{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:02:51Z","timestamp":1778727771231,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electron Commer Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines the effects of China\u2019s cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) on its goods and services exports to \u2018Belt and Road\u2019 (B&amp;R) countries for the period 2000\u20132018 using a gravity model. We find that CBEC has a greater positive impact on trade in services than on trade in goods, especially after the implementation of the B&amp;R initiative. Furthermore, as the level of CBEC rises, distance tends to have a lower (higher) impact on services (goods) trade, whereas the impact on services (goods) trade increased (decreased) annually. Hence, promoting the sustainable development of CBEC can lead to increased export volumes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-021-09483-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T17:03:08Z","timestamp":1618592588000},"page":"443-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The effects of China\u2019s cross-border e-commerce on its exports: a comparative analysis of goods and services trade"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zi Hui","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Hwan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"9483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.07.021","volume":"33","author":"G Bergendahl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bergendahl, G. (2005). Models for investment in electronic commerce: Financial perspectives with empirical evidence. Omega, 33(4), 363\u2013376","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"9483_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-011-9084-2","volume":"12","author":"A G\u00f6kmen","year":"2011","unstructured":"G\u00f6kmen, A. (2011). Virtual business operations, e-commerce & its significance and the case of Turkey: Current situation and its potential. Electronic Commerce Research, 12, 31\u201351","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-019-09331-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Mou, J., Cohen, J., & Liu, Y. (2019). Understanding information system success model and valence framework in sellers\u2019 acceptance of cross-border e-commerce: A sequential multimethod approach. Electronic Commerce Research, 19, 885\u2013914","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-020-09434-z","author":"C Mi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mi, C., Wang, Y., & Xiao, L. (2020). Prediction on transaction amounts of China\u2019s CBEC with improved GM (1, 1) models based on the principle of new information priority. Electronic Commerce Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-020-09434-z","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR5","unstructured":"E-Commerce Research Center. (2020). Cross-border e-commerce database. https:\/\/www.100ec.cn\/User\/industryData.html. Accessed 8 April 2020."},{"key":"9483_CR6","unstructured":"E-Commerce Research Center. (2020). China\u2019s cross-border e-commerce market data monitoring report. http:\/\/www.100ec.cn\/zt\/2019kjscbg\/. Accessed 15 April 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"9483_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-08-2016-0241","volume":"47","author":"M Giuffrida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giuffrida, M., Mangiaracina, R., Perego, A., & Tumino, A. (2017). Cross-border B2C e-commerce to greater China and the role of logistics: A literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 47(9), 772\u2013795","journal-title":"International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management"},{"issue":"11","key":"9483_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.3390\/su9112028","volume":"9","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wang, Y., & Lee, S. H. (2017). The effect of cross-border e-commerce on China\u2019s international trade: An empirical study based on transaction cost analysis. Sustainability, 9(11), 2028","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10368-017-0375-5","volume":"15","author":"ZW Xing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xing, Z. W. (2018). The impacts of information and communications technology (ICT) and e-commerce on bilateral trade flows. International Economics and Economic Policy, 15(3), 565\u2013586","journal-title":"International Economics and Economic Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR10","first-page":"95","volume":"2","author":"A Yousefi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yousefi, A. (2018). The impact of cross-border e-commerce on international trade. International Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 2(2), 95\u2013121","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"9483_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242604044305","volume":"22","author":"KA Houghton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Houghton, K. A., & Winklhofer, H. (2004). The effect of website and e-commerce adoption on the relationship between SMEs and their exports intermediaries. International small business journal, 22(4), 369\u2013388","journal-title":"International small business journal"},{"key":"9483_CR12","first-page":"85","volume":"6","author":"A Burinskien\u0117","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burinskien\u0117, A. (2012). International trade and e-commerce in the practice of enterprises activity. European Integration Studies, 6, 85\u201393","journal-title":"European Integration Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"9483_CR13","first-page":"112","volume":"14","author":"YS Yue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yue, Y. S., & Li, B. (2019). Effects of e-commerce platforms on firm export: Evidence from China\u2019s industrial enterprises. China Economist, 14(5), 112\u2013127","journal-title":"China Economist"},{"key":"9483_CR14","unstructured":"China\u2019s Ministry of Commerce. (2020). Annual statistics on imports and exports of goods and services. http:\/\/data.mofcom.gov.cn\/index.shtml. Accessed 8 May 2020."},{"key":"9483_CR15","unstructured":"Clarke, G. R. G. (2002). Does internet connectivity affect export performance? Evidence from the transition economies. In World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) Discussion Paper No. 2002\/74. Helsinki: WIDER."},{"key":"9483_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1996(03)00059-X","volume":"62","author":"C Freund","year":"2004","unstructured":"Freund, C., & Weinhold, D. (2004). The effect of the internet on international trade. Journal of International Economics, 62, 171\u2013189","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/ei\/cbj026","volume":"44","author":"GRG Clarke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clarke, G. R. G., & Wallsten, S. J. (2006). Has the internet increased trade? Developed and developing country evidence. Economic Inquiry, 44(3), 465\u2013484","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"issue":"5","key":"9483_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571011044768","volume":"110","author":"S Bojnec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bojnec, S., & Ferto, I. (2010). Internet and international food industry trade. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 110(5), 744\u2013761","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"key":"9483_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2012.02.017","volume":"116","author":"J Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, J. (2012). Network effects on international trade. Economic Letters, 116, 199\u2013201","journal-title":"Economic Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR20","first-page":"150","volume":"10","author":"T Biswas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Biswas, T., & Kennedy, P. L. (2014). Cross-border trade in the era of the internet. Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, 10(2), 150\u2013165","journal-title":"Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development"},{"key":"9483_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osnago, A., & Tan, S. W. (2016). Disaggregating the impact of the Internet on international trade. In World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7785.","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-7785"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.2018.1493675","volume":"25","author":"ML Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, M. L., & Choi, C. H. (2019). How information and communication technology affect international trade: A comparative analysis of BRICS countries. Information Technology for Development, 25(3), 455\u2013474","journal-title":"Information Technology for Development"},{"key":"9483_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2018.11.003","volume":"138","author":"AM Fernandes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandes, A. M., Mattoo, A., Nguyen, H., & Schiffbauer, M. (2019). The internet and Chinese exports in the pre-ali baba era. Journal of Development Economics, 138, 57\u201376","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"9483_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2019.05.001","volume":"41","author":"E Rodr\u00edguez-Crespoa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Crespoa, E., & Mart\u00ednez-Zarzoso, I. (2019). The effect of ICT on trade: Does product complexity matter? Telematics and Informatics, 41, 182\u2013196","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1257\/000282802320189320","volume":"92","author":"C Freund","year":"2002","unstructured":"Freund, C., & Weinhold, D. (2002). The internet and international trade in services. American Economic Review, 92(2), 236\u2013240","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"9483_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2010.08.005","volume":"109","author":"C Choi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choi, C. (2010). The effect of the Internet on service trade. Economics Letters, 109, 102\u2013104","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"9483_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salmani, B., Pourebrahim, F., & Saremi, M. 2013.The effect of the Internet on international trade in services: Developing countries\u2019 case study. In 7th International Conference on e-Commerce in\u00a0Developing\u00a0Countries: With focus on e-Security, Kish Island, Iran.","DOI":"10.1109\/ECDC.2013.6556732"},{"key":"9483_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2017.06.003","volume":"41","author":"HK Nath","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nath, H. K., & Liu, L. (2017). Information and communications technology (ICT) and services trade. Information Economics and Policy, 41, 81\u201387","journal-title":"Information Economics and Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.22158\/jbtp.v6n1p65","volume":"6","author":"A Yousefi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yousefi, A. (2018). Estimating the effect of the internet on international trade in services. Journal of Business Theory and Practice, 6(1), 65\u201382","journal-title":"Journal of Business Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"14","key":"9483_CR30","first-page":"237","volume":"8","author":"BA Danquah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danquah, B. A., & Chen, D. L. (2017). E-Commerce, exports and imports growth: Casual relations between US and China. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 8(14), 237\u2013243","journal-title":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"9483_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-019-09338-7","volume":"19","author":"J Mou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mou, J., Ren, G., Qin, C., & Kurcz, K. (2019). Understanding the topics of export cross-border e-commerce consumers feedback: An LDA approach. Electronic Commerce Research, 19(4), 749\u2013777","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-019-09342-x","volume":"19","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, J., Yao, Y., Xu, Y., Li, Y., Wei, L., & Zhu, X. (2019). Consumer\u2019s risk perception on the belt road countries: Evidence from the cross-border e-commerce. Electronic Commerce Research, 19, 823\u2013840","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-019-09368-1","volume":"19","author":"F Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, F., Yang, Y., Tso, G. K. F., & Li, Y. (2019). Analysis of launch strategy in cross-border e-Commerce market via topic modeling of consumer reviews. Electronic Commerce Research, 19, 863\u2013884","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x","volume":"4","author":"RH Coase","year":"1937","unstructured":"Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4, 386\u2013405","journal-title":"Economica"},{"key":"9483_CR35","unstructured":"Butter, F. A., & Mosch, R. H. (2003). Trade, trust and transaction cost. In Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper No. 03-082\/3. Rotterdam: Tinbergen Institute."},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803322157089","volume":"93","author":"JE Rauch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rauch, J. E., & Trindade, V. (2003). Information, international substitutability, and globalization. American Economic Review, 93(3), 775\u2013791","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803321455214","volume":"93","author":"J Anderson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anderson, J., & van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170\u2013192","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1257\/0022051042177649","volume":"42","author":"JE Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson, J. E., & van Wincoop, E. (2004). Trade costs. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(3), 691\u2013751","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"9483_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.09.010","volume":"24","author":"N Terzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terzi, N. (2011). The impact of e-commerce on international trade and employment. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 745\u2013753","journal-title":"Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"9483_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Chai, Y., & Liu, Y. (2015). Qualitative analysis of cross-border e-commerce based on transaction cost theory. In 12th International conference on e-business engineering (ICEBE), Beijing, China (pp. 23\u201325).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEBE.2015.36"},{"key":"9483_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sleuwaegen, L., & Smith, P. M. (2020). Who purchases cross-border? Individual and country level determinants of the decision to purchase cross-border in the European Single Market. Electronic Commerce Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-020-09440-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-020-09440-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240309457","volume":"19","author":"DJ Pare","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pare, D. J. (2003). Does this site deliver? B2B e-commerce services for developing countries. The Information Society, 19(2), 123\u2013134","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/02642060412331300762","volume":"23","author":"M Stare","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stare, M. (2003). The scope for e-commerce in central and eastern European countries\u2019 services trade. The Service Industries Journal, 23(1), 27\u201342","journal-title":"The Service Industries Journal"},{"key":"9483_CR44","unstructured":"Gonzalez, J., & Ferencz, J. (2018). Digital trade and market openness. In OECD Trade Policy Papers No. 217. Paris: OECD publishing."},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/cwe.12243","volume":"26","author":"S Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma, S., Chai, Y., & Zhang, H. (2018). Rise of cross-border e-commerce exports in China. China and World Economy, 26(3), 63\u201387","journal-title":"China and World Economy"},{"key":"9483_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-019-09361-8","volume":"19","author":"Y Miao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miao, Y., Du, R., Li, J., & Westland, J. C. (2019). A two-sided matching model in the context of B2B export cross-border e-commerce. Electronic Commerce Research, 19, 841\u2013861","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9483_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asieco.2017.12.006","volume":"55","author":"F Zhai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhai, F. (2018). China\u2019s Belt and Road initiative: A preliminary quantitative assessment. Journal of Asian Economics, 55, 84\u201392","journal-title":"Journal of Asian Economics"},{"key":"9483_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X. Y., Chen, Y. N., & Li, R. (2019). The development of China\u2019s service trade under the \u2018One Belt and One Road\u2019 initiative. In Proceedings of 4th international conference on social sciences and economic development (pp. 177\u2013179).","DOI":"10.2991\/icssed-19.2019.32"},{"key":"9483_CR49","first-page":"2683","volume":"12","author":"H Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen, H. (2018). Building a digital silk road? Situating the Internet in China\u2019s Belt and Road initiative. International Journal of Communication, 12, 2683\u20132701","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"9483_CR50","unstructured":"Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic policy. The Twentieth Century Fund."},{"key":"9483_CR51","unstructured":"Cairncross, F. (1997). The death of distance: How the communications revolution will change our lives. Orion Business Books."},{"key":"9483_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2014.05.002","volume":"28","author":"E Gomez-Herrera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomez-Herrera, E., Martens, B., & Turlea, G. (2014). The drivers and impediments for cross border e-commerce in the EU. Information Economics and Policy, 28, 83\u201396","journal-title":"Information Economics and Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1257\/mic.1.1.53","volume":"1","author":"A Hortacsu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hortacsu, A., Martinez-Jerez, F., & Douglas, J. (2009). The geography of trade in online transactions: Evidence from eBay and mercado libre. American Economic Journal-Microeconomics, 1(1), 53\u201374","journal-title":"American Economic Journal-Microeconomics"},{"key":"9483_CR54","unstructured":"Cowgill, B., & Dorobantu, C. 2012. Gravity and borders in online commerce. http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/~bc2656\/papers\/GravityBordersPaper.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2020."},{"issue":"591","key":"9483_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12286","volume":"126","author":"A Lendle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lendle, A., Olarreaga, M., Schropp, S., & Vezina, P. L. (2016). There goes gravity: eBay and the death of distance. Economic Journal, 126(591), 406\u2013441","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/apel.12028","volume":"27","author":"KC Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung, K. C., Fleming, P., & Fleming, E. (2013). The impact of information and communication technology on international trade in fruit and vegetables in APEC. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 27(2), 117\u2013130","journal-title":"Asian-Pacific Economic Literature"},{"key":"9483_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alaveras, G., & Martens, B. (2015). International trade in online services. In Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Digital Economy Working Paper No. 2015\/08. Seville: Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2670614"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2005.10.002","volume":"70","author":"BS Blum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blum, B. S., & Goldfarb, A. (2006). Does the internet defy the law of gravity? Journal of International Economics, 70(2), 384\u2013405","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"key":"9483_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez, E., & Bertin, M. (2015). Language, copyright and geographic segmentation in the EU digital single market for music and film. In Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Digital Economy Working Paper No. 2015\/04. Seville: European Commission, Joint Research Centre.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2603144"},{"key":"9483_CR60","unstructured":"Panagariya, A. (2000). E-commerce, WTO, and developing countries. In Policy issues in international trade and commodities study series No.2. New York and Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development."},{"issue":"4","key":"9483_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011130802700","volume":"26","author":"EG Carayannies","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carayannies, E. G., Alexander, J., & Geraghty, J. (2001). Service sector productivity: B2B electronic commerce as a strategic driver. Journal of Technology Transfer, 26(4), 337\u2013350","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9701.00136","volume":"21","author":"L Matyas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matyas, L. (2000). The gravity model: Some econometric considerations. World Economy, 21(3), 397\u2013401","journal-title":"World Economy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00181-008-0239-5","volume":"37","author":"J Fidrmuc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fidrmuc, J. (2009). Gravity models in integrated panels. Empirical Economics, 37(2), 435\u2013446","journal-title":"Empirical Economics"},{"key":"9483_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltagi, B. H., Egger, P., & Pfaffermayr, M. (2014). Panel data gravity models of international trade. In Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo) Working Paper No. 4616. Munich: CESifo.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2398292"},{"key":"9483_CR65","first-page":"106","volume":"69","author":"J Anderson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Anderson, J. (1979). A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, 69, 106\u2013116","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"9483_CR66","unstructured":"Deardoff, A. (1998). Determinants of bilateral trade: Does gravity work in a neoclassical world? In J. A. Frankel (Ed.), The regionalization of the world economy. University of Chicago Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"9483_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/17421772.2015.1076575","volume":"10","author":"T Krisztin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krisztin, T., & Fischer, M. M. (2015). The gravity model for international trade: Specification and estimation issues. Spatial Economic Analysis, 10(4), 451\u2013470","journal-title":"Spatial Economic Analysis"},{"key":"9483_CR68","unstructured":"Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis. (7th ed.). Pearson Press."},{"issue":"37","key":"9483_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0327.00109_1","volume":"18","author":"A Micco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Micco, A., Stein, E., & Ordo\u00f1ez, G. (2003). The currency union effect on trade: Early evidence from EMU. Economic Policy, 18(37), 317\u2013356","journal-title":"Economic Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9701.2004.00590.x","volume":"27","author":"PH Egger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Egger, P. H., & Pfaffermayr, M. (2004). Foreign direct investment and European integration in the 90s. World Economy, 27(1), 99\u2013110","journal-title":"World Economy"},{"key":"9483_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.08.021","volume":"66","author":"J Cheong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheong, J., Kwak, D. W., & Tang, K. K. (2015). Heterogeneous effects of preferential trade agreements: How does partner similarity matter? World Development, 66, 222\u2013236","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474745617000544","volume":"18","author":"W Shin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin, W., & Ahn, D. (2018). Trade gains from legal rulings in the WTO dispute settlement system. World Trade Review, 18(1), 1\u201331","journal-title":"World Trade Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.09.011","volume":"48","author":"M Campi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campi, M., & Duenas, M. (2019). Intellectual property rights, trade agreements, and international trade. Research Policy, 48(3), 531\u2013545","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"9483_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1765(03)00115-0","volume":"80","author":"BH Baltagi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baltagi, B. H., Egger, P., & Pfaffermayr, M. (2003). A generalized design for bilateral trade flow models. Economics Letters, 80(3), 391\u2013397","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"9483_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh, K. (2006). Trade in services: Does gravity hold? A gravity model approach to estimating barriers to services trade. In Institute for International Integration Studies (IIIS) Discussion Paper No. 183.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.945335"},{"issue":"6","key":"9483_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.2307\/1911406","volume":"49","author":"J Hausman","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hausman, J., & Taylor, W. (1981). Panel data and unobservable effects. Econometric, 49(6), 1377\u20131398","journal-title":"Econometric"},{"key":"9483_CR77","unstructured":"Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. The MIT Press."},{"issue":"5","key":"9483_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9396.2005.00542.x","volume":"13","author":"P Egger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Egger, P. (2005). Alternative techniques for estimation of cross-section gravity models. Review of International Economics, 13(5), 881\u2013891","journal-title":"Review of International Economics"},{"key":"9483_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.05.036","volume":"223","author":"N Cantore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cantore, N., & Cheng, C. F. (2018). International trade of environmental goods in gravity models. Journal of Environmental Management, 223, 1047\u20131060","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"9483_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2006.02.005","volume":"71","author":"SL Baier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baier, S. L., & Bergstrand, J. H. (2007). Do free trade agreements actually increase members\u2019 international trade? Journal of International Economics, 71(1), 72\u201395","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"key":"9483_CR81","unstructured":"UN Comtrade. (2020). International trade statistics database. https:\/\/comtrade.un.org\/. Accessed 8 April 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/twec.12339","volume":"39","author":"YF Kong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kong, Y. F., & Kneller, R. (2016). Measuring the impact of china\u2019s export growth on its Asian neighbours. World Economy, 39(2), 195\u2013220","journal-title":"World Economy"},{"key":"9483_CR83","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) database. https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TIVA_2018_C4#. Accessed 16 April 2020."},{"key":"9483_CR84","unstructured":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2020). Federal Reserve Economic Data. https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/DEXCHUS. Accessed 6 May 2020."},{"key":"9483_CR85","unstructured":"Word Bank. (2020). World Development Indicators database. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Accessed 15 May 2020."},{"key":"9483_CR86","unstructured":"China FTA Network. (2020). China\u2019s Free Trade Agreements. http:\/\/fta.mofcom.gov.cn. Accessed 17 May 2020."},{"key":"9483_CR87","unstructured":"Griffiths, W. E., Hill, R. C., Lim, G. C., Cho, S. Y., & Wong, S. S. (2011). Principles of econometrics. (4th ed.). Wiley."},{"issue":"2","key":"9483_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/13547860.2019.1602905","volume":"24","author":"A Gani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gani, A., & Scrimgeour, F. (2019). Can trading partner cultural diversity explain trade? Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 24(2), 313\u2013327","journal-title":"Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy"},{"key":"9483_CR89","unstructured":"CEPII. (2020). Geography database. http:\/\/www.cepii.fr\/CEPII\/en\/bdd_modele\/bdd_modele.asp#bdd. Accessed 13 May 2020."}],"container-title":["Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10660-021-09483-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10660-021-09483-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10660-021-09483-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T10:06:19Z","timestamp":1679738779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10660-021-09483-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-021-09483-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5753","1572-9362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-5753","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}