{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:06:45Z","timestamp":1781885205546,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-025-13814-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:23:34Z","timestamp":1761294214000},"page":"25577-25626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the transformative power of GenAI in education: an exploratory journey from social studies classes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6517-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Okan","family":"Yeti\u015fensoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"13814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13060490","volume":"13","author":"AM Al-Abdullatif","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Abdullatif, A. M. (2025). Auditing AI literacy competency in K-12 education: The role of awareness, ethics, evaluation, and use in human-machine cooperation. Systems, 13(6), Article 490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems13060490","journal-title":"Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/23727322231220339","volume":"11","author":"L Allen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Allen, L., & Kendeou, K. (2024). ED-AI lit: An interdisciplinary framework for AI literacy in education. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11(1), 3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23727322231220339","journal-title":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"13814_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30935\/cedtech\/13417","volume":"15","author":"S Alneyadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alneyadi, S., & Wardat, Y. (2023). ChatGPT: Revolutionizing student achievement in the electronic magnetism unit for eleventh-grade students in Emirates schools. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(4), Article ep448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30935\/cedtech\/13417","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Technology"},{"key":"13814_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-025-01114-9","author":"Y An","year":"2025","unstructured":"An, Y., & James, S. (2025). Generative AI integration in K-12 settings: Teachers\u2019 perceptions and levels of integration. TechTrends. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-025-01114-9","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"13814_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12223-4","volume":"29","author":"AN Ansari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ansari, A. N., Ahmad, S., & Bhutta, S. M. (2024). Mapping the global evidence around the use of ChatGPT in higher education: A systematic scoping review. Education And Information Technologies, 29, 11281\u201311321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12223-4","journal-title":"Education And Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR6","unstructured":"Arizona Institute for Education and the Economy (AIEE). (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in K-12 education: Guidance for Arizona schools and school systems. Northern Arizona University."},{"key":"13814_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100099","volume":"3","author":"MA Ayanwale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayanwale, M. A., Sanusi, I. T., Adelana, O. P., Aruleba, K. D., & Oyelere, S. S. (2022). Teachers\u2019 readiness and intention to teach artificial intelligence in schools. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100099","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151712983","volume":"15","author":"Z Bahroun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bahroun, Z., Anane, C., Ahmed, V., & Zacca, A. (2023). Transforming education: A comprehensive review of generative artificial intelligence in educational settings through bibliometric and content analysis. Sustainability, 15, Article 12983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su151712983","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"13814_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2024.102411","volume":"127","author":"MI Baig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baig, M. I., & Yadegaridehkordi, E. (2024). ChatGPT in the higher education: A systematic literature review and research challenges. International Journal of Educational Research, 127, Article 102411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijer.2024.102411","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"13814_CR10","unstructured":"Barnes, J. (2012). An introduction to cross\u00adcurricular learning. In P. Driscoll, A. Lambirth, & J. Roden (Eds.), The primary curriculum: A creative approach (p. 235\u00ad254). Sage Publications."},{"key":"13814_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Belghith, Y., Mahdavi-Goloujeh, A., Magerko, B., Long, D., Mcklin, T., & Roberts, J. (2024). Testing, socializing, exploring: Characterizing middle schoolers\u2019 approaches to and conceptions of ChatGPT. CHI \u201824: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 276(1-17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642332","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642332"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR12","first-page":"114","volume":"87","author":"IR Berson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berson, I. R., & Berson, M. J. (2023). The democratization of AI and its transformative potential in social studies education. Social Education, 87(2), 114\u2013118.","journal-title":"Social Education"},{"key":"13814_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12723-x","volume":"29","author":"PS Bhullar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhullar, P. S., Joshi, M., & Chugh, R. (2024). ChatGPT in higher education - A synthesis of the literature and a future research agenda. Education And Information Technologies, 29, 21501\u201321522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12723-x","journal-title":"Education And Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-025-13699-y","author":"CN Blundell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blundell, C. N., Mukherjee, M., & Nykvist, S. (2025). Adopting generative AI in K-12 teaching and learning: Australian teachers\u2019 actions through the lens of innovation theory. Education and Information Technologies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13699-y","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12405-0","volume":"29","author":"M Bower","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bower, M., Torrington, J., Lai, J. W. M., Petocz, P., & Alfano, M. (2024). How should we change teaching and assessment in response to increasingly powerful generative artificial intelligence? Outcomes of the ChatGPT teacher survey. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 15403\u201315439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12405-0","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7755273","volume":"18","author":"A Bozkurt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2023). Challenging the status quo and exploring the new boundaries in the age of algorithms: Reimagining the role of GenAI in distance education and online learning. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7755273","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Distance Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7636568","volume":"18","author":"A Bozkurt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C., Romero- Hall, E., Koutropoulos, A., & Jandri\u0107, P. (2023). Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI): A collective reflection from the educational landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7636568","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"13814_CR18","unstructured":"Cao, L., & Dede, C. (2023). Navigating a world of genai: Suggestions for educators. The Next Level Lab at Harvard Graduate School of Education."},{"key":"13814_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100053","volume":"3","author":"L Carvalho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carvalho, L., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Tsai, Y., Markauskaite, L., & De Laat, M. (2022). How can we design for learning in an AI world? Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100053","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-023-00411-8","volume":"20","author":"CKY Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students\u2019 voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, Article 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-023-00411-8","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/10382046.2023.2194036","volume":"32","author":"CH Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang, C. H., & Kidman, G. (2023). The rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) language models-challenges and opportunities for geographical and environmental education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 32(2), 85\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10382046.2023.2194036","journal-title":"International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education"},{"key":"13814_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100184","volume":"5","author":"B Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, B., Zhu, X., & Castillo, F. D. C. (2023). Integrating generative AI in knowledge Building. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100184","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.2025.2510395","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J., Mokmin, N. A. M., & Qi, S. (2025). Generative AI-powered arts-based learning in middle school history: Impact on achievement, motivation, and cognitive load. The Journal of Educational Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2025.2510395","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.30191\/ETS.202201_25(1).0003","volume":"25","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, X., Zou, D., Xie, H., Cheng, G., & Liu, C. (2022). Two decades of artificial intelligence in education: Contributors, collaborations, research topics, challenges, and future directions. Educational Technology & Society, 25(1), 28\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30191\/ETS.202201_25(1).0003","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.30191\/ETS.202404_27(2).TP04","volume":"27","author":"YV Chiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiang, Y. V., Chang, M., & Chen, N. S. (2024). Can generative AI help realize the shift from an outcome-oriented to a process-outcome-balanced educational practice? Educational Technology & Society, 27(2), 347\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30191\/ETS.202404_27(2).TP04","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"13814_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2023.2253861","author":"TKF Chiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiu, T. K. F. (2024a). The impact of generative AI (GenAI) on practices, policies and research direction in education: A case of ChatGPT and midjourney. Interactive Learning Environments. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2023.2253861","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"13814_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100197","volume":"6","author":"TKF Chiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiu, T. K. F. (2024b). Future research recommendations for transforming higher education with generative AI. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, Article 100197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100197","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, T. K. F. (2025). Empowering K\u201312 education with AI: Preparing for the future of education and work. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003498377"},{"key":"13814_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-023-10039-y","volume":"32","author":"H Cooper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cooper, H. (2023). Examining science education in chatgpt: An exploratory study of generative artificial intelligence. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32, 444\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10956-023-10039-y","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"key":"13814_CR30","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson."},{"key":"13814_CR31","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage."},{"issue":"6","key":"13814_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16757","volume":"9","author":"N Dehouche","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dehouche, N., & Dehouche, K. (2023). What\u2019s in a text-to-image prompt? The potential of stable diffusion in visual arts education. Heliyon, 9(6), Article e16757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16757","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"13814_CR33","unstructured":"Diliberti, M. K., Schwartz, H. L., Doan, S. Y., Shapiro, A., Rainey, L. R., & Lake, R. J. (2024). Using artificial intelligence tools in K-12 classrooms. RAND Corporation."},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/00933104.2003.10473216","volume":"31","author":"PE Doolittle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doolittle, P. E., & Hicks, D. (2003). Constructivism as a theoretical foundation for the use of technology in social studies. Theory and Research in Social Education, 31(1), 72\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00933104.2003.10473216","journal-title":"Theory and Research in Social Education"},{"issue":"9","key":"13814_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.12691\/education-12-9-2","volume":"12","author":"K Doty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doty, K., & Lipien, L. (2024). Student perceptions and attitudes about the usage of Chatgpt in online K-12 education and student preferences about learning to use artificial intelligence from teachers. American Journal of Educational Research, 12(9), 348\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/education-12-9-2","journal-title":"American Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"13814_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642","volume":"71","author":"YK Dwivedi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., Wright, R., Koohang, A., Raghavan, V., Ahuja, M., Albanna, H., Albashrawi, M. A., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Balakrishnan, J., Barlette, Y., Basu, S., Bose, I., Brooks, L., Buhalis, D., & Wright, R. (2023). So what if ChatGPT wrote it? Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"13814_CR37","unstructured":"Dynneson, T. L., & Gross, R. E. (1995). Designing effective instruction for secondary social studies. Prentice Hall."},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.20533\/ijcdse.2042.6364.2019.0492","volume":"10","author":"S Earley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Earley, S. ((2019)). An investigation into the implementation of a cross-curricular approach in an Irish primary school classroom. International Journal For Cross-Disciplinary Subjects In Education, 10(2), 4031\u20134040.","journal-title":"International Journal For Cross-Disciplinary Subjects In Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2023.2195846","volume":"61","author":"M Farrokhnia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farrokhnia, M., Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O., & Wals, A. (2024). A SWOT analysis of chatgpt: Implications for educational practice and research. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(3), 460\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14703297.2023.2195846","journal-title":"Innovations in Education and Teaching International"},{"key":"13814_CR40","unstructured":"Fontana, L. A. (1997). Online learning communities: Implications for the social studies. In P. Martorella (Ed.), Interactive technologies and the social studies (pp. 1\u201326). State University of New York."},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.64152\/10125\/44068","volume":"10","author":"L Fryer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fryer, L., & Carpenter, R. (2006). Bots as language learning tools. Language Learning & Technology, 10(3), 8\u201314.","journal-title":"Language Learning & Technology"},{"key":"13814_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. SAGE.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412963909"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1501\/Egifak_0000001348","volume":"47","author":"FD G\u00f6z\u00fctok","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00f6z\u00fctok, F. D., & Alk\u0131n-\u015eahin, S. (2014). Cross-curricular themes in curricula. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 47(2), 287\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1501\/Egifak_0000001348","journal-title":"Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.30191\/ETS.202404_27(2).TP05","volume":"27","author":"H G\u00fcner","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00fcner, H., Er, E., Ak\u00e7ap\u0131nar, G., & Khalil, M. (2024). From chalkboards to AI-powered learning: Students\u2019 attitudes and perspectives on use of ChatGPT in educational settings. Educational Technology & Society, 27(2), 386\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30191\/ETS.202404_27(2).TP05","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18039\/ajesi.99217","volume":"6","author":"\u00d6 G\u00fcrdo\u011fan-Bay\u0131r","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00fcrdo\u011fan-Bay\u0131r, \u00d6., \u00c7engelci-K\u00f6se, T., & Balba\u011f, N. L. (2016). Sosyal bilgiler dersinde Ara disiplinlerden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 6(2), 1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18039\/ajesi.99217","journal-title":"Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International"},{"key":"13814_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-023-00924-z","volume":"68","author":"L Hays","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hays, L., Jurkowski, O., & Sims, S. K. (2024). ChatGPT in K-12 education. TechTrends, 68, 281\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-023-00924-z","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.62695\/JEGZ4440","volume":"3","author":"CX Hili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hili, C. X., & Schembri, H. (2022). Cross-curricular teaching within the learning outcomes framework: The experiences of primary teachers in two state schools in Malta. Malta Journal of Education, 3(2), 231\u2013258.","journal-title":"Malta Journal of Education"},{"key":"13814_CR48","unstructured":"Holloway, I. (1997). Basic concepts for qualitative research. Wiley-Blackwell."},{"key":"13814_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-023-00863-9","volume":"67","author":"YC Hsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsu, Y. C., & Ching, Y. H. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence in education, Part one: The dynamic frontier. Techtrends, 67, 603\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-023-00863-9","journal-title":"Techtrends"},{"issue":"4","key":"13814_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.3901","volume":"36","author":"S Javed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Javed, S., Rong, Y., & Abbasi, B. N. (2024). Convergence analysis of artificial intelligence research capacity: Are the less developed catching up with the developed ones? Journal of International Development, 36(4), 2172\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jid.3901","journal-title":"Journal of International Development"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"13814_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.2021241","volume":"37","author":"J Jeon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeon, J. (2024). Exploring AI chatbot affordances in the EFL classroom: Young learners\u2019 experiences and perspectives. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(1\u20132), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2021.2021241","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.70725\/815246mfssgp","volume":"34","author":"R Kaplan-Rakowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan-Rakowski, R., Grotewold, K., Hartwick, P., & Papin, K. (2023). Generative AI and teachers\u2019 perspectives on its implementation in education. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 34(2), 313\u2013338.","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Learning Research"},{"key":"13814_CR53","unstructured":"Karaduman, H., & Yeti\u015fensoy, O. (2020). Sosyal Bilgilerde Teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik stratejiler. In A. F. Ersoy, & H. Karaduman (Eds.), Sosyal Bilgilerde g\u00fcncel Okumalar II (pp. 229\u2013261). An\u0131 Publishing."},{"key":"13814_CR54","unstructured":"Karaduman, H., & Yeti\u015fensoy, O. (2023). Sosyal bilgiler ve Yapay zek\u00e2: E\u011fitimde ideal Bir Sentez mi? In A. F. Ersoy, & H. Karaduman (Eds.), Sosyal Bilgilerde G\u00fcncel Okumalar III (pp. 249\u2013277). E\u011fiten Kitap Publishing."},{"issue":"24","key":"13814_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.35826\/ijoecc.1813","volume":"8","author":"A Karaku\u015f","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karaku\u015f, A. (2023). Social studies and artificial intelligence. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 8(24), 3079\u20133102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35826\/ijoecc.1813","journal-title":"International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture"},{"key":"13814_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274","volume":"103","author":"E Kasneci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kasneci, E., Se\u00dfler, K., K\u00fcchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., G\u00fcnnemann, S., H\u00fcllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., & Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, Article 102274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2151730","volume":"40","author":"F Kaya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaya, F., Ayd\u0131n, F., Schepman, A., Rodway, P., Yeti\u015fensoy, O., & Kaya Demir, M. (2024). The roles of personality traits, AI anxiety, and demographic factors in attitudes towards artificial intelligence. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 40(2), 497\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2022.2151730","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"13814_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12878-7","volume":"30","author":"J Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim, J., Yu, S., Detrick, R., & Li, N. (2025). Exploring students\u2019 perspectives on generative AI-assisted academic writing. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 1265\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12878-7","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"17","key":"13814_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15569","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i17.17833","volume":"35","author":"S Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, S., Jang, Y., Kim, W., Choi, S., Jung, H., Kim, S., & Kim, H. (2021). Why and what to teach: AI curriculum for elementary school. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 35(17), 15569\u201315576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v35i17.17833","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klopfer, E., Reich, J., Abelson, H., & Breazeal, C. (2024). An MIT exploration of generative AI: From novel chemicals to opera: Generative AI and K-12 education: An MIT perspective. MIT.","DOI":"10.21428\/e4baedd9.81164b06"},{"key":"13814_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11408-7","volume":"28","author":"SC Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong, S. C., Cheung, W. M. Y., & Zhang, G. (2023). Evaluating an AI literacy programme for empowering and developing concepts, literacy and ethical awareness in senior secondary students. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 4703\u20134724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11408-7","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"14","key":"13814_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8636","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148636","volume":"14","author":"V Kuleto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuleto, V., Ili\u0107, M. P., Manea, B., \u021aoni\u015f, R., Ciocodeic\u0103, D. F., Mih\u0103lcescu, H., & Mindrescu, V. (2022). The attitudes of K-12 schools\u2019 teachers in Serbia towards the potential of artificial intelligence. Sustainability, 14(14), 8636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14148636","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"13814_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyng\u00e4s, H. (2020). Inductive content analysis. In H. Kyng\u00e4s, K. Mikkonen, & M. K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen (Eds.), The application of content analysis in nursing science research (pp. 13\u201322). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30199-6"},{"key":"13814_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laak, K. J., & Aru, J. (2024). Generative AI in K-12: Opportunities for learning and utility for teachers. In A. M. Olney, I. A. Chounta, Z. Liu, O. C. Santos, & I. I. Bittencourt (Eds.), Artificial intelligence in education: Posters and late breaking results, workshops and tutorials, industry and innovation tracks, practitioners, doctoral consortium and blue sky (pp. 502\u2013509). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-64315-6_49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64315-6_49"},{"key":"13814_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J., & Friedman, A. M. (2009). Research on technology in social studies education. Information Age Publishing.","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-60752-294-2"},{"key":"13814_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12150-4","volume":"29","author":"U Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, U., Han, A., Lee, J., Lee, E., Kim, J., Kim, H., & Lim, C. (2024a). Prompt Aloud! Incorporating image\u2013GenAI into STEAM class with learning analytics using prompt data. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 9575\u20139605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12150-4","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100253","volume":"7","author":"VR Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, V. R., Pope, D., Miles, S., & Z\u00e1rate, R. C. (2024b). Cheating in the age of generative AI: A high school survey study of cheating behaviors before and after the release of ChatGPT. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, Article 100253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100253","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100445","volume":"9","author":"B Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, B., Tan, Y. L., Wang, C., & Lowell, V. (2025). Two years of innovation: A systematic review of empirical generative AI research in language learning and teaching. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, Article 100445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100445","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"5","key":"13814_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.8923","volume":"39","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, H. (2023). Effects of a ChatGPT-based flipped learning guiding approach on learners\u2019 courseware project performances and perceptions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 40\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/ajet.8923","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"13814_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12256-9","volume":"29","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, L., Ma, Z., Fan, L., Lee, S., Yu, H., & Hemphill, L. (2024). ChatGPT in education: A discourse analysis of worries and concerns on social media. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 10729\u201310762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12256-9","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100790","volume":"21","author":"WM Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023). GenAI and the future of education: Ragnar\u00f6k or reformation? A Paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21, 100790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100790","journal-title":"The International Journal of Management Education"},{"key":"13814_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","author":"YS Lincoln","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","journal-title":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations"},{"key":"13814_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100438","volume":"9","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, J., Sun, D., Sun, J., Wang, J., & Yu, P. L. H. (2025). Designing a generative AI enabled learning environment for mathematics word problem solving in primary schools: Learning performance, attitudes and interaction. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, Article 100438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100438","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"13814_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.56397\/JARE.2023.07.08","volume":"2","author":"Y Lou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lou, Y. (2023). Exploring the application of ChatGPT to English teaching in a Malaysia primary school. Journal Of Advanced Research In Education, 2(4), 47\u201354.","journal-title":"Journal Of Advanced Research In Education"},{"key":"13814_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12707-x","volume":"29","author":"Z Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Abbasi, B. N., Yang, C., Li, J., & Sohail, A. (2024). A systematic review of evaluation and program planning strategies for technology integration in education: Insights for evidence-based practice. Education And Information Technologies, 29, 21133\u201321167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12707-x","journal-title":"Education And Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100422","volume":"8","author":"M Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma, M., Ng, D. T. K., Liu, Z., & Wong, G. K. W. (2025). Fostering responsible AI literacy: A systematic review of K\u201312 AI ethics education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, Article 100422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100422","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"7","key":"13814_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12073239","volume":"12","author":"K Mageira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mageira, K., Pittou, D., Papasalouros, A., Kotis, K., Zangogianni, P., & Daradoumis, A. (2022). Educational AI chatbots for content and language integrated learning. Applied Sciences, 12(7), Article 3239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app12073239","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"13814_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12333-z","volume":"29","author":"G Maheshwari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maheshwari, G. (2024). Factors influencing students\u2019 intention to adopt and use ChatGPT in higher education: A study in the Vietnamese context. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 12167\u201312195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12333-z","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-023-00911-4","volume":"68","author":"J Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao, J., Chen, B., & Liu, J. C. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in education and its implications for assessment. Techtrends, 68, 58\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-023-00911-4","journal-title":"Techtrends"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/01626434231165977","volume":"38","author":"MT Marino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marino, M. T., Vasquez, E., Dieker, L., Basham, J., & Blackorby, J. (2023). The future of artificial intelligence in special education technology. Journal of Special Education Technology, 38(3), 404\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01626434231165977","journal-title":"Journal of Special Education Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR81","first-page":"107","volume":"1","author":"C Mason","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mason, C., Berson, M., Diem, R., Hicks, D., Lee, J., & Dralle, T. (2000). Guidelines for using technology to prepare social studies teachers. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 1(1), 107\u2013116.","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbah.2023.100022","volume":"1","author":"B Memarian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Memarian, B., & Doleck, T. (2023). ChatGPT in education: Methods, potentials, and limitations. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 1(2), Article 100022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbah.2023.100022","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans"},{"key":"13814_CR83","unstructured":"Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research. A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley-Sons."},{"key":"13814_CR84","unstructured":"Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and \u0131mplementation. Jossey Bass."},{"key":"13814_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100095","volume":"3","author":"P Mertala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mertala, P., Fagerlund, J., & Calderon, O. (2022). Finnish 5th and 6th grade students\u2019 pre-instructional conceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) and their implications for AI literacy education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100095","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR86","unstructured":"Ministry of National Education [MoNE] (2018). Social studies curriculum (Elementary and middle school 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grades). Ankara."},{"key":"13814_CR87","unstructured":"Ministry of National Education [MoNE] (2023). Artificial intelligence applications curriculum (Middle school and Imamhatip middle school 7th and 8th grades). Ankara."},{"key":"13814_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11917-z","volume":"29","author":"AM Mohamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed, A. M. (2024). Exploring the potential of an AI-based chatbot (ChatGPT) in enhancing English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching: Perceptions of EFL faculty members. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 3195\u20133217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11917-z","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321547","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1321547","volume":"9","author":"FF Monteiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Monteiro, F. F., Souza, P. V. S., Silva, D., Maia, M. C., Silva, J. R., W. F., & Girardi, D. (2024). ChatGPT in Brazilian K-12 science education. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1321547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2024.1321547","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"key":"13814_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100201","volume":"6","author":"BL Moorhouse","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moorhouse, B. L. (2024). Beginning and first-year Language teachers\u2019 readiness for the GenAI age. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100201","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00431-8","volume":"5","author":"JL Morton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morton, J. L. (2025). On inscription and bias: Data, actor network theory, and the social problems of text-to-image AI models. AI and Ethics, 5, 775\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00431-8","journal-title":"AI and Ethics"},{"key":"13814_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murgia, E., Soledad-Pera, M., Huibers, T., & Landoni, M. (2023). Children on ChatGPT readability in an educational context: Myth or opportunity. UMAP \u201823 adjunct: adjunct proceedings of the 31st acm conference on user modeling, adaptation and personalization. (pp. 311\u2013316). ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3563359.3596996","DOI":"10.1145\/3563359.3596996"},{"key":"13814_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11491-w","volume":"28","author":"DTK Ng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ng, D. T. K., Lee, M., Tan, R. J. Y., Hu, X., Downie, J. S., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). A review of AI teaching and learning from 2000 to 2020. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 8445\u20138501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11491-w","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100041"},{"issue":"10","key":"13814_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6204","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2023.2255228","volume":"32","author":"DTK Ng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ng, D. T. K., Su, J., Leung, J. K. L., & Chu, S. K. W. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy education in secondary schools: A review. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(10), 6204\u20136224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2023.2255228","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"6","key":"13814_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14060636","volume":"14","author":"B Ogunleye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ogunleye, B., Zakariyyah, K. I., Ajao, O., Olayinka, O., & Sharma, H. (2024). A systematic review of generative AI for teaching and learning practice. Education Sciences, 14(6), Article 636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci14060636","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"key":"13814_CR97","unstructured":"OpenAI (2022a). DALL\u00b7E API now available in public beta. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/%20dall-e-api-now-available-in-public-beta"},{"key":"13814_CR98","unstructured":"OpenAI (2022b). Introducing ChatGPT. https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/chatgpt"},{"key":"13814_CR99","unstructured":"OpenAI (2024). Creating video from text. https:\/\/openai.com\/sora"},{"key":"13814_CR100","unstructured":"Page, M., Schagen, S., Fallus, K., Bron, J., De Coninck, C., Maes, B., Sleurs, W., & Van Woensel, C. (2005). Cross-curricular themes in secondary education: Report of a CIDREE collaborative project. Consortium of Institutions for Development and Research in Education in Europe."},{"key":"13814_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2023.03.001","volume":"40","author":"R Peres","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peres, R., Schreier, M., Schweidel, D., & Sorescu, A. (2023). On ChatGPT and beyond: How generative artificial intelligence may affect research, teaching, and practice. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 40, 269\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2023.03.001","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Marketing"},{"key":"13814_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2024.2410101","author":"P Polakova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polakova, P., & Ivenz, P. (2024). The impact of ChatGPT feedback on the development of EFL students\u2019 writing skills. Cogent Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2331186X.2024.2410101","journal-title":"Cogent Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100857","volume":"21","author":"V Ratten","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ratten, V., & Jones, P. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence (ChatGPT): Implications for management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), Article 100857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100857","journal-title":"The International Journal of Management Education"},{"key":"13814_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6895","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12114-8","volume":"29","author":"S Rawas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rawas, S. (2024). ChatGPT: Empowering lifelong learning in the digital age of higher education. Education And Information Technologies, 29, 6895\u20136908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12114-8","journal-title":"Education And Information Technologies"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR105","first-page":"54","volume":"99","author":"SG Russell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russell, S. G. (2023). The transformative power of ChatGPT in middle and high school learning. Texas Library Journal, 99(2), 54\u201355.","journal-title":"Texas Library Journal"},{"key":"13814_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabuncuoglu, A. (2020). Designing one year curriculum to teach artificial intelligence for middle school. Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (pp. 96\u2013102). ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3341525.3387364","DOI":"10.1145\/3341525.3387364"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2020.1740350","volume":"11","author":"A Salles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salles, A., Evers, K., & Farisco, M. (2020). Anthropomorphism in AI. AJOB Neuroscience, 11(2), 88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21507740.2020.1740350","journal-title":"AJOB Neuroscience"},{"key":"13814_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100098","volume":"3","author":"IT Sanusi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanusi, I. T., Olaleye, S. A., Agbo, F. J., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2022). The role of learners\u2019 competencies in artificial intelligence education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100098","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100155","volume":"5","author":"IT Sanusi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanusi, I. T., Oyelere, S. S., Vartiainen, H., Suhonen, J., & Tukiainen, M. (2023). Developing middle school students\u2019 understanding of machine learning in an African school. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, Article 100155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100155","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.52911\/itall.1297978","volume":"4","author":"N \u015een","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u015een, N., & Akbay, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence and innovative applications in special education. Instructional Technology and Lifelong Learning, 4(2), 176\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52911\/itall.1297978","journal-title":"Instructional Technology and Lifelong Learning"},{"key":"13814_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.15738\/kjell.21.202104.375","volume":"21","author":"D Shin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin, D., Kim, H., Lee, J. H., & Yang, H. (2021). Exploring the use of an artificial intelligence chatbot as second Language conversation partners. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics, 21, 375\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15738\/kjell.21.202104.375","journal-title":"Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics"},{"key":"13814_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100212","volume":"6","author":"Y Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song, Y., Weisberg, L. R., Zhang, S., Tian, X., Boyer, K. E., & Israel, M. (2024). A framework for inclusive AI learning design for diverse learners. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, Article 100212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100212","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100127","volume":"4","author":"J Southworth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Southworth, J., Migliaccio, K., Glover, J., Glover, J., Reed, D., McCarty, C., Brendemuhl, J., & Thomas, A. (2023). Developing a model for AI across the curriculum: Transforming the higher education landscape via innovation in AI literacy. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, Article 100127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100127","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-021-00724-8","volume":"35","author":"G Steinbauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steinbauer, G., Kandlhofer, M., Chklovski, T., Heintz, F., & Koenig, S. (2021). A differentiated discussion about AI education K-12. KI, 35, 131\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13218-021-00724-8","journal-title":"KI"},{"key":"13814_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12765-1","volume":"29","author":"A Strzelecki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strzelecki, A., Cicha, K., Rizun, M., & Rutecka, P. (2024). Acceptance and use of chatGPT in the academic community. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 22943\u201322968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12765-1","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuckart, D. W., & Berson, M. J. (2009). Artificial intelligence in social studies. In J. Lee, & A. M. Friedman (Eds.), Research on technology in social studies education (pp. 231\u2013251). Information Age Publishing.","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-60752-294-220251016"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/20965311231168423","volume":"6","author":"J Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su, J., & Yang, W. (2023). Unlocking the power of chatgpt: A framework for applying generative AI in education. ECNU Review of Education, 6(3), 355\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20965311231168423","journal-title":"ECNU Review of Education"},{"key":"13814_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100124","volume":"4","author":"J Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su, J., Ng, D. T. K., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in early childhood education: The challenges and opportunities. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, Article 100124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100124","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100065","volume":"3","author":"J Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su, J., Zhong, Y., & Ng, D. T. K. (2022). A meta-review of literature on educational approaches for teaching AI at the K-12 levels in the Asia-Pacific region. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100065","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0973408220930706","volume":"14","author":"P Sund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sund, P., Gericke, N., & Bladh, G. (2020). Educational content in cross-curricular ESE teaching and a model to discern teacher\u2019s teaching traditions. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 14(1), 78\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0973408220930706","journal-title":"Journal of Education for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.30738\/union.v11i2.14898","volume":"11","author":"E Supriyadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Supriyadi, E., & Kuncoro, K. S. (2023). Exploring the future of mathematics teaching: Insight with ChatGPT. Union: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 305\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30738\/union.v11i2.14898","journal-title":"Union: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika"},{"key":"13814_CR122","unstructured":"Sutter, A. (2024). 4 reasons K-12 districts should embrace GenAI now. https:\/\/www.lightspeedsystems.com\/blog\/4-reasons\/#:~:text=GenAI%20technologies%20in%20K%2D12,facilitate%20effective%20decision%2Dmaking%20processes"},{"key":"13814_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2025.2482586","author":"Q Tan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan, Q., & Tang, X. (2025). Unveiling AI literacy in K\u201312 education: A systematic literature review of empirical research. Interactive Learning Environments. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2025.2482586","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"13814_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ta\u015f, I. D. (2010). Identification of state of knowledge and viewpoints about cross curriculum approach of classroom teachers and cross curriculum disciplines committee members staffed in preparing 2005 primary education curricula (Master\u2019s thesis). Ankara University.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.03.341"},{"key":"13814_CR125","unstructured":"Terwiesch, C. (2023). Would Chat GPT3 get a Wharton MBA? A prediction based on its performance in the operations management course. https:\/\/mackinstitute.wharton.upenn.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Christian-Terwiesch-Chat-GTP.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"13814_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v40i4.5289","volume":"40","author":"D Touretzky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Breazeal, C., Martin, F., & Seehorn, D. (2019). A year in K-12 AI education. AI Magazine, 40(4), 88\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aimag.v40i4.5289","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"13814_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turcotte, N., & Mesa, M. (2024). An exploration of middle and high school teachers\u2019 perceptions of ChatGPT. In H. Crompton, & D. Burke (Eds.), Artificial intelligence applications in K-12: Theories, ethics, and case studies for schools (pp. 74\u201389). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003440192-6"},{"key":"13814_CR128","unstructured":"UNESCO (2022). K-12 AI curricula A mapping of government-endorsed AI curricula. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000380602"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14626268.2023.2174557","volume":"34","author":"H Vartiainen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vartiainen, H., & Tedre, M. (2023). Using artificial intelligence in craft education: Crafting with text to-image generative models. Digital Creativity, 34(1), 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14626268.2023.2174557","journal-title":"Digital Creativity"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1386\/eta_00143_1","volume":"19","author":"H Vartiainen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vartiainen, H., Tedre, M., & Jormanainen, I. (2023). Co-creating digital Art with GenAI in K-9 education: Socio-material insights. International Journal of Education Through Art, 19(3), 405\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta_00143_1","journal-title":"International Journal of Education Through Art"},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.18559\/ebr.2023.2.743","volume":"9","author":"K Walczak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walczak, K., & Cellary, W. (2023). Challenges for higher education in the era of widespread access to GenAI. Economics and Business Review, 9(2), 71\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18559\/ebr.2023.2.743","journal-title":"Economics and Business Review"},{"key":"13814_CR132","unstructured":"Worthington, M. (2013). Differences between phenomenological research and a basic qualitative research design. http:\/\/a1149861.sites.myregisteredsite.com\/DifferencesBetweenPhenomenologicalResearchAndBasicQualitativeResearchDesign.pdf"},{"key":"13814_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11742-4","volume":"28","author":"D Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan, D. (2023). Impact of ChatGPT on learners in a L2 writing practicum: An exploratory investigation. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 13943\u201313967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-11742-4","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100061","volume":"3","author":"W Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, W. (2022). Artificial intelligence education for young children: Why, what, and how in curriculum design and implementation. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100061","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.30786\/jef.573614","volume":"16","author":"M Yavuz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yavuz, M., & \u00d6zkaral, T. C. (2019). A study on comparative examination of the theme Power, authority and management in the social studies curriculums of Turkey, Canada (Alberta) and England. Journal of Education and Future, 16, 51\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30786\/jef.573614","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Future"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.30191\/ETS.202407_27(3).TP01","volume":"27","author":"HC Yeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeh, H. C. (2024). Revolutionizing Language learning: Integrating generative AI for enhanced Language proficiency. Educational Technology & Society, 27(3), 335\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30191\/ETS.202407_27(3).TP01","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"20","key":"13814_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.57135\/jier.1594253","volume":"9","author":"S Ye\u015filyurt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye\u015filyurt, S., D\u00fcndar, R., Demir, R. Z., & Ye\u015filyurt, A. G. (2025). Teaching social studies with generative artificial intelligence tools: Advantages and disadvantages. Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Research, 9(20), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57135\/jier.1594253","journal-title":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"13814_CR138","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"O Yeti\u015fensoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeti\u015fensoy, O. (2024). Tomorrow\u2019s teachers and artificial intelligence: Exploring attitudes and perceptions of Turkish prospective social studies teachers. Eurasian Journal of Teacher Education, 5(1), 1\u201331.","journal-title":"Eurasian Journal of Teacher Education"},{"key":"13814_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yeti\u015fensoy, O. (2025). Beyond algorithms: Unveiling the intersection of AI ethics, citizenship education, and social studies. In J. Zajda & A. Rapoport (Eds.), Discourses of globalisation and citizenship education. globalisation, comparative education and policy research (pp. 151\u2013166). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-86145-1_9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-86145-1_9"},{"key":"13814_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12485-6","volume":"29","author":"O Yeti\u015fensoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeti\u015fensoy, O., & Karaduman, H. (2024). The effect of AI-powered chatbots in social studies education. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 17035\u201317069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12485-6","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"13814_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.33902\/JPR.202320866","volume":"7","author":"O Yeti\u015fensoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yeti\u015fensoy, O., & Rapoport, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence literacy teaching in social studies education. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 7(3), 100\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33902\/JPR.202320866","journal-title":"Journal of Pedagogical Research"},{"key":"13814_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100321","volume":"7","author":"IHY Yim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yim, I. H. Y. (2024). Artificial intelligence literacy in primary education: An arts-based approach to overcoming age and gender barriers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, Article 100321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100321","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR143","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, A., & \u015eim\u015fek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde Nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri. Se\u00e7kin Publishing."},{"issue":"2","key":"13814_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rev3.3489","volume":"12","author":"A Yusuf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yusuf, A., Pervin, N., Rom\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., & Noor, N. M. (2024). Generative AI in education and research: A systematic mapping review. Review Of Education, 12(2), Article e3489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rev3.3489","journal-title":"Review Of Education"},{"key":"13814_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.21764\/maeuefd.312152","volume":"47","author":"F Zayimo\u011flu-\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zayimo\u011flu-\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, F. (2018). Sosyal bilgiler \u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131nda yer Alan Ara disiplinlere ili\u015fkin \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 47, 137\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21764\/maeuefd.312152","journal-title":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty"},{"issue":"21","key":"13814_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23318","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i21.30380","volume":"38","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Lee, I., & Moore, K. (2024). An effectiveness study of teacher-led AI literacy curriculum in K-12 classrooms. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 38(21), 23318\u201323325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v38i21.30380","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13814_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12705-z","volume":"29","author":"W Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, W., & Kim, Y. (2024). Innovative music education: An empirical assessment of ChatGPT-4\u2019s impact on student learning experiences. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 20855\u201320881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-024-12705-z","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"13814_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12397-x","volume":"29","author":"M Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou, M., & Huang, L. (2024). The impact of ChatGPT on L2 writing and expected responses: Voice from doctoral students. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 13201\u201313219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12397-x","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-025-13852-7","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000}}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13814-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13814-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13814-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:18:05Z","timestamp":1770275885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13814-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["13814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13814-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13852-7","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-025-13852-7","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The researcher adhered to all ethical principles of scientific research throughout the study. Initially, a research proposal was prepared and submitted to the ethics committee of a university in T\u00fcrkiye. Following the committee\u2019s evaluation, an approval certificate confirming compliance with ethical standards was obtained. Subsequently, a request for research permission was submitted to the MoNE, accompanied by various documents, including the ethics approval certificate. After conducting the necessary reviews, the MoNE research committee granted permission for the study to proceed. The research was conducted entirely on a voluntary basis. At the outset, participants were informed about the process and data collection methods through forms mandated by MoNE, including the student voluntary participation form, parental consent form, and teacher voluntary participation form. Consent was obtained from all stakeholders. To protect privacy, pseudonyms were used in the presentation of qualitative data. Furthermore, GenAI models were utilized in the classroom under the supervision and guidance of the teacher to ensure their appropriate and ethical use.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Considerations"}},{"value":"There is not any conflict of interest in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}