{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:46:27Z","timestamp":1775198787748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electron Commer Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-023-09777-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T12:02:11Z","timestamp":1699531331000},"page":"675-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Corporate communication during the COVID-19 crisis in a multicultural environment: culture and tweet impact"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2480-0507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faten F.","family":"Kharbat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yezen","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Gleason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/1553118X.2018.1510405","volume":"12","author":"M Eriksson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eriksson, M. (2018). Lessons for crisis communication on social media: A systematic review of what research tells the practice. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12, 526\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1553118X.2018.1510405","journal-title":"International Journal of Strategic Communication"},{"key":"9777_CR2","unstructured":"ncema.gov.ae (2020) UAE Coronavirus (Covid-19) Updates. https:\/\/covid19.ncema.gov.ae\/en"},{"key":"9777_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/weng.12507","author":"P Siemund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siemund, P., Al-Issa, A., & Leimgruber, J. R. E. (2020). Multilingualism and the role of english in the United Arab Emirates. World Englishes Weng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/weng.12507","journal-title":"World Englishes Weng"},{"key":"9777_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315881201-6","volume-title":"Organizational Collaboration","author":"G Hofstede","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofstede, G., Van Deusen, C., Mueller, C., & Charles, T. (2020). What goals do business leaders pursue?\u202f: A study in fifteen countries. Organizational Collaboration (pp. 35\u201348). Routledge."},{"key":"9777_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-52189","volume":"33","author":"L Lei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lei, L., & (Gillian), Li Y, Luo Y,. (2019). Social media and voluntary nonfinancial disclosure: Evidence from twitter presence and corporate political disclosure. Journal of Information Systems, 33, 99\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/isys-52189","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"9777_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.035","volume":"117","author":"A Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma, A., Adhikary, A., & Borah, S. B. (2020). Covid-19\u2032s impact on supply chain decisions: Strategic insights from NASDAQ 100 firms using Twitter data. Journal of Business Research, 117, 443\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.035","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"9777_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848607910.n2","volume-title":"SAGE Handb public Opinion Research","author":"V Price","year":"2008","unstructured":"Price, V. (2008). The public and public opinion in political theories. SAGE Handb public Opinion Research (pp. 11\u201324). Sage Publications."},{"key":"9777_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483326061","volume-title":"Public opinion","author":"V Price","year":"1992","unstructured":"Price, V. (1992). Public opinion. Sage."},{"key":"9777_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathnayake C, Suthers DD (2018) Twitter issue response hashtags as affordances for momentary connectedness. Soc Media+ Soc 4:2056305118784780","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305118784780"},{"key":"9777_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starbird K, Palen L (2011) \u201cVoluntweeters\u201d: self-organizing by digital volunteers in times of crisis. In Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on Human factors in computing systems\u2013CHI \u201911. ACM Press, New York, p 1071","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979102"},{"key":"9777_CR11","unstructured":"Bruns A, Burgess J (2012) Local and global responses to disaster:# eqnz and the Christchurch earthquake. In Proceedings of the 2012 Australian and New Zealand Disaster and Emergency Management Conference. (pp 86\u2013103)"},{"key":"9777_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213479374","volume":"57","author":"A Bruns","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruns, A., Highfield, T., & Burgess, J. (2013). The Arab spring and social media audiences. American Behavioral Scientist, 57, 871\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764213479374","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"9777_CR13","unstructured":"Bruns A, Burgess JE (2011) The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics. In Proceedings of the 6th European consortium for political research (ECPR) general conference 2011"},{"key":"9777_CR14","volume-title":"Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind","author":"GH Hofstede","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. H., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: Mcgraw-hill."},{"key":"9777_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-679X.12075","volume":"53","author":"GS Miller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller, G. S., & Skinner, D. J. (2015). The evolving disclosure landscape: how changes in technology, the media, and capital markets are affecting disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research, 53, 221\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-679X.12075","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting Research"},{"key":"9777_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1108\/AAAJ-03-2017-2880","volume":"30","author":"M Arnaboldi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arnaboldi, M., Busco, C., & Cuganesan, S. (2017). Accounting, accountability, social media and big data: Revolution or hype? Accounting, Audit Account J, 30, 762\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/AAAJ-03-2017-2880","journal-title":"Accounting, Audit Account J"},{"key":"9777_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-51984","volume":"33","author":"RS Debreceny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Debreceny, R. S., Wang, T., Zhou, M., & (Jamie),. (2019). Research in social media: Data sources and methodologies. Journal of Information Systems, 33, 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/isys-51984","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"9777_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-10-2017-0718","volume":"52","author":"S Chahine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chahine, S., & Malhotra, N. K. (2018). Impact of social media strategies on stock price: The case of Twitter. European Journal of Marketing, 52, 1526\u20131549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/EJM-10-2017-0718","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"9777_CR19","first-page":"58","volume":"9","author":"R Kesavan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M. D., & Mascarenhas, O. A. J. (2013). Word of Mouse: CSR communication and the social media. International Management Review, 9(1), 58\u201366.","journal-title":"International Management Review"},{"key":"9777_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.006","volume":"117","author":"S Okazaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okazaki, S., Plangger, K., West, D., & Men\u00e9ndez, H. D. (2020). Exploring digital corporate social responsibility communications on Twitter. Journal of Business Research, 117, 675\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.006","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"9777_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd D, Golder S, Lotan G (2010) Tweet, Tweet, retweet: Conversational aspects of retweeting on twitter. In 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (pp 1\u201310) IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2010.412"},{"key":"9777_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-52449","volume":"34","author":"AS Kelton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelton, A. S., & Pennington, R. R. (2020). If you tweet, they will follow: CEO tweets, social capital, and investor say-on-pay judgments. Journal of Information Systems, 34, 105\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/isys-52449","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"9777_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aos.2018.03.009","volume":"68\u201369","author":"E Blankespoor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blankespoor, E. (2018). Firm communication and investor response: A framework and discussion integrating social media. Accounting, Organ Soc, 68\u201369, 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aos.2018.03.009","journal-title":"Accounting, Organ Soc"},{"key":"9777_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1108\/10878571111161507","volume":"39","author":"C Heller Baird","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heller Baird, C., & Parasnis, G. (2011). From social media to social customer relationship management. Strateg Leadersh, 39, 30\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10878571111161507","journal-title":"Strateg Leadersh"},{"key":"9777_CR25","first-page":"58","volume":"9","author":"R Kesavan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M., & Mascarenha, O. A. J. (2013). Word of mouse: CSR communication and the social media. Eng Int Manag Rev, 9, 58\u201366.","journal-title":"Eng Int Manag Rev"},{"key":"9777_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/19474199.2010.493854","volume":"6","author":"F Jansen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jansen, F. (2010). Digital activism in the middle east: Mapping issue networks in Egypt, Iran, Syria and Tunisia. Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 6, 37\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19474199.2010.493854","journal-title":"Knowledge Management for Development Journal"},{"key":"9777_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1002\/ASI.21149","volume":"60","author":"BJ Jansen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jansen, B. J., Zhang, M., Sobel, K., & Chowdury, A. (2009). Twitter power: Tweets as electronic word of mouth. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60, 2169\u20132188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ASI.21149","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"9777_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-50674","volume":"28","author":"LC Schaupp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schaupp, L. C., & B\u00e9langer, F. (2014). The value of social media for small businesses. Journal of Information Systems, 28, 187\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/isys-50674","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"9777_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.04.008","volume":"216","author":"A Majumdar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Majumdar, A., & Bose, I. (2019). Do tweets create value? A multi-period analysis of Twitter use and content of tweets for manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 216, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.04.008","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"9777_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-50576","volume":"89","author":"E Blankespoor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blankespoor, E., Miller, G. S., & White, H. D. (2014). The role of dissemination in market liquidity: Evidence from firms\u2019 Use of Twitter\u2122. The Accounting Review, 89, 79\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/accr-50576","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"key":"9777_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2467243","author":"A Curtis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Curtis, A., Richardson, V. J., & Schmardebeck, R. (2014). Investor attention and the pricing of earnings news. SSRN Electronic Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2467243","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"key":"9777_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-679X.12074","volume":"53","author":"LF Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, L. F., Hutton, A. P., & Shu, S. (2015). The role of social media in the capital market: Evidence from consumer product recalls. Journal of Accounting Research, 53, 367\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-679X.12074","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting Research"},{"key":"9777_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-51865","volume":"93","author":"E Bartov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bartov, E., Faurel, L., & Mohanram, P. S. (2018). Can twitter help predict firm-level earnings and stock returns? The Accounting Review, 93, 25\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/accr-51865","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"key":"9777_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.01.016","volume":"145","author":"Y Ruan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruan, Y., Durresi, A., & Alfantoukh, L. (2018). Using twitter trust network for stock market analysis. Knowledge-Based Syst, 145, 207\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.01.016","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Syst"},{"key":"9777_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12229","volume":"48","author":"HK Sul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sul, H. K., Dennis, A. R., & Yuan, L. I. (2017). Trading on twitter: Using social media sentiment to predict stock returns. Decision Sciences, 48, 454\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/deci.12229","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"key":"9777_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aos.2018.03.004","volume":"68\u201369","author":"NL Cade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cade, N. L. (2018). Corporate social media: How two-way disclosure channels influence investors. Accounting, Organ Soc, 68\u201369, 63\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aos.2018.03.004","journal-title":"Accounting, Organ Soc"},{"key":"9777_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2678","volume":"38","author":"E-H Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, E.-H., & Youm, Y. N. (2017). How do social media affect analyst stock recommendations? Evidence from S&P 500 electric power companies\u2019 twitter accounts. Strategic Management Journal, 38, 2599\u20132622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smj.2678","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"9777_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-679X.12217","volume":"56","author":"WB Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott, W. B., Grant, S. M., & Hodge, F. D. (2018). Negative news and investor trust: The role of $Firm and #CEO twitter use. Journal of Accounting Research, 56, 1483\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-679X.12217","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting Research"},{"key":"9777_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-3682(03)00018-7","volume":"28","author":"G Hofstede","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (2003). What is culture? A reply to Baskerville. Accounting, Organ Soc, 28, 811\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0361-3682(03)00018-7","journal-title":"Accounting, Organ Soc"},{"key":"9777_CR40","unstructured":"Hofstede Insights National Culture. https:\/\/hi.hofstede-insights.com\/national-culture. Accessed 20 Nov 2021"},{"key":"9777_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2498\/CIT.1001806","volume":"18","author":"I Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim, I., & Kuljis, J. (2010). Manifestations of CULTURE IN WEBSITE DESIGN. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 18, 125\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2498\/CIT.1001806","journal-title":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology"},{"key":"9777_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1108\/02651330310485153\/FULL\/XML","volume":"20","author":"S Yeniyurt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yeniyurt, S., & Townsend, J. D. (2003). Does culture explain acceptance of new products in a country?: An empirical investigation. International Marketing Review, 20, 377\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02651330310485153\/FULL\/XML","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"key":"9777_CR43","first-page":"67","volume":"2","author":"M Tong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tong, M., & Robertson, K. (2008). Political and cultural representation in Malaysian websites. International Journal of Design, 2, 67\u201379.","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"9777_CR44","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Contemporary issues in cross-cultural psychology","author":"G Hofstede","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (1991). Empirical models of cultural differences. In N. Bleichrodt & P. J. D. Drenth (Eds.), Contemporary issues in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 4\u201320). Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers."},{"key":"9777_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1108\/13527609810796844\/FULL\/XML","volume":"5","author":"P Herbig","year":"1998","unstructured":"Herbig, P., & Dunphy, S. (1998). Culture and innovation. Cross Cult Manag An Int J, 5, 13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13527609810796844\/FULL\/XML","journal-title":"Cross Cult Manag An Int J"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9777_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1300\/J130v06n01_02","volume":"6","author":"Al-Rasheed,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Rasheed,. (2001). Features of traditional Arab management and organization in the Jordan business environment. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 6(1\u20132), 27\u201353.","journal-title":"Journal of Transnational Management Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"9777_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1108\/01437739310032700","volume":"14","author":"B Bjerke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bjerke, B., & Al-Meer, A. (1993). Culture\u2019s consequences: Management in Saudi Arabia. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 14(2), 30\u2013354.","journal-title":"Leadership & Organization Development Journal"},{"key":"9777_CR48","first-page":"112","volume":"2","author":"A Al-Rasheed","year":"1997","unstructured":"Al-Rasheed, A. (1997). Factors affecting managers\u2019 motivation and job satisfaction: The case of Jordanian bank managers. Middle East Business Review, 2, 112\u2013117.","journal-title":"Middle East Business Review"},{"key":"9777_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/10641734.2007.10505205","volume":"29","author":"M Kalliny","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kalliny, M., & Gentry, L. (2007). Cultural values reflected in Arab and american television advertising. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 29, 15\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10641734.2007.10505205","journal-title":"Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising"},{"key":"9777_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1108\/13527601111104287","volume":"18","author":"LA Migliore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Migliore, L. A. (2011). Relation between big five personality traits and Hofstede\u2019s cultural dimensions. Cross Cult Manag An Int J, 18, 38\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/13527601111104287","journal-title":"Cross Cult Manag An Int J"},{"key":"9777_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHB.2016.08.043","volume":"65","author":"KS Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi, K. S., Im, I., & Hofstede, G. J. (2016). A cross-cultural comparative analysis of small group collaboration using mobile twitter. Comput Human Behav, 65, 308\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHB.2016.08.043","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"9777_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v7i1.14419","volume":"7","author":"R Garcia-Gavilanes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia-Gavilanes, R., Quercia, D., & Jaimes, A. (2013). Cultural dimensions in twitter: Time, individualism and power. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 7, 195\u2013204.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media"},{"key":"9777_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-09-2012-0162\/FULL\/XML","volume":"38","author":"GF Khan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khan, G. F., Yoon, H. Y., Kim, J., & Park, H. W. (2014). From e-government to social government: Twitter use by Korea\u2019s central government. Online Information Review, 38, 95\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/OIR-09-2012-0162\/FULL\/XML","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"key":"9777_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khashman, N., Large, A. (2011) Measuring cultural markers in arabic government websites using hofstede\u2019s cultural dimensions. Lecture Notes Computer Science (including Subser Lect Notes Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinformatics) 6770 LNCS:431\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-21708-1_49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21708-1_49"},{"key":"9777_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khashman, N., Large, A. (2013) Arabic Website Design: User Evaluation from a Cultural Perspective. Lecture Notes Computer Science (including Subser Lect Notes Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinformatics) 8024 LNCS:424\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-39137-8_47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39137-8_47"},{"key":"9777_CR56","volume-title":"Cultural differences on seeking information: an eye tracking study","author":"MC Marcos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marcos, M. C., Garc\u00eda-Gavilanes, R., Bataineh, E., Pasarin, L. (2013). Cultural differences on seeking information: an eye tracking study. In: CIH\u201913: Workshop Many People, Many Eyes; April 27-May 2, Paris, France."},{"key":"9777_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-04-2017-0172","volume":"28","author":"T Araujo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Araujo, T., & Kollat, J. (2018). Communicating effectively about CSR on Twitter. Internet Research, 28, 419\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IntR-04-2017-0172","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"9777_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-021-09484-x","author":"X Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Chen, Z., Zhan, X., et al. (2021). Improved policy mechanisms for the promotion of future digital business economy during covid-19 pandemic. Electronic Commerce Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-021-09484-x","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"9777_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/SRJ-08-2022-0314","author":"MA Momin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Momin, M. A., Chong, S., van Staden, C., & Ma, L. (2022). Stakeholder engagement during COVID-19: Evidence from corporate use of Twitter. Soc Responsib J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SRJ-08-2022-0314","journal-title":"Soc Responsib J"},{"key":"9777_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15581\/003.35.2.169-183","author":"C Rangel-P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rangel-P\u00e9rez, C., Monfort, A., & Miquel, S. (2022). Thematic dis\/connection of Ibex35 companies to generate dialogue with their stakeholders via Twitter during the pandemic. Communication & Society. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15581\/003.35.2.169-183","journal-title":"Communication & Society"},{"key":"9777_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-12-2021-1651","volume":"60","author":"A Iazzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iazzi, A., Ligorio, L., & Iaia, L. (2022). Were we prepared to face a pandemic? Exploring companies\u2019 CSR disclosure on social media before COVID-19 outbreak. Management Decision, 60, 2849\u20132874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/MD-12-2021-1651","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"9777_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37829","volume":"10","author":"A Singhal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singhal, A., Baxi, M. K., & Mago, V. (2022). Synergy between public and private health care organizations during COVID-19 on twitter: Sentiment and engagement analysis using forecasting models. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10, e37829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/37829","journal-title":"JMIR Medical Informatics"},{"key":"9777_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2009.09.003","volume":"53","author":"AM Kaplan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53, 59\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bushor.2009.09.003","journal-title":"Business Horizons"},{"key":"9777_CR64","unstructured":"Zeledon M (2009) Stock twits may change how you Trade. In bloomberg.com. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2009-02-10\/stocktwits-may-change-how-you-trade. Accessed 6 Nov 2020"},{"key":"9777_CR65","unstructured":"Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (2015) Updated Investor Alert: Social Media and Investing -- Stock Rumors. In Secur. Exch. Comm. https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/oiea\/investor-alerts-bulletins\/ia_rumors.html. Accessed 6 Nov 2020"},{"key":"9777_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2003.tb00359.x","author":"M Durham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Durham, M. (2006). Language choice on a swiss mailing list. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2003.tb00359.x","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Mediated Communication"},{"key":"9777_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.005","volume":"41","author":"I Eleta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eleta, I., & Golbeck, J. (2014). Multilingual use of twitter: Social networks at the language frontier. Comput Human Behav, 41, 424\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.005","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"9777_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong L, Convertino G, Chi E (2011) Language matters in twitter: A large scale study. In Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media. (pp. 518\u2013521)","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v5i1.14184"},{"key":"9777_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5117\/NECSUS2012.1.POEL","volume":"1","author":"T Poell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poell, T., & Darmoni, K. (2012). Twitter as a multilingual space: The articulation of the Tunisian revolution through #sidibouzid. NECSUS Eur J Media Stud, 1, 14\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5117\/NECSUS2012.1.POEL","journal-title":"NECSUS Eur J Media Stud"},{"key":"9777_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mourtada R, Salem F (2014) Citizen engagement and public services in the arab world: The potential of social media, 6th edition. Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2578993"},{"key":"9777_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2014.09.003","volume":"35","author":"AM Aladwani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aladwani, A. M. (2015). Facilitators, characteristics, and impacts of Twitter use: Theoretical analysis and empirical illustration. International Journal of Information Management, 35, 15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2014.09.003","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"9777_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1108\/IJEBR-08-2017-0299","volume":"25","author":"SZ Ahmad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmad, S. Z., Abu Bakar, A. R., & Ahmad, N. (2019). Social media adoption and its impact on firm performance: The case of the UAE. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25, 84\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJEBR-08-2017-0299","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research"},{"key":"9777_CR73","unstructured":"Twitter (2020) Get Tweet timelines. In: Twitter. https:\/\/developer.twitter.com\/en\/docs\/twitter-api\/v1\/tweets\/timelines\/guides\/migration-guide"},{"key":"9777_CR74","volume-title":"Web scraping with Python: Collecting more data from the modern web","author":"R Mitchell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitchell, R. (2018). Web scraping with Python: Collecting more data from the modern web. O\u2019Reilly Media Inc."},{"key":"9777_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.003","volume":"44","author":"JL Jimenez-Marquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jimenez-Marquez, J. L., Gonzalez-Carrasco, I., Lopez-Cuadrado, J. L., & Ruiz-Mezcua, B. (2019). Towards a big data framework for analyzing social media content. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.003","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"9777_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.014","volume":"50","author":"MS Albarrak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albarrak, M. S., Elnahass, M., Papagiannidis, S., & Salama, A. (2020). The effect of twitter dissemination on cost of equity: A big data approach. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.014","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"9777_CR77","unstructured":"Hoffmann C, Kamps B (2020) Covid-19 reference book, 3rd ed"},{"key":"9777_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72347-1","volume-title":"Natural language processing text mining. Data science and predictive analytics","author":"ID Dinov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dinov, I. D. (2018). Natural language processing text mining. Data science and predictive analytics (pp. 659\u201395). Springer."},{"key":"9777_CR79","unstructured":"Ramos J (2003) Using tf-idf to determine word relevance in document queries. In Proceedings of the first instructional conference on machine learning. (pp 133\u2013142)"},{"key":"9777_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101409","volume":"63","author":"SH Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jung, S. H., & Jeong, Y. J. (2020). Twitter data analytical methodology development for prediction of start-up firms\u2019 social media marketing level. Technology in Society, 63, 101409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101409","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"9777_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.09.004","volume":"58","author":"K Santarone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santarone, K., Meneses, E., Shepherd, A., et al. (2020). Surgeons and social media: The use of twitter hashtags at the academic surgical congress 2015\u20132019: A cross sectional study. Ann Med Surg, 58, 151\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.09.004","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"9777_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macskassy SA, Michelson M (2011) Why do people retweet? anti-homophily wins the day! In ICWSM. (pp 209\u2013216)","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v5i1.14110"},{"key":"9777_CR83","unstructured":"Haouari F, Hasanain M, Suwaileh R, Elsayed T (2020) ArCOV-19: The first Arabic COVID-19 Twitter dataset with propagation networks"},{"key":"9777_CR84","unstructured":"Hanini F (2009) A thesis in teaching English to speakers of other languages. American University of Sharjah"},{"key":"9777_CR85","unstructured":"Abbas W (2015) How good is your English? UAE residents not proficient, says study. In: Emirates247. https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/emirates\/how-good-is-your-english-uae-residents-not-proficient-says-study-2015-11-05-1.609287. Accessed 5 Nov 2020"},{"key":"9777_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2015.04.071","volume":"47","author":"D Mathews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathews, D., Franzen-Castle, L., Colby, S., et al. (2015). Use of word clouds as a novel approach for analysis and presentation of qualitative data for program evaluation. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47, S26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneb.2015.04.071","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior"},{"key":"9777_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.549","volume":"14","author":"GP Sillup","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sillup, G. P., Klimberg, R. K., Sullivan, E. L., et al. (2018). P1\u2013538: Assessing an activity for nursing home staff and residents with dementia and early onset alzheimer\u2019s disease using an artbus and word clouds. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement, 14, P539\u2013P540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.549","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"key":"9777_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2018.02.008","volume":"45","author":"W Ning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ning, W., Lin, S., Zhou, J., et al. (2018). WocEA: The visualization of functional enrichment results in word clouds. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 45, 415\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgg.2018.02.008","journal-title":"Journal of Genetics and Genomics"},{"key":"9777_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.005","volume":"72","author":"NF Ibrahim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ibrahim, N. F., Wang, X., & Bourne, H. (2017). Exploring the effect of user engagement in online brand communities: Evidence from Twitter. Comput Human Behav, 72, 321\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.005","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"9777_CR90","unstructured":"Al Kuwaiti A (2019) Corporate governance, institutional framework, and firm performance: Evidence from the UAE. United Arab Emirates University"},{"key":"9777_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-9516(01)00073-6","volume":"37","author":"H Kabasakal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2002). Arabic cluster: A bridge between East and West. Journal of World Business, 37, 40\u201354.","journal-title":"Journal of World Business"},{"key":"9777_CR92","unstructured":"WHO (2020) Timeline of WHO\u2019s response to COVID-19. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/29-06-2020-COVIDtimeline"},{"key":"9777_CR93","unstructured":"Charise A (2007) More english, Less Islam? An overview of english language functions in the Arabian\/Persian Gulf. http:\/\/homes.chass.utoronto.ca\/~cpercy\/courses\/eng6365-charise.htm. Accessed 5 Nov 2020"}],"container-title":["Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10660-023-09777-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10660-023-09777-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10660-023-09777-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T04:16:12Z","timestamp":1712290572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10660-023-09777-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-023-09777-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5753","1572-9362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-5753","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}