{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1766405116186,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electron Commer Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-024-09891-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T10:03:08Z","timestamp":1724061788000},"page":"5009-5043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A location and capacity-allocation game model for two competing online delivery platforms seeking new customers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Bardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837411","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2020.1837411","volume":"7","author":"EO Abensur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abensur, E. O., da Silva, Paes A., Reyann Kasai Yamada, E., Ruggieri, V., & Alves de Aquino, W. (2020). Stochastic facility location problem in a competitive situation: A game theory model for emergency financial services. Cogent Engineering, 7(1), 1837411.","journal-title":"Cogent Engineering"},{"key":"9891_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-023-05410-6","author":"S Ashraf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashraf, S., & Bardhan, A. K. (2023). Optimal resource allocation strategies of competing new online delivery platforms using the bass diffusion model. Annals of Operations Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-023-05410-6","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5267\/j.ijiec.2015.8.002","volume":"7","author":"M Ashtiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashtiani, M. (2016). Competitive location: A state-of-art review. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 7(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9891_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2011.12.013","volume":"37","author":"MG Ashtiani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ashtiani, M. G., Makui, A., & Ramezanian, R. (2013). A robust model for a leader-follower competitive facility location problem in a discrete space. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(1\u20132), 62\u201371.","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modelling"},{"key":"9891_CR5","unstructured":"Auad-Perez, R., Erera, A., & Savelsbergh, M. (2020). Using simple integer programs to assess capacity requirements and demand management strategies in meal delivery. Preprint, Optimization Online."},{"key":"9891_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auad-Perez, R., Erera, A., & Savelsbergh, M. (2021). Courier satisfaction in rapid delivery systems using dynamic operating regions. Available at SSRN 4089529.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4089529"},{"key":"9891_CR7","unstructured":"Bakker, E. (2016). The on-demand meal delivery report: Sizing the market, outlining the business models, and determining the future market leaders. Business Insider."},{"key":"9891_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-022-09643-8","author":"AK Bardhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bardhan, A. K., & Ashraf, S. (2022). More buyers or more sellers: On marketing resource allocation strategies of competing two-sided platforms. Electronic Commerce Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-022-09643-8","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR9","first-page":"66","volume":"6","author":"AS Barmak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barmak, A. S., Jahan, M. V., Mahmoodian, V., & Sadrnezhad, Z. (2016). A bi-level genetic model for competitive capacitated facility location. American Journal of Intelligent Systems, 6(3), 66\u201373.","journal-title":"American Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"8","key":"9891_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2013.02.023","volume":"40","author":"V Beresnev","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beresnev, V. (2013). Branch-and-bound algorithm for a competitive facility location problem. Computers & Operations Research, 40(8), 2062\u20132070.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"9891_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.02.013","volume":"95","author":"V Beresnev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beresnev, V., & Melnikov, A. (2018). Exact method for the capacitated competitive facility location problem. Computers & Operations Research, 95, 73\u201382.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"9891_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990478916010075","volume":"10","author":"VL Beresnev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beresnev, V. L., & Melnikov, A. A. (2016). A capacitated competitive facility location problem. Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics, 10, 61\u201368.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics"},{"key":"9891_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09564239010001640","author":"AA Brogowicz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brogowicz, A. A., Delene, L. M., & Lyth, D. M. (1990). A synthesised service quality model with managerial implications. International Journal of Service Industry Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09564239010001640","journal-title":"International Journal of Service Industry Management"},{"key":"9891_CR14","unstructured":"Business Line Bengaluru Bureau (2023). Swiggy expands footprint in Karnataka. Business Line."},{"key":"9891_CR15","unstructured":"ANI New Delhi (2018). Zomato expands footprints, launches operations in 7 more tier-II cities. Business Standard."},{"key":"9891_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99846-6_1","author":"RL Church","year":"2018","unstructured":"Church, R. L., & Murray, A. (2018). Location covering models. Advances in Spatial Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-99846-6_1","journal-title":"Advances in Spatial Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"9891_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2019.3411","volume":"66","author":"R Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui, R., Li, M., & Li, Q. (2020). Value of high-quality logistics: Evidence from a clash between SF Express and Alibaba. Management Science, 66(9), 3879\u20133902.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2021.0174","volume":"26","author":"R Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui, R., Lu, Z., Sun, T., & Golden, J. M. (2024). Sooner or later? Promising delivery speed in online retail. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 26(1), 233\u2013251.","journal-title":"Manufacturing & Service Operations Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1145\/1461928.1461951","volume":"52","author":"C Daskalakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daskalakis, C., Goldberg, P. W., & Papadimitriou, C. H. (2009). The complexity of computing a Nash equilibrium. Communications of the ACM, 52(2), 89\u201397.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"7","key":"9891_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600828","volume":"48","author":"M Daskin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Daskin, M. (1997). Network and discrete location: Models, algorithms and applications. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 48(7), 763\u2013764.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"key":"9891_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2281-9_7","volume-title":"Economic and financial modeling with mathematica\u00ae","author":"J Dickhaut","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dickhaut, J., & Kaplan, T. (1993). A program for finding Nash equilibria. Economic and financial modeling with mathematica\u00ae (pp. 148\u2013166). Springer."},{"key":"9891_CR22","volume-title":"Games of strategy: Fifth international student edition","author":"AK Dixit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dixit, A. K., Skeath, S., & McAdams, D. (2020). Games of strategy: Fifth international student edition. WW Norton & Company."},{"key":"9891_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12159-014-0114-z","volume":"7","author":"T Drezner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Drezner, T. (2014). A review of competitive facility location in the plane. Logistics Research, 7, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Logistics Research"},{"key":"9891_CR24","volume-title":"Facility location: Applications and theory","author":"Z Drezner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drezner, Z., & Hamacher, H. W. (2004). Facility location: Applications and theory. Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"9891_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durand, S., & Gaujal, B. (2016). Complexity and optimality of the best response algorithm in random potential games. In International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (pp. 40\u201351). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53354-3_4"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(96)00216-0","volume":"96","author":"HA Eiselt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eiselt, H. A., & Laporte, G. (1997). Sequential location problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 96(2), 217\u2013231.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"9891_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7572-0","volume-title":"Foundations of location analysis","author":"HA Eiselt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eiselt, H. A., & Marianov, V. (2011). Foundations of location analysis. Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11573-023-01168-2","volume":"94","author":"R Eslamipoor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eslamipoor, R. (2024). Direct and indirect emissions: A bi-objective model for hybrid vehicle routing problem. Journal of Business Economics, 94(3), 413\u2013436.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10589-010-9331-9","volume":"50","author":"F Facchinei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Facchinei, F., Piccialli, V., & Sciandrone, M. (2011). Decomposition algorithms for generalized potential games. Computational Optimization and Applications, 50(2), 237\u2013262.","journal-title":"Computational Optimization and Applications"},{"key":"9891_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10589-010-9331-9","volume":"50","author":"F Facchinei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Facchinei, F., Piccialli, V., & Sciandrone, M. (2011). Decomposition algorithms for generalized potential games. Computational Optimization and Applications, 50, 237\u2013262.","journal-title":"Computational Optimization and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2011.08.020","volume":"62","author":"RZ Farahani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farahani, R. Z., Asgari, N., Heidari, N., Hosseininia, M., & Goh, M. (2012). Covering problems in facility location: A review. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 62(1), 368\u2013407.","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"9891_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s11590-022-01938-x","volume":"17","author":"P Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, P., Lan\u010dinskas, A., Pelegr\u00edn, B., & \u017dilinskas, J. (2023). A discrete competitive facility location model with proportional and binary rules sequentially applied. Optimization Letters, 17(4), 867\u2013877.","journal-title":"Optimization Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"9891_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/0022243719849940","volume":"56","author":"ML Fisher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fisher, M. L., Gallino, S., & Xu, J. J. (2019). The value of rapid delivery in omnichannel retailing. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(5), 732\u2013748.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.08.041","volume":"265","author":"J Gentile","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gentile, J., Pessoa, A. A., Poss, M., & Roboredo, M. C. (2018). Integer programming formulations for three sequential discrete competitive location problems with foresight. European Journal of Operational Research, 265(3), 872\u2013881.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1984.tb00799.x","volume":"16","author":"A Ghosh","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ghosh, A., & Craig, C. S. (1984). A location allocation model for facility planning in a competitive environment. Geographical Analysis, 16(1), 39\u201351.","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2010.07.015","volume":"207","author":"P Godinho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Godinho, P., & Dias, J. (2010). A two-player competitive discrete location model with simultaneous decisions. European Journal of Operational Research, 207(3), 1419\u20131432.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"9891_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106809","volume":"149","author":"Q Gu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gu, Q., Fan, T., Pan, F., & Zhang, C. (2020). A vehicle-UAV operation scheme for instant delivery. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 149, 106809.","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"9891_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mlwa.2022.100443","volume":"11","author":"V Hajipour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hajipour, V., Niaki, S. T. A., Tavana, M., Santos-Arteaga, F. J., & Hosseinzadeh, S. (2023). A comparative performance analysis of intelligence-based algorithms for optimizing competitive facility location problems. Machine Learning with Applications, 11, 100443.","journal-title":"Machine Learning with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(83)90180-7","volume":"12","author":"SL Hakimi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hakimi, S. L. (1983). On locating new facilities in a competitive environment. European Journal of Operational Research, 12(1), 29\u201335.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"9891_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2023.103170","volume":"175","author":"S Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu, S., Dennis, Z. Y., & Fu, K. (2023). Online platforms\u2019 warehouse capacity allocation strategies for multiple products. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 175, 103170.","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"9891_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, S., Guo, B., Wang, S., & Zhou, X. (2021). Effective cross-region courier-displacement for instant delivery via reinforcement learning. In  Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications: 16th International Conference, WASA 2021, Nanjing, China, June 25\u201327, 2021, Proceedings, Part I 16 (pp. 288\u2013300). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85928-2_23"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/002224296402800307","volume":"28","author":"DL Huff","year":"1964","unstructured":"Huff, D. L. (1964). Defining and estimating a trading area. Journal of Marketing, 28(3), 34\u201338.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"9891_CR43","unstructured":"India Infoline Bureau. (2024). Zomato\u2019s expansion into 10-minute delivery space with Blinkit poised to challenge e-commerce giants. India Infoline."},{"key":"9891_CR44","unstructured":"ITP Editor. (2023). Swiggy unveils \u2018network expansion insights\u2019 to enable restaurant partner expansion. Logistics Outlook."},{"key":"9891_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.101942","volume":"54","author":"MK Javed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javed, M. K., & Wu, M. (2020). Effects of online retailer after delivery services on repurchase intention: An empirical analysis of customers\u2019 past experience and future confidence with the retailer. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 101942.","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"9891_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594132","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.594132","volume":"11","author":"MK Javed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javed, M. K., Wu, M., Qadeer, T., Manzoor, A., Nadeem, A. H., & Shouse, R. C. (2020). Role of online retailers\u2019 post-sale services in building relationships and developing repurchases: A comparison-based analysis among male and female customers. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 594132.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"9891_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2020.100880","volume":"54","author":"B Jullien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jullien, B., & Sand-Zantman, W. (2021). The economics of platforms: A theory guide for competition policy. Information Economics and Policy, 54, 100880.","journal-title":"Information Economics and Policy"},{"key":"9891_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21341-5","volume-title":"Modeling discrete competitive facility location","author":"A Karakitsiou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karakitsiou, A. (2015). Modeling discrete competitive facility location. Springer."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"9891_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1504\/IJDSS.2016.081735","volume":"2","author":"A Karakitsiou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karakitsiou, A., & Migdalas, A. (2016). Nash type games in competitive facilities location. International Journal of Decision Support Systems, 2(1\u20133), 4\u201312.","journal-title":"International Journal of Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"9891_CR50","unstructured":"Kashyaap, S. (2021). With over a million orders in a day, how Swiggy uses AI to deliver convenience. YourStory."},{"key":"9891_CR51","unstructured":"Khator, R. (2023). Swiggy & Zomato\u2014idle capacity analysis. Startup Indian."},{"key":"9891_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohar, A., & Jakhar, S.\u00a0K. (2021). A capacitated multi pickup online food delivery problem with time windows: A branch-and-cut algorithm. Annals of Operations Research, 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4086619"},{"issue":"10","key":"9891_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2021.1957861","volume":"54","author":"A Konak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konak, A., Kulturel-Konak, S., & Snyder, L. V. (2022). Nash equilibrium sorting genetic algorithm for simultaneous competitive maximal covering location with multiple players. Engineering Optimization, 54(10), 1709\u20131723.","journal-title":"Engineering Optimization"},{"issue":"7","key":"9891_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.20316","volume":"55","author":"AM Kwasnica","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kwasnica, A. M., & Stavrulaki, E. (2008). Competitive location and capacity decisions for firms serving time-sensitive customers. Naval Research Logistics (NRL), 55(7), 704\u2013721.","journal-title":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)"},{"key":"9891_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11590-015-0930-3","volume":"11","author":"A Lan\u010dinskas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lan\u010dinskas, A., Fern\u00e1ndez, P., Peleg\u00edn, B., & \u017dilinskas, J. (2017). Improving solution of discrete competitive facility location problems. Optimization Letters, 11, 259\u2013270.","journal-title":"Optimization Letters"},{"key":"9891_CR56","volume-title":"Essentials of game theory: A concise multidisciplinary introduction","author":"K Leyton-Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leyton-Brown, K., & Shoham, Y. (2022). Essentials of game theory: A concise multidisciplinary introduction. Springer Nature."},{"issue":"14","key":"9891_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5528","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145528","volume":"12","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, C., Mirosa, M., & Bremer, P. (2020). Review of online food delivery platforms and their impacts on sustainability. Sustainability, 12(14), 5528.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"9891_CR58","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhang, T., Wang, L., Ma, H., & Zhao, X. (2022). A minimax regret model for the leader\u2013follower facility location problem. Annals of Operations Research, 1\u201322."},{"key":"9891_CR59","unstructured":"Lidhoo, P. (2018). We invest in making our core stronger: Swiggy. Fortune India."},{"issue":"7","key":"9891_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13737","volume":"31","author":"YH Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, Y. H., Tian, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Locating facilities under competition and market expansion: Formulation, optimization, and implications. Production and Operations Management, 31(7), 3021\u20133042.","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"9891_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7521","DOI":"10.1002\/er.6332","volume":"45","author":"R Lotfi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lotfi, R., Mardani, N., & Weber, G.-W. (2021). Robust bi-level programming for renewable energy location. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(5), 7521\u20137534.","journal-title":"International Journal of Energy Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(03)00241-7","volume":"32","author":"RG McGarvey","year":"2005","unstructured":"McGarvey, R. G., & Cavalier, T. M. (2005). Constrained location of competitive facilities in the plane. Computers & Operations Research, 32(2), 359\u2013378.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.03.008","volume":"310","author":"G M\u00e9ndez-Vogel","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Vogel, G., Marianov, V., & L\u00fcer-Villagra, A. (2023). The follower competitive facility location problem under the nested logit choice rule. European Journal of Operational Research, 310(2), 834\u2013846.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"9891_CR64","volume-title":"Discrete location theory","author":"PB Mirchandani","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mirchandani, P. B., & Francis, R. L. (1990). Discrete location theory. Wiley-Interscience."},{"key":"9891_CR65","unstructured":"Mittal, A. (2022). Flurry of orders rings out 2021 for Swiggy, Zomato. The Economic Times."},{"key":"9891_CR66","unstructured":"Moghe, R. (2022). Logistic zones for assignment. Swiggy Bytes."},{"key":"9891_CR67","unstructured":"Muller, C. (2018). Restaurant delivery: Are the \u201cODP\u201d the industry\u2019s \u201cOTA\u201d? Part II. Boston Hospitality Review, 6(3)."},{"key":"9891_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2307\/1969529","volume":"54","author":"J Nash","year":"1951","unstructured":"Nash, J. (1951). Non-cooperative games. Annals of Mathematics, 54, 286\u2013295.","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics"},{"key":"9891_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.07.045","volume":"124","author":"MM Nasiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nasiri, M. M., Mahmoodian, V., Rahbari, A., & Farahmand, S. (2018). A modified genetic algorithm for the capacitated competitive facility location problem with the partial demand satisfaction. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 124, 435\u2013448.","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00186-6","volume":"111","author":"SH Owen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Owen, S. H., & Daskin, M. S. (1998). Strategic facility location: A review. European Journal of Operational Research, 111(3), 423\u2013447.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0000(05)80063-7","volume":"48","author":"CH Papadimitriou","year":"1994","unstructured":"Papadimitriou, C. H. (1994). On the complexity of the parity argument and other inefficient proofs of existence. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 48(3), 498\u2013532.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"},{"key":"9891_CR72","unstructured":"Paul, B. (2023). Zomato, Swiggy\u2019s new strategy to drive profitability: Focus on core strengths. Business Today."},{"key":"9891_CR73","unstructured":"Pillai, S. (2017). Swiggy expands restaurants\u2019 reach to remote locations. The Times of India."},{"issue":"4","key":"9891_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/13675567.2019.1696290","volume":"23","author":"R Pinto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinto, R., Zambetti, M., Lagorio, A., & Pirola, F. (2020). A network design model for a meal delivery service using drones. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 23(4), 354\u2013374.","journal-title":"International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00169-7","volume":"129","author":"F Plastria","year":"2001","unstructured":"Plastria, F. (2001). Static competitive facility location: An overview of optimisation approaches. European Journal of Operational Research, 129(3), 461\u2013470.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2006.03.015","volume":"63","author":"R Porter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Porter, R., Nudelman, E., & Shoham, Y. (2008). Simple search methods for finding a Nash equilibrium. Games and Economic Behavior, 63(2), 642\u2013662.","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"9891_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.05.025","volume":"51","author":"A Ray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ray, A., Dhir, A., Bala, P. K., & Kaur, P. (2019). Why do people use food delivery apps (FDA)? A uses and gratification theory perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 221\u2013230.","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"9891_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9787.1986.tb00824.x","volume":"26","author":"C ReVelle","year":"1986","unstructured":"ReVelle, C. (1986). The maximum capture or \u201csphere of influence\u2019\u2019 location problem: Hotelling revisited on a network. Journal of Regional Science, 26(2), 343\u2013358.","journal-title":"Journal of Regional Science"},{"key":"9891_CR79","first-page":"2018","volume":"6571","author":"D Reyes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reyes, D., Erera, A., Savelsbergh, M., Sahasrabudhe, S., & O\u2019Neil, R. (2018). The meal delivery routing problem. Optimization Online, 6571, 2018.","journal-title":"Optimization Online"},{"issue":"6","key":"9891_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206320969791","volume":"47","author":"J Rietveld","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rietveld, J., & Schilling, M. A. (2021). Platform competition: A systematic and interdisciplinary review of the literature. Journal of Management, 47(6), 1528\u20131563.","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.23.3.125","volume":"23","author":"M Rysman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rysman, M. (2009). The economics of two-sided markets. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(3), 125\u201343.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"9891_CR82","unstructured":"Sandholm, T., Gilpin, A., & Conitzer, V. (2005). Mixed-integer programming methods for finding Nash equilibria. In  AAAI (pp. 495\u2013501)."},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR83","first-page":"378","volume":"27","author":"AK Santra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santra, A. K. (2020). Constrained multifacility location problems-a review. International Journal of Industrial Engineering, 27(3), 378\u2013410.","journal-title":"International Journal of Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"9891_CR84","unstructured":"Sen, A. (2018). How Swiggy became India\u2019s fastest unicorn. LiveMint."},{"issue":"4","key":"9891_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00882.x","volume":"34","author":"D Serra","year":"1994","unstructured":"Serra, D., & ReVelle, C. (1994). Market capture by two competitors: The preemptive location problem. Journal of Regional Science, 34(4), 549\u2013561.","journal-title":"Journal of Regional Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.1999.31.1.109","volume":"31","author":"D Serra","year":"1999","unstructured":"Serra, D., & ReVelle, C. (1999). Competitive location and pricing on networks. Geographical Analysis, 31(1), 109\u2013129.","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"key":"9891_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-017-2579-z","volume":"273","author":"W Shan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shan, W., Yan, Q., Chen, C., Zhang, M., Yao, B., & Fu, X. (2019). Optimization of competitive facility location for chain stores. Annals of Operations Research, 273, 187\u2013205.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"9891_CR88","unstructured":"Sharma, D. (2023). Zomato exits 225 cities, reports losses of Rs 346 crore: All details here. India Today."},{"key":"9891_CR89","unstructured":"Sharma, I. (2017). Ola just acquired Foodpanda. How\u2019s that going to work? Scroll.in."},{"issue":"8","key":"9891_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-10-2021-1273","volume":"34","author":"A Shroff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shroff, A., Shah, B. J., & Gajjar, H. (2022). Online food delivery research: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(8), 2852\u20132883.","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"9891_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/15378020.2018.1546076","volume":"22","author":"D Suhartanto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suhartanto, D., Helmi Ali, M., Tan, K. H., Sjahroeddin, F., & Kusdibyo, L. (2019). Loyalty toward online food delivery service: The role of e-service quality and food quality. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 22(1), 81\u201397.","journal-title":"Journal of Foodservice Business Research"},{"key":"9891_CR92","unstructured":"The Brand Hopper Team. (2023). The Swiggy story : Startup\u2019s strategy for growth and expansion. The Brand Hopper."},{"key":"9891_CR93","unstructured":"The PM Playbook. (2023). Zomato vs. Swiggy. Medium."},{"key":"9891_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143607","volume":"756","author":"EB Tirkolaee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tirkolaee, E. B., Abbasian, P., & Weber, G.-W. (2021). Sustainable fuzzy multi-trip location-routing problem for medical waste management during the COVID-19 outbreak. Science of the Total Environment, 756, 143607.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"9891_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115751","volume":"186","author":"HH Turan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turan, H. H., Kahagalage, S. D., Jalalvand, F., & El Sawah, S. (2021). A multi-objective simulation-optimization for a joint problem of strategic facility location, workforce planning, and capacity allocation: A case study in the Royal Australian Navy. Expert Systems with Applications, 186, 115751.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"9891_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-022-00666-z","volume":"44","author":"MW Ulmer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ulmer, M. W., Erera, A., & Savelsbergh, M. (2022). Dynamic service area sizing in urban delivery. OR Spectrum, 44(3), 763\u2013793.","journal-title":"OR Spectrum"},{"key":"9891_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.10.031","volume":"215","author":"S Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, S., Chen, H., & Wu, D. (2019). Regulating platform competition in two-sided markets under the O2O era. International Journal of Production Economics, 215, 131\u2013143.","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"9891_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2020.113467","volume":"142","author":"X Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, X. (2021). What are customers commenting on, and how is their satisfaction affected? Examining online reviews in the on-demand food service context. Decision Support Systems, 142, 113467.","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"9891_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2016.07.002","volume":"93","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Snyder, L. V., Ralphs, T. K., & Xue, Z. (2016). The competitive facility location problem under disruption risks. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 93, 453\u2013473.","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"}],"container-title":["Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10660-024-09891-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10660-024-09891-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10660-024-09891-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:02:22Z","timestamp":1766404942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10660-024-09891-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10660-024-09891-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5753","1572-9362"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1389-5753"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-9362"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}