{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:07:06Z","timestamp":1779494826037,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-026-13903-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T09:53:35Z","timestamp":1771840415000},"page":"2627-2656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Academic help seeking and integrity on anonymous social media: patterns of student engagement and academic misconduct"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9253-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Hargus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"13903_CR1","first-page":"133","volume":"83","author":"L Aaron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aaron, L., Simmons, P., & Graham-Webb, D. (2011). Academic dishonesty and unprofessional behavior. Radiologic Technology, 83, 133\u2013140.","journal-title":"Radiologic Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-016-0135-3","volume":"61","author":"P Amador","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amador, P., & Amador, J. (2017). Academic help seeking: A framework for conceptualizing Facebook use for higher education support. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 61(2), 195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-016-0135-3","journal-title":"TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning"},{"issue":"7","key":"13903_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/02615479.2020.1736022","volume":"39","author":"D Apgar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Apgar, D. (2020). The use of group text messaging to enhance social support of social work students. Social Work Education, 39(7), 922\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02615479.2020.1736022","journal-title":"Social Work Education"},{"key":"13903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, K., Law, V., & Lee-Post, A. (2024). Relationships among class climate, students\u2019 internal help-seeking factors, participation in peer help, and achievement in an online class. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(5), 2132\u20132150.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13437","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13437"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR5","first-page":"241","volume":"17","author":"G Bachmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bachmann, G., Knecht, M., & Wittel, A. (2017). The social productivity of anonymity. Ephemera: Theory & Politics in Organization, 17(2), 241\u2013258.","journal-title":"Ephemera: Theory & Politics in Organization"},{"key":"13903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banson, J., & Hardin, C. D. (2022). Assessing student participation and engagement using discord. In 2022 IEEE 46th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (pp. 1299\u20131305). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC54236.2022.00205"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2019.1583672","volume":"44","author":"S Bayne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bayne, S., Connelly, L., Grover, C., Osborne, N., Tobin, R., Beswick, E., & Rouhani, L. (2019). The social value of anonymity on campus: A study of the decline of Yik Yak. Learning, Media and Technology, 44(2), 92\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439884.2019.1583672","journal-title":"Learning, Media and Technology"},{"key":"13903_CR8","unstructured":"Bens, S. L. (2010). Senior education students\u2019 understandings of academic honesty and dishonesty [Ph.D., The University of Saskatchewan (Canada)]. http:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/1288916147\/abstract\/8D91FC8A97DD4589PQ\/5"},{"key":"13903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Birnholtz, J., Merola, N. A. R., & Paul, A. (2015). Is it Weird to still be a virgin: Anonymous, locally targeted questions on Facebook confession boards. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2613\u20132622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702410","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702410"},{"key":"13903_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.043","volume":"57","author":"EW Black","year":"2016","unstructured":"Black, E. W., Mezzina, K., & Thompson, L. A. (2016). Anonymous social media \u2013 Understanding the content and context of Yik Yak. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 17\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.043","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"13903_CR11","unstructured":"Bowers, W. J. (1966). Student dishonesty and its control in college [Ph.D., Columbia University]. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/302212913\/citation\/A5A35B604BE7481APQ\/1"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03216825","volume":"32","author":"M Brimble","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brimble, M., & Stevenson-Clarke, P. (2005). Perceptions of the prevalence and seriousness of academic dishonesty in Australian universities. The Australian Educational Researcher, 32(3), 19\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03216825","journal-title":"The Australian Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"10","key":"13903_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800417731081","volume":"23","author":"C Byrne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Byrne, C. (2017). Anonymous social media and qualitative inquiry: Methodological considerations and implications for using Yik Yak as a qualitative data source. Qualitative Inquiry, 23(10), 799\u2013807.","journal-title":"Qualitative Inquiry"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-016-0149-x","volume":"61","author":"J Carpenter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carpenter, J., & Green, T. (2017). Connecting and engaging with students through group me. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 61(1), 89\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-016-0149-x","journal-title":"TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning"},{"key":"13903_CR15","unstructured":"Carrasco, M. (2022). The return of Yik Yak. Inside Higher Ed. https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2022\/03\/07\/yik-yak-re-emerges-after-shutdown"},{"key":"13903_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, J. Y., & Lee, E. H. (2014). Reducing confusion about grounded theory and qualitative content analysis: Similarities and differences. Qualitative report, 19(32).","DOI":"10.46743\/2160-3715\/2014.1028"},{"key":"13903_CR17","volume-title":"Detecting and preventing classroom cheating: Promoting integrity in assessment","author":"GJ Cizek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cizek, G. J. (2003). Detecting and preventing classroom cheating: Promoting integrity in assessment. Corwin Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/08934215.2019.1607516","volume":"32","author":"CV Clark-Gordon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark-Gordon, C. V., Bowman, N. D., Goodboy, A. K., & Wright, A. (2019). Anonymity and online self-disclosure: A meta-analysis. Communication Reports, 32(2), 98\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08934215.2019.1607516","journal-title":"Communication Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305117715696","volume":"3","author":"CV Clark-Gordon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark-Gordon, C. V., Workman, K. E., & Linvill, D. L. (2017). College students and Yik Yak: An exploratory mixed-methods study. Social Media + Society, 3(2), Article 2056305117715696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2056305117715696","journal-title":"Social Media + Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"13903_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2308\/ISSUES-2021-059","volume":"38","author":"JK Conaway","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conaway, J. K., & Wiesen, T. (2023). Academic dishonesty in online accounting assessments\u2014Evidence on the use of academic resource sites. Issues in Accounting Education, 38(4), 45\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/ISSUES-2021-059","journal-title":"Issues in Accounting Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"13903_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/00128775.2022.2114913","volume":"60","author":"E Denisova-Schmidt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Denisova-Schmidt, E., Huber, M., & Prytula, Y. (2022). Perceived anonymity and cheating in an online experiment. Eastern European Economics, 60(6), 540\u2013558.","journal-title":"Eastern European Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1145\/782941.783000","volume":"35","author":"M Dick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dick, M., Sheard, J., Bareiss, C., Carter, J., Joyce, D., Harding, T., & Laxer, C. (2002). Addressing student cheating: Definitions and solutions. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 35(2), 172\u2013184.","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bulletin"},{"key":"13903_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2023.100336","volume":"12","author":"MJ Dino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dino, M. J., Vital, J. C., Patricio, C., Catajan, M. W., Ong, I., Gallardo, A., Macaspac, R., deVera, O., Santos, F., Augustin, P., Ragmac, I., & Tablizo, A. (2023). Charting the uncharted: Mapping scientific publications on online disinhibition effect in the digital space via bibliometrics and network analyses. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 12, Article 100336.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/13607804211019760","volume":"27","author":"L Eklund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eklund, L., von Essen, E., Jonsson, F., & Johansson, M. (2022). Beyond a dichotomous understanding of online anonymity: Bridging the macro and micro level. Sociological Research Online, 27(2), 486\u2013503.","journal-title":"Sociological Research Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40979-024-00178-z","volume":"21","author":"Y Eshet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eshet, Y. (2025). Examining the dynamics of plagiarism: A comparative analysis before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 21(1), Article 3.","journal-title":"International Journal for Educational Integrity"},{"key":"13903_CR100","unstructured":"Facts and statistics. (n.d.). International Center for Academic Integrity. https:\/\/academicintegrity.org\/aws\/ICAI\/pt\/sp\/facts"},{"key":"13903_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2024.2437057","author":"E Felski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Felski, E. (2025). Have students\u2019 perceptions of cheating changed post-pandemic? Studies in Higher Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03075079.2024.2437057","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000725","volume":"115","author":"CJ Fong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fong, C. J., Gonzales, C., Hill-Troglin Cox, C., & Shinn, H. B. (2023). Academic help-seeking and achievement of postsecondary students: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(1), 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/edu0000725","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"13903_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frith, J., & Saker, M. (2017). Understanding Yik yak: Location-based sociability and the communication of place. First Monday, 22(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5210\/fm.v22i10.7442","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v22i10.7442"},{"key":"13903_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37514\/PRA-B.2019.0230","volume-title":"Coding streams of language: Techniques for the systematic coding of text, talk, and other verbal data","author":"C Geisler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geisler, C., & Swarts, J. (2019). Coding streams of language: Techniques for the systematic coding of text, talk, and other verbal data. The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37514\/PRA-B.2019.0230"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-020-09252-0","volume":"33","author":"J Giblin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giblin, J., Stefaniak, J., Eckhoff, A., & Tian, L. (2021). An exploration of factors influencing the decision-making process and selection of academic help sources. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-020-09252-0","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"key":"13903_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccedu.2020.100671","volume":"52","author":"J Golden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golden, J., & Kohlbeck, M. (2020). Addressing cheating when using test bank questions in online classes. Journal of Accounting Education, 52, Article 100671.","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting Education"},{"key":"13903_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenhalgh, S., Koehler, M., Rosenberg, J., & Staudt Willet, K. B. (2020). Considerations for using social media data in learning design and technology research. Research methods in learning design and technology (pp. 64\u201377). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429260919-5"},{"key":"13903_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenhow, C., & Lewin, C. (2019). Social media and education: Reconceptualizing the boundaries of formal and informal learning. Social Media and Education (pp. 6\u201330). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315121697-2"},{"key":"13903_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ProComm52174.2021.00018","author":"S Gunning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunning, S. (2021). Post-secondary science students\u2019 use of groupme messaging app: A visual ethnography. 2021 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ProComm52174.2021.00018","journal-title":"2021 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm)"},{"key":"13903_CR35","unstructured":"Hayman, R., Smith, E. E., & Storrs, H. (2019). Information behaviour of undergraduate students using Facebook Confessions for educational purposes [Text]. University of Bor\u00e5s. http:\/\/informationr.net\/ir\/24-3\/rails\/rails1809.html"},{"key":"13903_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0092055x251344934","author":"CM Huggins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huggins, C. M. (2025). GroupMe use and misuse: A qualitative study of student use of group chat apps. Teaching Sociology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0092055x251344934","journal-title":"Teaching Sociology"},{"key":"13903_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47678\/cjhe.v36i2.183537","author":"JMC Hughes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hughes, J. M. C., & McCabe, D. L. (2006). Academic misconduct within higher education in Canada. Canadian Journal of Higher Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47678\/cjhe.v36i2.183537","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Higher Education"},{"key":"13903_CR38","unstructured":"Hynes (2017). Use of GroupMe app leads to code of conduct violations. Thelantern.Com. https:\/\/www.thelantern.com\/2017\/11\/use-of-groupme-app-leads-to-code-of-conduct-violations\/"},{"key":"13903_CR39","unstructured":"International Center for Academic Integrity (2024). Facts and statistics.\u00a0https:\/\/academicintegrity.org\/resources\/facts-and-statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.51817\/jpdr.v5i2.1357","volume":"5","author":"K Juliati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Juliati, K., Nugroho, S., & Qorifah, N. N. (2025). Online disinhibition and anonymity in adolescent TikTok discourse: Implications for cyberbullying and digital education. Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research, 5(2), 163\u2013173.","journal-title":"Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2010.00387.x","volume":"27","author":"R Junco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Junco, R., Heiberger, G., & Loken, E. (2011). The effect of Twitter on college student engagement and grades. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(2), 119\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2010.00387.x","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-476X(02)00012-7","volume":"28","author":"SA Karabenick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Karabenick, S. A. (2003). Seeking help in large college classes: A person-centered approach. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 28(1), 37\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0361-476X(02)00012-7","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"13903_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karabenick, S. A., & Gonida, E. N. (2017). Academic help seeking as a self-regulated learning strategy: Current issues, future directions. Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance, 2nd ed (pp. 421\u2013433). Routledge\/Taylor & Francis Group.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315697048-27"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.80.3.406","volume":"80","author":"SA Karabenick","year":"1988","unstructured":"Karabenick, S. A., & Knapp, J. R. (1988). Help seeking and the need for academic assistance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 406\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0663.80.3.406","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.83.2.221","volume":"83","author":"SA Karabenick","year":"1991","unstructured":"Karabenick, S. A., & Knapp, J. R. (1991). Relationship of academic help seeking to the use of learning strategies and other instrumental achievement behavior in college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(2), 221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0663.83.2.221","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"13903_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203726563","volume-title":"Help seeking in academic settings: Goals, groups, and contexts","author":"SA Karabenick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karabenick, S. A., & Newman, R. S. (2013). Help seeking in academic settings: Goals, groups, and contexts. Routledge."},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11575\/cpai.v5i2.75649","volume":"5","author":"LN Kennette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kennette, L. N., & Jelenic, M. (2023). Cheating: It depends how you define it. Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity, 5(2), Article 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11575\/cpai.v5i2.75649","journal-title":"Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.01.008","volume":"48","author":"A Kitsantas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kitsantas, A., & Chow, A. (2007). College students\u2019 perceived threat and preference for seeking help in traditional, distributed, and distance learning environments. Computers & Education, 48(3), 383\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.01.008","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR49","first-page":"223","volume":"29","author":"JR Knapp","year":"1988","unstructured":"Knapp, J. R., & Karabenick, S. A. (1988). Incidence of formal and informal academic help-seeking in higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 29(3), 223\u2013227.","journal-title":"Journal of College Student Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/87567555.2021.1940813","volume":"70","author":"JL Krienert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krienert, J. L., Walsh, J. A., & Cannon, K. D. (2022). Changes in the tradecraft of cheating: Technological advances in academic dishonesty. College Teaching, 70(3), 309\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87567555.2021.1940813","journal-title":"College Teaching"},{"issue":"7","key":"13903_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2014.956683","volume":"40","author":"RK Ladyshewsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ladyshewsky, R. K. (2015). Post-graduate student performance in \u2018supervised in-class\u2019 vs. \u2018unsupervised online\u2019 multiple choice tests: Implications for cheating and test security. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(7), 883\u2013897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02602938.2014.956683","journal-title":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"13903_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J. S., Yang, S., Munson, A. L., & Donzo, L. (2017). What people do on Yik Yak: analyzing anonymous microblogging user behaviors. In Social Computing and Social Media. Applications and Analytics: 9th International Conference, SCSM 2017, Held as Part of HCI International 2017, Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 9\u201314, 2017, Proceedings, Part II 9 (pp. 416\u2013428). Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58562-8_32"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/109804821001400107","volume":"14","author":"C Lego Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lego Mu\u00f1oz, C., & Towner, T. L. (2010). Social networks: Facebook\u2019s role in the advertising classroom. Journal of Advertising Education, 14(1), 20\u201327.","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/19322909.2017.1406835","volume":"12","author":"B Lewter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewter, B., & Profit, S. (2018). Talk back with Yik yak? Exploring user engagement via anonymous social media in an academic library. Journal of Web Librarianship, 12(2), 107\u2013120.","journal-title":"Journal of Web Librarianship"},{"issue":"8","key":"13903_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13080637","volume":"13","author":"R Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, R., Che Hassan, N., & Saharuddin, N. (2023). College student\u2019s academic help-seeking behavior: A systematic literature review. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), Article 637.","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"13903_CR56","unstructured":"Lowry, J. (2020). Ethical issues in academic resource sharing. Ethical use of technology in digital learning environments: Graduate student perspectives."},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/17439880902923606","volume":"34","author":"C Madge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madge, C., Meek, J., Wellens, J., & Hooley, T. (2009). Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university: \u2018It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work.\u2019 Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 141\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439880902923606","journal-title":"Learning, Media and Technology"},{"key":"13903_CR58","unstructured":"Makara, K. A., & Karabenick, S. A. (2013). Characterizing sources of academic help in the age of expanding educational technology: A new conceptual framework. Advances in Help-Seeking Research and Applications: the Role of Emerging Technologies, 37\u201372."},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/00091383.1996.10544253","volume":"28","author":"DL McCabe","year":"1996","unstructured":"McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1996). What we know about cheating in college longitudinal trends and recent developments. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 28(1), 28\u201333.","journal-title":"Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327019EB1103_2","volume":"11","author":"DL McCabe","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCabe, D. L., Trevi\u00f1o, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (2001). Cheating in academic institutions: A decade of research. Ethics & Behavior, 11(3), 219\u2013232.","journal-title":"Ethics & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59390\/LXMJ2920","volume":"20","author":"PJ Miles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miles, P. J., Campbell, M., & Ruxton, G. D. (2022). Why students cheat and how understanding this can help reduce the frequency of academic misconduct in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 20(2), Article A150.","journal-title":"Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR62","first-page":"258","volume":"52","author":"JA Morrow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrow, J. A., Nadel, S., & Moret, L. (2018). College students\u2019 postings on Yik Yak: Is it all negative? College Student Journal, 52(2), 258\u2013264.","journal-title":"College Student Journal"},{"key":"13903_CR63","unstructured":"Moten, J., Jr., Fitterer, A., Brazier, E., Leonard, J., & Brown, A. (2013). Examining online college cyber cheating methods and prevention measures. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 11(2), 139\u2013146."},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(81)90019-8","volume":"1","author":"S Nelson-LeGall","year":"1981","unstructured":"Nelson-LeGall, S. (1981). Help-seeking: An understudied problem-solving skill in children. Developmental Review, 1(3), 224\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0273-2297(81)90019-8","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"13903_CR65","unstructured":"Norris, M. (2019). University online cheating\u2014How to mitigate the damage. Research in Higher Education Journal, 37. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ1233121"},{"key":"13903_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Northcut, K. M. (2015). Dark side or insight? Yik Yak and culture on campus. 2015 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC), 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IPCC.2015.7235779","DOI":"10.1109\/IPCC.2015.7235779"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/09639284.2011.590012","volume":"21","author":"HM O'Neill","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, H. M., & Pfeiffer, C. A. (2012). The impact of honour codes and perceptions of cheating on academic cheating behaviours, especially for MBA bound undergraduates. Accounting Education, 21(3), 231\u2013245.","journal-title":"Accounting Education"},{"key":"13903_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1349835","volume":"15","author":"O Ozdemir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozdemir, O., & Seckin, H. (2024). Quantifying cognitive and affective impacts of Quizlet on learning outcomes: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1349835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1349835","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"13903_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10805-024-09551-6","author":"E Pickering","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pickering, E., & Schuller, C. (2024). Chegg\u2019s growth, response rate, and prevalence as a cheating tool: Insights from an audit within an Australian engineering school. Journal of Academic Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10805-024-09551-6","journal-title":"Journal of Academic Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2003.11777196","volume":"74","author":"HS Pincus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pincus, H. S., & Schmelkin, L. P. (2003). Faculty perceptions of academic dishonesty: A multidimensional scaling analysis. Journal of Higher Education, 74(2), 196\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00221546.2003.11777196","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.79.2.200","volume":"79","author":"E Price","year":"2018","unstructured":"Price, E. (2018). Should we Yak back? Information seeking among Yik Yak users on a university campus. College & Research Libraries, 79(2), 200.","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-018-0100-7","volume":"15","author":"A Qayyum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qayyum, A. (2018). Student help-seeking attitudes and behaviors in a digital era. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), Article 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-018-0100-7","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2016.1145058","volume":"27","author":"AB Redding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Redding, A. B. (2017). Fighting back against achievement culture: Cheating as an act of rebellion in a high-pressure secondary school. Ethics & Behavior, 27(2), 155\u2013172.","journal-title":"Ethics & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026838","volume":"138","author":"M Richardson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of university students\u2019 academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 353.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/19322909.2016.1236001","volume":"11","author":"M Robison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robison, M., & Connell, R. S. (2017). Harnessing Yik Yak for good: A study of students\u2019 anonymous library feedback. Journal of Web Librarianship, 11(1), 35\u201355.","journal-title":"Journal of Web Librarianship"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2010.03.002","volume":"13","author":"MD Roblyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., & Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 134\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2010.03.002","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/026999300378941","volume":"14","author":"J Sabini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sabini, J., Siepmann, M., Stein, J., & Meyerowitz, M. (2000). Who is embarrassed by what? Cognition and Emotion, 14(2), 213\u2013240.","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"13903_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2021.1946559","volume":"46","author":"B Sacks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sacks, B., Gressier, C., & Maldon, J. (2021). #REALTALK: Facebook confessions pages as a data resource for academic and student support services at universities. Learning, Media and Technology, 46(4), 550\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439884.2021.1946559","journal-title":"Learning, Media and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.24191\/ajue.v20i3.27869","volume":"20","author":"AD Samala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Fortuna, A., Feng, X., Prasetya, F., Ozsavas Ulucay, N., Jaya, P., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Social media in education: Trends, roles, challenges, and opportunities for digital-native generations\u2013A systematic literature review. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(3), 524\u2013539.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of University Education"},{"key":"13903_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saveski, M., Chou, S., & Roy, D. (2016). Tracking the Yak: an empirical study of Yik Yak. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 671\u2013674).","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v10i1.14813"},{"issue":"4","key":"13903_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1353\/hsj.2010.0001","volume":"93","author":"LP Schmelkin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmelkin, L. P., Gilbert, K. A., & Silva, R. (2010). Multidimensional scaling of high school students\u2019 perceptions of academic dishonesty. The High School Journal, 93(4), 156\u2013165.","journal-title":"The High School Journal"},{"key":"13903_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoenebeck, S. (2013). The secret life of online moms: Anonymity and disinhibition on youbemom. com. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 555\u2013562).","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v7i1.14379"},{"issue":"5","key":"13903_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0250","volume":"25","author":"RA Scott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scott, R. A., Stuart, J., & Barber, B. L. (2022). What predicts online disinhibition? Examining perceptions of protection and control online and the moderating role of social anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(5), 294\u2013300.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"13903_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.11.047","volume":"124","author":"KC Seigfried-Spellar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seigfried-Spellar, K. C., & Lankford, C. M. (2018). Personality and online environment factors differ for posters, trolls, lurkers, and confessors on Yik Yak. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 54\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2017.11.047","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"13903_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpser, A. (2017). When do sensitive survey questions elicit truthful answers? Theory and evidence with application to the RRT and the list experiment. Theory and Evidence with Application to the RRT and the List Experiment (August 25, 2017).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3032684"},{"issue":"7","key":"13903_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2024.2349290","volume":"43","author":"C Slade","year":"2024","unstructured":"Slade, C., Curtis, G. J., & Thomson, S. (2024). Understanding how and why students use academic file-sharing and homework-help websites: Implications for academic integrity. Higher Education Research & Development, 43(7), 1586\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2024.2349290","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development"},{"key":"13903_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473983847","volume-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods","author":"L Sloan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sloan, L., & Quan-Haase, A. (2016). The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods. SAGE Publications Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781473983847"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR88","first-page":"129","volume":"15","author":"EB Stern","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stern, E. B., & Havlicek, L. (1986). Academic misconduct: Results of faculty and undergraduate student surveys. Journal of Allied Health, 15(2), 129\u2013142.","journal-title":"Journal of Allied Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"13903_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/1094931041291295","volume":"7","author":"J Suler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/1094931041291295","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"13903_CR90","first-page":"579","volume":"51","author":"S Tolman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tolman, S. (2017). Academic dishonesty in online courses: Considerations for graduate preparatory programs in higher education. College Student Journal, 51(4), 579.","journal-title":"College Student Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0270467617738902","volume":"37","author":"JM Vaterlaus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vaterlaus, J. M. (2017). Yik yak: An exploratory study of college student uses and gratifications. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 37(1), 23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0270467617738902","journal-title":"Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"13903_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2022.2026775","volume":"33","author":"T Waltzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waltzer, T., & Dahl, A. (2023). Why do students cheat? Perceptions, evaluations, and motivations. Ethics & Behavior, 33(2), 130\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508422.2022.2026775","journal-title":"Ethics & Behavior"},{"key":"13903_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, G., Wang, B., Wang, T., Nika, A., Zheng, H., & Zhao, B. Y. (2014). Whispers in the dark: Analysis of an anonymous social network. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference (pp. 137\u2013149). Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2663716.2663728","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663728"},{"key":"13903_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2023.107352","volume":"156","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, L., Jiang, S., Zhou, Z., Fei, W., & Wang, W. (2024). Online disinhibition and adolescent cyberbullying: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 156, Article 107352.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2b","key":"13903_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/3068755.3068757","volume":"4","author":"S West","year":"2017","unstructured":"West, S. (2017). Yik yak and the knowledge community. Communication Design Quarterly Review, 4(2b), 11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3068755.3068757","journal-title":"Communication Design Quarterly Review"},{"key":"13903_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams, G., & Mahmoud, A. (2018). Modeling user concerns in the app store: A case study on the rise and fall of Yik Yak. 2018 IEEE 26th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 64\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RE.2018.00-51","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2018.00-51"},{"key":"13903_CR97","unstructured":"Young (2021). More Students Are Using Chegg to Cheat. Is the Company Doing Enough to Stop It? - EdSurge News. EdSurge. https:\/\/www.edsurge.com\/news\/2021-02-23-more-students-are-using-chegg-to-cheat-is-the-company-doing-enough-to-stop-it"},{"issue":"4","key":"13903_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2023.2222621","volume":"49","author":"H Zayed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zayed, H. (2024). We are not cheating. We are helping each other out: \u2019Digital collective cheating in secondary education. Learning Media and Technology, 49(4), 544\u2013562.","journal-title":"Learning Media and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"13903_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02023-6","volume":"20","author":"B Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng, B., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Self-regulated learning: The effect on medical student learning outcomes in a flipped classroom environment. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-020-02023-6","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13903-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13903-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13903-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:55:15Z","timestamp":1779494115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13903-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["13903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13903-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}