{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:59:44Z","timestamp":1781715584756,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Generative AI (GenAI) is rapidly transforming creative fields, raising critical questions about its impact on artistic identity and authorship, which also influence art education. While studies have explored GenAI adoption, the diversity of art students\u2019 subjective perspectives on collaborating with these tools remains under-examined. This study uses Q methodology, a mixed-methods approach to investigating subjectivity, to explore the distinct perspectives art students hold regarding their creative identity when collaborating with GenAI. We conducted a Q study with 40 university students from various art-related disciplines (e.g., visual arts, design, music, animation) across different academic levels. Participants sorted 42 statements reflecting diverse viewpoints on GenAI collaboration, authorship, ethics, and creative control. By-person factor analysis revealed five distinct perspectives: (1) Human-centered directors, who treat GenAI as a tool under strong human intention; (2) Authorship guardians, who resist AI co-authorship and prioritise authenticity and ethical boundaries; (3) Conflicted co-creators, who use GenAI but struggle with ownership, disclosure, and earned pride; (4) Pragmatic integrators, who adopt GenAI for workflow efficiency while keeping craft expertise central; and (5) Enthusiastic explorers, who embrace AI\u2019s creative possibilities, open to co-agency and novel expression. These findings offer a nuanced typology of student viewpoints, moving beyond simple acceptance or rejection. We further propose a two-dimensional framework that maps these perspectives according to students\u2019 openness to GenAI and their sharing of creative agency with it. This research contributes empirical insights into how art students negotiate creative identity with GenAI, provides a valuable framework for educators to develop tailored pedagogical strategies addressing diverse student needs and concerns, and offers implications for designing more human-centered GenAI tools for creative practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-026-13914-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:58:44Z","timestamp":1772265524000},"page":"2837-2876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human-AI co-creation or conflict? Mapping art students\u2019 diverse perspectives on creative identity with genAI: A Q methodology study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9582-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingting","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tram Thi Minh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1872-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0874-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/jaac\/kpab054","volume":"79","author":"C Anscomb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anscomb, C. (2021). Creative agency as executive agency: Grounding the Artistic Significance of Automatic Images. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 79(4), 415\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jaac\/kpab054","journal-title":"The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism"},{"issue":"1","key":"13914_CR3","first-page":"13","volume":"8","author":"C Anscomb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anscomb, C. (2022). Creating art with AI. Odradek. Studies in Philosophy of Literature, Aesthetics, and Theory of Cognition, 8(1), 13\u201351.","journal-title":"Odradek. Studies in Philosophy of Literature, Aesthetics, and Theory of Cognition"},{"key":"13914_CR4","unstructured":"Apps, L. K. (2007). Artistic process: Demystifying art-making."},{"issue":"36","key":"13914_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01360","volume":"4","author":"S Banasick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Banasick, S. (2019). KADE: A desktop application for Q methodology. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(36), Article 1360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.01360","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR6","first-page":"66","volume":"25","author":"C Bartel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bartel, C. (1985). Originality and value. British Journal of Aesthetics, 25(3), 66\u201377.","journal-title":"British Journal of Aesthetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/1540_6245.jaac46.4.0477","volume":"46","author":"B Baugh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Baugh, B. (1988). Authenticity revisited. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 46(4), 477\u2013487.","journal-title":"The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/oxartj\/9.2.30","volume":"9","author":"A Benjamin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Benjamin, A. (1986). The decline of art: Benjamin\u2019s aura. Oxford Art Journal, 9(2), 30\u201335.","journal-title":"Oxford Art Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/jdh\/epn011","volume":"21","author":"P Betjemann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Betjemann, P. (2008). Craft and the limits of skill: Handicrafts revivalism and the problem of technique. Journal of Design History, 21(2), 183\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jdh\/epn011","journal-title":"Journal of Design History"},{"key":"13914_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bird, C. (2024). Artists and AI: Creative interactions and tensions. Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613905.3651041","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3651041"},{"key":"13914_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203508527","volume-title":"The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms","author":"MA Boden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boden, M. A. (2004). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms. Routledge."},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0403_1","volume":"4","author":"S Bodker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bodker, S. (1989). A human activity approach to user interfaces. Human-Computer Interaction, 4(3), 171\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327051hci0403_1","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22488\/okstate.78.100516","volume":"1","author":"SR Brown","year":"1978","unstructured":"Brown, S. R. (1978). The importance of factors in Q methodology: Statistical and theoretical considerations. Operant Subjectivity, 1(4), Article 4.","journal-title":"Operant Subjectivity"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"13914_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22488\/okstate.93.100504","volume":"16","author":"SR Brown","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brown, S. R. (1993). A primer on Q methodology. Operant Subjectivity, 16(3\/4), Article 3\/4.","journal-title":"Operant Subjectivity"},{"key":"13914_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Capel, T., & Brereton, M. (2023). What is human-centered about human-centered AI? A map of the research landscape. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3580959","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580959"},{"issue":"CSCW2","key":"13914_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555578","volume":"6","author":"B Caramiaux","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caramiaux, B., & Fdili Alaoui, S. (2022). \u2018explorers of unknown planets\u2019: Practices and politics of artificial intelligence in visual arts. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 6(CSCW2), Article 477:1-477:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3555578","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"13914_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carroll, J. M., & Olson, J. R. (1988). Mental models in human-computer Interaction1. In M. Helander (Ed.), Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 45\u201365). North-Holland. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-70536-5.50007-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-70536-5.50007-5"},{"key":"13914_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203881125","volume-title":"On criticism","author":"N Carroll","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carroll, N. (2009). On criticism. Routledge."},{"key":"13914_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203326831","volume-title":"Metaphor and continental philosophy: From kant to derrida","author":"C Cazeaux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cazeaux, C. (2007). Metaphor and continental philosophy: From kant to derrida. Routledge."},{"key":"13914_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charters, E. (2003). The Use of Think-aloud Methods in Qualitative Research An Introduction to Think-aloud Methods. Brock Education Journal, 12(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26522\/brocked.v12i2.38","DOI":"10.26522\/brocked.v12i2.38"},{"issue":"10","key":"13914_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6187","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2023.2253861","volume":"32","author":"TKF Chiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiu, T. K. F. (2024). The impact of generative AI (GenAI) on practices, policies and research direction in education: A case of ChatGPT and midjourney. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(10), 6187\u20136203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2023.2253861","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR22","first-page":"24","volume":"1","author":"J Coogan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coogan, J., & Herrington, N. (2011). Q methodology: An overview. Research in Secondary Teacher Education, 1(2), 24\u201328.","journal-title":"Research in Secondary Teacher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaesthetics\/31.4.301","volume":"31","author":"P Crowther","year":"1991","unstructured":"Crowther, P. (1991). Creativity and originality in art. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 31(4), 301\u2013309.","journal-title":"The British Journal of Aesthetics"},{"key":"13914_CR24","volume-title":"What art is","author":"AC Danto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Danto, A. C. (2013). What art is. Yale University Press."},{"key":"13914_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2018.05.025","volume":"99","author":"B De Munck","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Munck, B. (2019). Artisans as knowledge workers: Craft and creativity in a long term perspective. Geoforum, 99, 227\u2013237.","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"13914_CR26","volume-title":"The middle works, 1899\u20131924","author":"J Dewey","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dewey, J. (1976). The middle works, 1899\u20131924. SIU Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1177\/1350508416687765","volume":"24","author":"C Duff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duff, C., & Sumartojo, S. (2017). Assemblages of creativity: Material practices in the creative economy. Organization, 24(3), 418\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1350508416687765","journal-title":"Organization"},{"key":"13914_CR28","unstructured":"Economics, C. (2024). Future unscripted: The impact of generative artificial intelligence on entertainment industry jobs. Recuperado de Https:\/\/Shorturl. at\/D0vfA"},{"key":"13914_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cfl.2024.11","volume":"1","author":"L Edwards","year":"2025","unstructured":"Edwards, L., Szpotakowski, I., Cifrodelli, G., Sangar\u00e9, J., & Stewart, J. (2025). Private ordering, generative AI and the \u2018platformisation paradigm\u2019: What can we learn from comparative analysis of models terms and conditions? Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance, 1, Article e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cfl.2024.11","journal-title":"Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance"},{"issue":"6650","key":"13914_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh4451","volume":"380","author":"Z Epstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Epstein, Z., Hertzmann, A., the Investigators of Human Creativity. (2023). Art and the science of generative AI. Science, 380(6650), 1110\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh4451","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/00131857.2020.1754539","volume":"53","author":"X Eryong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eryong, X., & Li, J. (2021). What is the ultimate education task in China? Exploring strengthen moral education for cultivating people (Li De Shu Ren). Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53(2), 128\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00131857.2020.1754539","journal-title":"Educational Philosophy and Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"13914_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21432\/cjlt28618","volume":"50","author":"K Fleischmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleischmann, K. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in graphic design education: A student perspective. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 50(1), Article 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21432\/cjlt28618","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology"},{"key":"13914_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2407.19098","author":"G Fragiadakis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fragiadakis, G., Diou, C., Kousiouris, G., & Nikolaidou, M. (2025). Evaluating human-AI collaboration: A review and methodological framework. arXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2407.19098","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"5","key":"13914_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-02127-3","volume":"40","author":"G Franceschelli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Franceschelli, G., & Musolesi, M. (2025). On the creativity of large language models. AI and Society, 40(5), 3785\u20133795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-024-02127-3","journal-title":"AI and Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/15228053.2023.2233814","volume":"25","author":"F Fui-Hoon Nah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Zheng, R., Cai, J., Siau, K., & Chen, L. (2023). Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 25(3), 277\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15228053.2023.2233814","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research"},{"key":"13914_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2023.102281","volume":"74","author":"S Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu, S., Sun, Y., & Guo, Y. (2023). Revealing product innovation practitioners\u2019 perspectives on design thinking: An exploratory research using Q-sort methodology. Technology in Society, 74, Article 102281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2023.102281","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"13914_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ganguli, D., Hernandez, D., Lovitt, L., Askell, A., Bai, Y., Chen, A., Conerly, T., Dassarma, N., Drain, D., Elhage, N., El Showk, S., Fort, S., Hatfield-Dodds, Z., Henighan, T., Johnston, S., Jones, A., Joseph, N., Kernian, J., Kravec, S., & Clark, J. (2022). Predictability and surprise in large generative models. Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency, 1747-1764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3531146.3533229","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533229"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/14606925.2024.2435703","volume":"28","author":"W Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao, W., Mei, Y., Duh, H., & Zhou, Z. (2025). Envisioning the incorporation of generative artificial intelligence into future product design education: Insights from practitioners, educators, and students. The Design Journal, 28(2), 346\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14606925.2024.2435703","journal-title":"The Design Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2024.2354622","volume":"37","author":"MB Garcia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garcia, M. B. (2025). The paradox of artificial creativity: Challenges and opportunities of generative AI artistry. Creativity Research Journal, 37(4), 755\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10400419.2024.2354622","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"key":"13914_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5325\/j.ctv14gp9k0","volume-title":"All About Process: The Theory and Discourse of Modern Artistic Labor","author":"K Grant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grant, K. (2017). All About Process: The Theory and Discourse of Modern Artistic Labor. Penn State Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2023.123555","volume":"10","author":"C Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, C., Lu, Y., Dou, Y., & Wang, F.-Y. (2023). Can ChatGPT boost artistic creation: The need of imaginative intelligence for parallel art. IEEE\/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 10(4), 835\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JAS.2023.123555","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica"},{"key":"13914_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2505.14363","author":"M Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, M., Han, J., Gao, Z., Zhuang, Y., & Wu, X. (2025). Human and machine as seen at the co-creation age: A co-word analysis in human machine co-creation (2014\u20132024). arXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2505.14363","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-024-09694-w","volume":"34","author":"T Hagendorff","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T. (2024). Mapping the ethics of generative AI: A comprehensive scoping review. Minds and Machines, 34(4), Article 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-024-09694-w","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"issue":"5","key":"13914_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/10778004221080219","volume":"28","author":"DX Harris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harris, D. X., & Rousell, D. (2022). Posthuman creativities: Pluralist ecologies and the question of how. Qualitative Inquiry, 28(5), 427\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778004221080219","journal-title":"Qualitative Inquiry"},{"issue":"1","key":"13914_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.04.008","volume":"18","author":"R Haua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haua, R., Wolf, A., Harrison, J., & Aspden, T. (2022). Q methodology: An underutilised tool in pharmacy practice research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 18(1), 2178\u20132183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.04.008","journal-title":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"},{"key":"13914_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-025-00494-9","author":"R Heigl","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heigl, R. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence in creative contexts: A systematic review and future research agenda. Management Review Quarterly. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11301-025-00494-9","journal-title":"Management Review Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"13914_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sheji.2024.11.002","volume":"10","author":"R Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez, R., & Ferreira, J. B. (2024). The future end of design work: A critical overview of managerialism, generative AI, and the nature of knowledge work, and why craft remains relevant. She Ji: The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation, 10(4), 414\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sheji.2024.11.002","journal-title":"She Ji: The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation"},{"key":"13914_CR48","volume-title":"The cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning","author":"K Holyoak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holyoak, K., & Morrison, R. (2005). The cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"13914_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horvitz, E. (1999). Principles of mixed-initiative user interfaces. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/302979.303030","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303030"},{"key":"13914_CR109","unstructured":"Huang, K., Huang, Y., Wang, X., Lin, Z., Ning, X., Wan, P., ... & Liu, X. (2025). Filmaster: Bridging cinematic principles and generative ai for automated film generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.18899."},{"issue":"1","key":"13914_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54517\/m.v4i1.2164","volume":"4","author":"J Hutson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hutson, J., & Cotroneo, P. (2023). Generative AI tools in art education: Exploring prompt engineering and iterative processes for enhanced creativity. Metaverse, 4(1), Article 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54517\/m.v4i1.2164","journal-title":"Metaverse"},{"key":"13914_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu, X., Xing, Y., Cai, X., Zhao, Y., Cook, M., Borgo, R., & Neate, T. (2025). Designing Interactions with Generative AI for Art and Creativity: A Systematic Review and Taxonomy. Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1126-1155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3715336.3735843","DOI":"10.1145\/3715336.3735843"},{"key":"13914_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inie, N., Falk, J., & Tanimoto, S. (2023). Designing participatory AI: Creative professionals\u2019 worries and expectations about generative AI. Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544549.3585657","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585657"},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.5456\/WPLL.26.3.250","volume":"26","author":"T James","year":"2024","unstructured":"James, T., & Andrews, G. (2024). Levelling the playing field through GenAI: Harnessing artificial intelligence to bridge educational gaps for equity and disadvantaged students. Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, 26(3), 250\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5456\/WPLL.26.3.250","journal-title":"Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning"},{"key":"13914_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasanoff, S. (2015). Future imperfect: Science, technology, and the imaginations of modernity. Dreamscapes of Modernity: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power, 1\u201333.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226276663.003.0001"},{"key":"13914_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang, H. H., Brown, L., Cheng, J., Khan, M., Gupta, A., Workman, D., Hanna, A., Flowers, J., & Gebru, T. (2023). AI art and its impact on artists. Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 363\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3600211.3604681","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604681"},{"key":"13914_CR56","unstructured":"Kantosalo, A., & Toivonen, H. (2016). Modes for creative human-computer collaboration: Alternating and task-divided co-creativity. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computational Creativity, 77\u201384."},{"key":"13914_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kawakami, R., & Venkatagiri, S. (2024). The impact of generative AI on artists. Creativity and Cognition, 79\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3635636.3664263","DOI":"10.1145\/3635636.3664263"},{"key":"13914_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, T., Molina, M. D., Rheu, M. (MJ), Zhan, E. S., & Peng, W. (2023). One AI does not fit all: A cluster analysis of the laypeople\u2019s perception of AI roles. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3581340","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581340"},{"key":"13914_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100225","volume":"6","author":"N Knoth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Knoth, N., Tolzin, A., Janson, A., & Leimeister, J. M. (2024). AI literacy and its implications for prompt engineering strategies. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100225","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"13914_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2506.08872","author":"N Kosmyna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kosmyna, N., Hauptmann, E., Yuan, Y. T., Situ, J., Liao, X.-H., Beresnitzky, A. V., Braunstein, I., & Maes, P. (2025). Your brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of cognitive debt when using an AI assistant for essay writing task. arXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2506.08872","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2190\/NDR5-G09N-X7RE-34H7","volume":"22","author":"A Kozbelt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kozbelt, A. (2004). Originality and Technical Skill as Components of Artistic Quality. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 22(2), 157\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/NDR5-G09N-X7RE-34H7","journal-title":"Empirical Studies of the Arts"},{"key":"13914_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2405.14966","author":"J Lahikainen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lahikainen, J., Ady, N. M., & Guckelsberger, C. (2024). Creativity and Markov decision processes. arXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2405.14966","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"13914_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lana, M. (2022). & others. Artificial intelligence systems and problems of the concept of author. Reflections on a recent book. JLIS. It, 13(2), 13\u201344.","DOI":"10.36253\/jlis.it-458"},{"key":"13914_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, S., Kim, T., & Moon, W. K. (2025). Does GenAI deplete us? The effects of using GenAI for writing on identity and ego depletion. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706599.3719875","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719875"},{"key":"13914_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, C. (2021). From Involution to Education: A Glance to Chinese Young Generation. 1884\u20131887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/assehr.k.211220.320","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.211220.320"},{"key":"13914_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, J., Cao, H., Lin, L., Hou, Y., Zhu, R., & Ali, E. (2024). A. User experience design professionals\u2019 perceptions of generative artificial intelligence. Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642114","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642114"},{"key":"13914_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14626268.2023.2236595","author":"J Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim, J., Leinonen, T., Lipponen, L., Lee, H., DeVita, J., & Murray, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence as relational artifacts in creative learning. Digital Creativity. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14626268.2023.2236595. https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/","journal-title":"Digital Creativity"},{"key":"13914_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, L., Chen, X., Wen, R., Li, T. J. J., & Ray, L. C. (2024). Sketchar: Supporting character design and illustration prototyping using generative AI. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 8(CHI), 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1145\/3677102"},{"key":"13914_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin, P. Y., Andersen, K., Schmidt, R., Schoenmakers, S., Hofmeyer, H., Pauwels, P., & Ijsselsteijn, W. (2024). Text-to-image AI as a catalyst for semantic convergence in creative collaborations. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 2753\u20132767). Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3643834.3661543","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661543"},{"issue":"0","key":"13914_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14626268.2025.2491471","volume":"0","author":"T Loivaranta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Loivaranta, T., Hautala, J., & Lundman, R. (2025). Spectrum of creative agencies in AI-based art: Analysis of art reviews. Digital Creativity, 0(0), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14626268.2025.2491471","journal-title":"Digital Creativity"},{"key":"13914_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lovato, J., Zimmerman, J. W., Smith, I., Dodds, P., & Karson, J. L. (2024). Foregrounding artist opinions: A survey study on transparency, ownership, and fairness in AI generative art. Proceedings of the AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 7, 905\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aies.v7i1.31691","DOI":"10.1609\/aies.v7i1.31691"},{"issue":"5","key":"13914_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2024.2309963","volume":"49","author":"J Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, J. (2024). A critical review of GenAI policies in higher education assessment: A call to reconsider the \u201coriginality\u201d of students\u2019 work. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 49(5), 651\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02602938.2024.2309963","journal-title":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education"},{"key":"13914_CR71","unstructured":"McComb, C. (2010). Think, record, reveal: Studio process assessment and the artistic thinking it reveals."},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1108\/13522750010322070","volume":"3","author":"SY McGorry","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGorry, S. Y. (2000). Measurement in a cross-cultural environment: Survey translation issues. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(2), 74\u201381.","journal-title":"Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal"},{"key":"13914_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483384412","volume-title":"Q methodology","author":"B McKeown","year":"2013","unstructured":"McKeown, B., & Thomas, D. B. (2013). Q methodology. SAGE Publications."},{"issue":"1","key":"13914_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13194-020-00313-w","volume":"11","author":"C Moruzzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moruzzi, C. (2020). Measuring creativity: An account of natural and artificial creativity. European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 11(1), Article 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13194-020-00313-w","journal-title":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phc3.70030","volume":"20","author":"C Moruzzi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moruzzi, C. (2025). Artificial intelligence and creativity. Philosophy Compass, 20(3), Article e70030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phc3.70030","journal-title":"Philosophy Compass"},{"key":"13914_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2025.3554248","volume":"72","author":"EWT Ngai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ngai, E. W. T., Lee, M. C. M., & Kei, B. C. W. (2025). A generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) system for fashion design: A case study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 72, 1320\u20131333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TEM.2025.3554248","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"key":"13914_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100020","volume":"2","author":"F Ouyang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: The three paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100020","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"13914_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689815610998","volume":"10","author":"S Ramlo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramlo, S. (2016). Mixed method lessons learned from 80 years of Q methodology. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(1), 28\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1558689815610998","journal-title":"Journal of Mixed Methods Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22488\/okstate.11.100594","volume":"34","author":"SE Ramlo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramlo, S. E., & Newman, I. (2011). Q methodology and its position in the mixed-methods continuum. Operant Subjectivity, 34(3), Article 3.","journal-title":"Operant Subjectivity"},{"issue":"3","key":"13914_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2024.101041","volume":"22","author":"T Rasul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Balaji, M. S., Santini, F., Ladeira, W. J., Rather, R. A., Yasin, N., Rodriguez, R. V., Kokkalis, P., Murad, M. W., & Hossain, M. U. (2024). Enhancing academic integrity among students in GenAI era: A holistic framework. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), Article 101041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijme.2024.101041","journal-title":"The International Journal of Management Education"},{"key":"13914_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rezwana, J., & Maher, M. L. (2023). User perspectives on ethical challenges in human-AI co-creativity: A design fiction study. Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Creativity and Cognition, 62-74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3591196.3593364","DOI":"10.1145\/3591196.3593364"},{"issue":"7","key":"13914_CR82","first-page":"305","volume":"42","author":"M Rhodes","year":"1961","unstructured":"Rhodes, M. (1961). An analysis of creativity. Phi Delta Kappan, 42(7), 305\u2013310.","journal-title":"Phi Delta Kappan"},{"key":"13914_CR84","unstructured":"Sandhaus, H., Gu, Q., Parreira, M. T., & Ju, W. (2024). Student reflections on self-initiated GenAI use in HCI education. arXiv Preprint arXiv:2410.14048."},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics11020037","volume":"11","author":"S S\u00e1ez-Velasco","year":"2024","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez-Velasco, S., Alaguero-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Delgado-Benito, V., & Rodr\u00edguez-Cano, S. (2024). Analysing the impact of generative AI in arts education: A cross-disciplinary perspective of educators and students in higher education. Informatics, 11(2), Article 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/informatics11020037","journal-title":"Informatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"13914_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1741118","volume":"36","author":"B Shneiderman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable, safe & trustworthy. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 36(6), 495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2020.1741118","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR86","first-page":"126","volume":"10","author":"R Siegle","year":"1983","unstructured":"Siegle, R. (1983). The concept of the author in Barthes, Foucault, and Fowles. College Literature, 10(2), 126\u2013138.","journal-title":"College Literature"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/14626268.2014.932289","volume":"26","author":"J Stefan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stefan, J.,and, & Brown, A. R. (2015). Generative music video composition: Using automation to extend creative practice. Digital Creativity, 26(2), 110\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14626268.2014.932289","journal-title":"Digital Creativity"},{"key":"13914_CR88","volume-title":"The study of behavior; Q-technique and its methodology","author":"W Stephenson","year":"1953","unstructured":"Stephenson, W. (1953). The study of behavior; Q-technique and its methodology. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"13914_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2025.102198","volume":"92","author":"Y Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun, Y. (2025). Unveiling Chinese youth students\u2019 AI adoption goals and experiences: An achievement goal theory (AGT) perspective. Learning and Motivation, 92, Article 102198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lmot.2025.102198","journal-title":"Learning and Motivation"},{"key":"13914_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Jang, E., Ma, F., & Wang, T. (2024). Generative AI in the wild: Prospects, challenges, and strategies. Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642160","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642160"},{"key":"13914_CR91","unstructured":"TEDx Talks (Director) (2023). The problem with AI-generated art | steven zapata | TEDxBerkeley [Video recording]. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=exuogrLHyxQ"},{"key":"13914_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmh.2024.100253","volume":"10","author":"A Thumvichit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thumvichit, A., & Phanthaphoommee, N. (2024). From basic care to beyond: A Q methodology study into the English communication needs among Thai caregivers of foreign older adults. Journal of Migration and Health, 10, Article 100253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmh.2024.100253","journal-title":"Journal of Migration and Health"},{"key":"13914_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uusitalo, S., Salovaara, A., Jokela, T., & Salmimaa, M. (2024). clay to play with: Generative AI tools in UX and industrial design practice. Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1566-1578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3643834.3661624","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661624"},{"key":"13914_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2025.106372","volume":"210","author":"R Verhoeven","year":"2025","unstructured":"Verhoeven, R., Kooi, E. M. W., Obermann-Borst, S. A., Labrie, N. H. M., Geurtzen, R., Verhagen, A. A. E., & Hulscher, J. B. F. (2025). Empowering parents in neonatal decision making using Q-methodology: Development of a decision guidance framework for necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Human Development, 210, Article 106372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2025.106372","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"key":"13914_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EJIM-04-2024-0471","author":"F Vitellaro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vitellaro, F., Schifilliti, V., Buratti, N., & Cesaroni, F. (2025). I won\u2019t become obsolete! Exploring the acceptance and use of GenAI by marketing professionals. European Journal of Innovation Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/EJIM-04-2024-0471","journal-title":"European Journal of Innovation Management"},{"key":"13914_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1624182","author":"A Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, A., & Wu, X. (2025). Building a triadic model of technology, motivation, and engagement: A mixed-methods study of AI teaching assistants in design theory education. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1624182","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"13914_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Shen, S., & Lim, B. Y. (2023). RePrompt: Automatic prompt editing to refine AI-generative art towards precise expressions. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3581402","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581402"},{"key":"13914_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts, S., & Stenner, P. (2012). Doing Q methodological research: Theory, method & interpretation. 1\u2013248.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446251911"},{"key":"13914_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weaver, A. (2025). Sisters, not twins: Exploring artistic control and anthropomorphism through composing with a bespoke generative AI. AI & SOCIETY, 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02291-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"13914_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2022.2107850","volume":"36","author":"R Wingstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wingstr\u00f6m, R., Hautala, J., & Lundman, R. (2024). Redefining creativity in the era of AI? Perspectives of computer scientists and new media artists. Creativity Research Journal, 36(2), 177\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10400419.2022.2107850","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"key":"13914_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, T., Terry, M., & Cai, C. J. (2022). AI chains: Transparent and controllable human-AI interaction by chaining large language model prompts. Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3517582","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517582"},{"key":"13914_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, Q., Li, M., & Cheng, F. (2025). Between regulation and accessibility: How Chinese University students navigate global and domestic generative AI. arXiv Article 2506.14377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2506.14377","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2506.14377"},{"key":"13914_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, W., Yu, Z., Liu, Y., & Ying, F. (2025). Accompany sleep: Using GenAI to create bedtime stories for mediating parent-child relationships in LBC families. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713192","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713192"},{"issue":"5","key":"13914_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-021-00735-2","volume":"83","author":"L Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, L. (2022). Student formation in higher education: A comparison and combination of Confucian xiushen (self-cultivation) and Bildung. Higher Education, 83(5), 1163\u20131180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10734-021-00735-2","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"13914_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yungting-Chen & Yafeng-Lin (2024). Feasibility study on using midjourney as a reference for industrial design form development. 2024 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISPACS62486.2024.10868227","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPACS62486.2024.10868227"},{"key":"13914_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zamfirescu-Pereira, J. D., Wong, R. Y., Hartmann, B., & Yang, Q. (2023). Why johnny can\u2019t prompt: How non-AI experts try (and fail) to design LLM prompts. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3581388","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581388"},{"key":"13914_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123716","volume":"208","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Wang, B., & Mayer, I. (2024). Understanding the social construction of the metaverse with Q methodology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 208, Article 123716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123716","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13914-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13914-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13914-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:05:11Z","timestamp":1781636711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13914-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["13914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-026-13914-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received ethical approval from the Academic Ethics Review Committee of Xihua University (Approval No. XHLL2026-K008).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in this study research project has received.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}