19","author":"T Swist","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swist, T., & Collin, P. (2017). Platforms, data and children\u2019s rights: Introducing a \u2018networked capability approach\u2019. New Media & Society, 19(5), 671\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816686321","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10671-022-09319-y","volume":"22","author":"KHD Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang, K. H. D. (2023). Impacts of COVID-19 on primary, secondary and tertiary education: A comprehensive review and recommendations for educational practices. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 22(1), 23\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10671-022-09319-y","journal-title":"Educational Research for Policy and Practice"},{"key":"13012_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-57369-8","author":"A Third","year":"2019","unstructured":"Third, A., Collin, P., Walsh, L., & Black, R. (2019). Young people in digital society: Control shift. Springer Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-137-57369-8","journal-title":"Springer Nature"},{"key":"13012_CR68","volume-title":"Measuring Australia\u2019s digital divide: The Australian digital inclusion index 2020","author":"J Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas, J., Barraket, J., Wilson, C. K., Holcombe-James, I., Kennedy, J., Rennie, E., Ewing, S., & MacDonald, T. (2020). Measuring Australia\u2019s digital divide: The Australian digital inclusion index 2020. RMIT and Swinburne University of Technology. https:\/\/www.digitalinclusionindex.org.au\/download-reports\/. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR69","unstructured":"United Nations. (2020). Policy brief: Education during COVID-19 and beyond. United Nations Sustainable Development Group. https:\/\/unsdg.un.org\/resources\/policy-brief-education-during-covid-19-and-beyond. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR70","unstructured":"van der Vlies, R. (2020). Digital strategies in education across OECD countries: Exploring education policies on digital technologies. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 226. OECD Publishing. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/digital-strategies-in-education-across-oecd-countries-33dd4c26-en.htm. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR71","unstructured":"Vukovic, R., & Russell, D. (2023, March 8). ChatGPT: Education assessment, equity and policy. Teacher Magazine. https:\/\/www.teachermagazine.com\/au_en\/articles\/chatgpt-education-assessment-equity-and-policy. Accessed 05\/07\/2023."},{"key":"13012_CR72","unstructured":"Wade, A., Walstab, A., Doecke, E., & Tham, M. (2022). Review of remote and online learning experiences during COVID-19. \u2013 Final report. https:\/\/vuir.vu.edu.au\/45572\/1\/review-remote-online-learning-aa-ff.pdf"},{"issue":"7","key":"13012_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1108\/itp-01-2020-0047","volume":"35","author":"S Wagg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagg, S., & Simeonova, B. (2022). A policy-level perspective to tackle rural digital inclusion. Information Technology & People, 35(7), 1884\u20131911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/itp-01-2020-0047","journal-title":"Information Technology & People"},{"issue":"1","key":"13012_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s13384-019-00326-2","volume":"47","author":"N Wood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wood, N., Beavis, C., Cloonan, A., Hutchison, K., Pangrazio, L., & Sefton-Green, J. (2020). Teacher learning and the everyday digital. The Australian Educational Researcher, 47(1), 183\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13384-019-00326-2","journal-title":"The Australian Educational Researcher"},{"key":"13012_CR75","unstructured":"Zelezny-Green, R., Vosloo, S., & Conole, G. (2018). Digital inclusion for low-skilled and low-literate people: A landscape review. UNESCO. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000261791. Accessed 22 Jun 2023."},{"key":"13012_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., & Wasie, S. (2023, September). Educational technology in the post-pandemic era: Current progress, potential, and challenges. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers (pp. 40\u201346). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3629296.3629303","DOI":"10.1145\/3629296.3629303"},{"key":"13012_CR77","unstructured":"Ziebell, N., Acquaro, D., Seah, W. T., & Pearn, C. (2020). Australian Education Survey: Examining the impact of COVID-19 Report Summary\u00a0(pp. 14)."}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13012-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13012-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13012-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T20:20:51Z","timestamp":1742070051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13012-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["13012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13012-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interests\/Competing interests"}}]}}