{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:57:57Z","timestamp":1781643477793,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seoul Education Research and Informaion Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-13097-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T08:24:56Z","timestamp":1731313496000},"page":"1013-1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Developing an AI literacy diagnostic tool for elementary school students"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3461-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimin","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soohwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonju","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seongyune","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeoncheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"13097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.12.017","volume":"84","author":"K Aesaert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aesaert, K., & van Braak, J. (2015). Gender and socioeconomic related differences in performance based ICT competences. Computers & Education, 84, 8\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.12.017","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"13097_CR2","unstructured":"AI4K12. (2020a). Big Idea 1 \u2013 Perception. Retrieved from https:\/\/ai4k12.org\/big-idea-1-overview\/.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR3","unstructured":"AI4K12. (2020b). Big Idea 3 \u2013 Learning. Retrieved from https:\/\/ai4k12.org\/big-idea-3-overview\/.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR4","unstructured":"AI4K12. (2021). Big Idea 2 \u2013 Representation & Reasoning. Retrieved from https:\/\/ai4k12.org\/big-idea-2-overview\/.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR5","unstructured":"AI4K12. (2022a). Big Idea 4 \u2013 Natural Interaction. Retrieved from https:\/\/ai4k12.org\/big-idea-4-natural-interaction\/.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR6","unstructured":"AI4K12. (2022b). Big Idea 5 \u2013 Societal Impact. Retrieved from https:\/\/ai4k12.org\/big-idea-5-societal-impact\/.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR7","unstructured":"Ali, S. A., Payne, B. H., Williams, R., Park, H. W., & Breazeal, C. (2019). Constructionism, ethics, and creativity: Developing primary and middle school artificial intelligence education. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Education in Artificial Intelligence (EDUAI), Palo Alto, CA, USA."},{"key":"13097_CR8","unstructured":"Arm, Ltd. (2019). AI Today, AI Tomorrow | Global AI Survey Results \u2013 Arm. https:\/\/www.arm.com\/solutions\/artificial-intelligence.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.04.005","volume":"144","author":"UA Betz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Betz, U. A., Betz, F., Kim, R., Monks, B., & Phillips, F. (2019). Surveying the future of science, technology and business\u2013A 35 year perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 137\u2013147.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"13097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burgsteiner, H., Kandlhofer, M., & Steinbauer, G. (2016). IRobot: Teaching the basics of artificial intelligence in high schools. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 30(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.9864","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.9864"},{"issue":"1","key":"13097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205395171562251","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951715622512","volume":"3","author":"J Burrell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burrell, J. (2016). How the machine \u2018thinks\u2019: Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms. Big Data & Society, 3(1), 205395171562251.","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"13097_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-023-00418-7","volume":"10","author":"L Casal-Otero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Casal-Otero, L., Catala, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Morante, C., Taboada, M., Cebreiro, B., & Barro, S. (2023). AI literacy in K-12: A systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 29.","journal-title":"International Journal of STEM Education"},{"key":"13097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2021.3138503","volume":"71","author":"D Cetindamar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cetindamar, D., Kitto, K., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., Abedin, B., & Knight, S. (2024). Explicating AI literacy of employees at digital workplaces. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 810\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TEM.2021.3138503","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"13097_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-021-00637-1","volume":"65","author":"TK Chiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiu, T. K. (2021). A holistic approach to the design of artificial intelligence (AI) education for K-12 schools. TechTrends, 65(5), 796\u2013807.","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"13097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2006.00185.x","volume":"22","author":"J Cooper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooper, J. (2006). The digital divide: The special case of gender. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22, 320\u2013334.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"16","key":"13097_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6597","DOI":"10.3390\/su12166597","volume":"12","author":"Y Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, Y., Chai, C.-S., Lin, P.-Y., Jong, M. S.-Y., Guo, Y., & Qin, J. (2020). Promoting students\u2019 well-being by developing their readiness for the artificial intelligence age. Sustainability, 12(16), 6597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12166597","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"13097_CR17","first-page":"32","volume":"38","author":"E Daley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daley, E. (2003). Expanding the concept of literacy. Educational Review, 38, 32\u201340.","journal-title":"Educational Review"},{"key":"13097_CR18","volume-title":"What if AI is not that fair? Understanding the impact of fear of algorithmic bias and AI literacy on information disclosure","author":"CEC De Souza","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Souza, C. E. C. (2021). What if AI is not that fair? Understanding the impact of fear of algorithmic bias and AI literacy on information disclosure. Master\u2019s thesis, BI Norwegian Business School. https:\/\/www.bi.no. Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.10.906","volume":"34","author":"JH Flavell","year":"1979","unstructured":"Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906\u2013911.","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"13097_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/rev3.3077","volume":"5","author":"L Gascoine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gascoine, L., Higgins, S., & Wall, K. (2017). The assessment of metacognition in children aged 4\u201316 years: A systematic review. Review of Education, 5, 3\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rev3.3077","journal-title":"Review of Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"13097_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.6.911","volume":"65","author":"C Glass","year":"1997","unstructured":"Glass, C., & Arnkoff, D. (1997). Questionnaire methods of cognitive self-statement assessment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 911\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.65.6.911","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"13097_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211022702","volume":"24","author":"E Hermann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hermann, E. (2022). Artificial intelligence and mass personalization of communication content\u2014An ethical and literacy perspective. New Media & Society, 24(5), 1258\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448211022702","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"key":"13097_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2016.7757570","volume-title":"2016 IEEE Frontiers in education conference (FIE)","author":"M Kandlhofer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kandlhofer, M., Steinbauer, G., Hirschmugl-Gaisch, S., & Huber, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence and computer science in education: From kindergarten to university. In 2016 IEEE Frontiers in education conference (FIE) (pp. 1\u20139). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIE.2016.7757570"},{"issue":"1","key":"13097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.04.009","volume":"77","author":"HS Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim, H. S., Kil, H. J., & Shin, A. (2014). An analysis of variables affecting the ICT literacy level of Korean elementary school students. Computers & Education, 77(1), 29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.04.009","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"13097_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"SH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, M. J., & Kim, H. C. (2020). A review of artificial intelligence education for K-12 students and teachers. Journal of Computer Education, 23(4), 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Education"},{"key":"13097_CR26","unstructured":"Kim, Y. S. (2019). Trends in talent nurturing policies in major countries in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI). https:\/\/spri.kr\/posts\/view\/22756.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100026","volume":"2","author":"S-C Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong, S.-C., Cheung, W. M.-Y., & Zhang, G. (2021). Evaluation of an artificial intelligence literacy course for university students with diverse study backgrounds. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100026","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"13097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X028002016","volume":"28","author":"D Kuhn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kuhn, D. (1999). A developmental model of critical thinking. Educational Researcher, 28(2), 16\u201325 Heather E.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"13097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laupichler, M. C., Aster, A., & Raupach, T. (2023). Delphi study for the development and preliminary validation of an item set for the assessment of non-experts' AI literacy. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100126"},{"issue":"4","key":"13097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x","volume":"28","author":"CH Lawshe","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x","journal-title":"Personnel Psychology"},{"key":"13097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1145\/3408877.3432513","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM technical symposium on computer science education (SIGCSE '21)","author":"I Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, I., Ali, S., Zhang, H., DiPaola, D., & Breazeal, C. (2021). Developing middle school students' AI literacy. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM technical symposium on computer science education (SIGCSE '21) (pp. 191\u2013197). Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3408877.3432513"},{"key":"13097_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376727","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI '20)","author":"D Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI '20) (pp. 1\u201316). Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376727"},{"key":"13097_CR33","volume-title":"K\u20138 STEM career competencies: Developing foundational skills for the future of work","author":"J Malyn-Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malyn-Smith, J., Juliuson, J., MacGillivray, S., Lee, I., & McCurdy-Kirlis, C. (2021). K\u20138 STEM career competencies: Developing foundational skills for the future of work. Education Development Center, Inc."},{"key":"13097_CR34","volume-title":"2022 revised elementary and secondary school curriculum summary practical art (technology\u00b7home)","author":"Ministry of Education","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ministry of Education. (2022). 2022 revised elementary and secondary school curriculum summary practical art (technology\u00b7home). National Curriculum Information Center.\u00a0https:\/\/ncic.re.kr\/mobile.dwn.ogf.inventoryList.do"},{"issue":"2","key":"13097_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.22515\/ljbs.v1i2.101","volume":"1","author":"V Mulia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mulia, V. (2016). The contributions of literacy skills to national development. Leadership & Business Strategy Journal, 1(2), 111\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22515\/ljbs.v1i2.101","journal-title":"Leadership & Business Strategy Journal"},{"key":"13097_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, D. T., Leung, J. K., Chu, S. K., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100041"},{"issue":"1","key":"13097_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1969.tb00654.x","volume":"6","author":"WJ Popham","year":"1969","unstructured":"Popham, W. J., & Husek, T. R. (1969). Implications of criterion-referenced measurement. Journal of Educational Measurement, 6(1), 1\u20139.\u00a0http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1433917.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"key":"13097_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2020.100014","volume":"1","author":"A Schepman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schepman, A., & Rodway, P. (2020). Initial validation of the general attitudes towards artificial intelligence scale. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 100014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2020.100014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"key":"13097_CR39","volume-title":"Fundamentals of educational evaluation","author":"TJ Seong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seong, T. J. (2019). Fundamentals of educational evaluation (3rd ed.). Hakjisa.","edition":"3"},{"key":"13097_CR40","volume-title":"Test development and analysis","author":"JA Shin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin, J. A., Si, G. J., & Seong, T. J. (2021). Test development and analysis. Hakjisa."},{"key":"13097_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-020-00689-0","volume":"35","author":"C Sindermann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sindermann, C., Sha, P., Zhou, M., Wernicke, J., Schmitt, H. S., Li, M., Sariyska, R., Stavrou, M., Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2020). Assessing the attitude towards artificial intelligence: Introduction of a short measure in German, Chinese, and English language. KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz, 35, 109\u2013118.","journal-title":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz"},{"issue":"1","key":"13097_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0801_2","volume":"8","author":"NF Skinner","year":"1973","unstructured":"Skinner, N. F., & Howarth, E. (1973). Cross-media independence of questionnaire and objective-test personality factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 8(1), 23\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327906mbr0801_2","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"13097_CR43","unstructured":"Stone, M. K. (1985). Ralph W. Tyler's principles of curriculum, instruction and evaluation: Past influences and present effects (Publication No. 2382) [Doctoral dissertation, Loyola University Chicago]. eCommons. https:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/luc_diss\/2382.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2024."},{"key":"13097_CR44","unstructured":"Stone, P., Brooks, R., Brynjolfsson, E., Calo, R., Etzioni, O., Hager, G., ... & Teller, A. (2022). Artificial intelligence and life in 2030: the one hundred year study on artificial intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.06318."},{"issue":"3","key":"13097_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110374797","volume":"18","author":"ML Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas, M. L. (2011). The value of item response theory in clinical assessment: A review. Assessment, 18(3), 291\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191110374797","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"13097_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1086\/214483","volume":"33","author":"LL Thurstone","year":"1928","unstructured":"Thurstone, L. L. (1928). Attitudes can be measured. American Journal of Sociology, 33(4), 529\u2013554.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"13097_CR47","volume-title":"Basic principles of curriculum and instruction","author":"RW Tyler","year":"1950","unstructured":"Tyler, R. W. (1950). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"13097_CR48","volume-title":"K-12 AI curricula \u2013 A mapping of government-endorsed AI curricula","author":"UNESCO","year":"2022","unstructured":"UNESCO. (2022). K-12 AI curricula \u2013 A mapping of government-endorsed AI curricula."},{"key":"13097_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wamba, S., Bawack, R., Guthrie, C., Queiroz, M., & Carillo, K. (2020). Are we preparing for a good AI society? A bibliometric review and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120482"},{"issue":"9","key":"13097_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2022.207276","volume":"42","author":"B Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, B., Rau, P.-L. P., & Yuan, T. (2023). Measuring user competence in using artificial intelligence: Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence literacy scale. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(9), 1324\u20131337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2022.207276","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"13097_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-023-00358-x","volume":"33","author":"N Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, N., & Lester, J. (2023). K-12 education in the age of AI: A call to action for K-12 AI literacy. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 33(2), 228\u2013232.","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"13097_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1145\/3381884","volume":"11","author":"GKW Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, G. K. W., Ma, X., Dillenbourg, P., & Huan, J. (2020). Broadening artificial intelligence education in K-12: Where to start? ACM Inroads, 11(1), 20\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3381884","journal-title":"ACM Inroads"},{"issue":"21","key":"13097_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14549","DOI":"10.3390\/su142114549","volume":"14","author":"L Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Wu, X., & Luo, H. (2022). Developing AI literacy for primary and middle school teachers in China: Based on a structural equation modeling analysis. Sustainability, 14(21), 14549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su142114549","journal-title":"Sustainability"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13097-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13097-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13097-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T08:55:54Z","timestamp":1737104154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13097-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["13097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-13097-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}