{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:34:51Z","timestamp":1791459291861,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-005-1290-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]],"date-time":"2005-06-16T14:21:06Z","timestamp":1118931666000},"page":"311-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":358,"title":["Studying Software Engineers: Data Collection Techniques for Software Field Studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Lethbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Elliott","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"1290_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-908X(199905\/06)11:3<201::AID-SMR192>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"11","author":"N. Anquetil","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anquetil, N., and Lethbridge, T.C. 1999. Recovering software architecture from the names of source files. Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice 11: 201\u2013221.","journal-title":"Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice"},{"key":"1290_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(01)00125-X","volume":"62","author":"N. Baddoo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baddoo, N., and Hall, T. 2002. Motivators of software process improvement: An analysis of practitioners\u2019 views. Journal of Systems and Software 62: 85\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"1290_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(02)00060-2","volume":"66","author":"N. Baddoo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baddoo, N., and Hall, T. 2002. De-motivators of software process improvement: An analysis of practitioners\u2019 views. Journal of Systems and Software 66: 23\u201333.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"1290_CR4","unstructured":"Basili, V. R. Software modeling and measurement: The Goal\/Question\/Metric paradigm, Tech. Rep. CS-TR-2956, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Sept. 1992."},{"key":"1290_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021764731148","volume":"8","author":"S. Beecham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beecham, S., Hall, T., and Rainer, A. 2003. Software process improvement problems in twelve software companies: An empirical analysis. Empirical Software Engineering 8: 7\u201342.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR6","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Walking Away from the Desktop Computer: Distributed Collaboration and Mobility in a Product Design Team","author":"V. Bellotti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bellotti, V., and Bly, S. 1996. Walking Away from the Desktop Computer: Distributed Collaboration and Mobility in a Product Design Team. Cambridge, MA: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, pp. 209\u2013219."},{"key":"1290_CR7","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Beyond Program Understanding: A Look at Programming Expertise in Industry. Empirical Studies of Programmers","author":"L. M. Berlin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berlin, L. M. 1993. Beyond Program Understanding: A Look at Programming Expertise in Industry. Empirical Studies of Programmers. Palo Alto: Fifth Workshop, 6\u201325."},{"issue":"1","key":"1290_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014866909191","volume":"7","author":"L. Bratthall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bratthall, L., and J\u00f8rgensen, M. 2002. Can you trust a single data source exploratory software engineering case study? Empirical Software Engineering: An International Journal 7(1): 9\u201326.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering: An International Journal"},{"key":"1290_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00125812","volume":"1","author":"L. Briand","year":"1996","unstructured":"Briand, L., El Emam, K., and Morasca, S. 1996. On the application of measurement theory in software engineering. Empirical Software Engineering 1: 61\u201388.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR10","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Measuring Comprehension Behaviour Through System Monitoring","author":"J. Buckley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buckley, J., and Cahill, T. 1997. Measuring Comprehension Behaviour Through System Monitoring, Int. Workshop on Empirical Studies of Software Maintenance, Bari, Italy, 109\u2013113."},{"key":"1290_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(02)00088-2","volume":"67","author":"D. Budgen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Budgen, D., and Thomson, M. 2003. CASE tool Evaluation: Experiences from an empirical study. Journal of Systems and Software 67: 55\u201375.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"1290_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0603_1","volume":"6","author":"M. Chi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chi, M. 1997. Quantifying qualitative analyzes of verbal data: A practical guide. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 6(3): 271\u2013315.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"1290_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1145\/50087.50089","volume":"31","author":"B. Curtis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Curtis, B., Krasner, H., and Iscoe, N. 1988. A field study of the software design process for large systems. Communications of the ACM 31(11): November, 1268\u20131287.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1290_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EMSE.0000013514.19567.ad","volume":"9","author":"D. Damian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Damian, D., Zowghi, D., Vaidyanathasamy, L., and Pal, Y. 2004. An industrial case study of immediate benefits of requirements engineering process improvement at the australian center for unisys software. Empirical Software Engineering: An International Journal 9(1\u20132): 45\u201375.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering: An International Journal"},{"key":"1290_CR15","volume-title":"Group Techniques for Program Planning","author":"A. L. Delbecq","year":"1975","unstructured":"Delbecq, A. L., Van de Ven, A. H., Gustafson, D. H. 1975. Group Techniques for Program Planning. Scott. Glenview, IL: Foresman & Co."},{"key":"1290_CR16","volume-title":"Surveys in Social Research","author":"D. A. DeVaus","year":"1996","unstructured":"DeVaus, D. A. 1996. Surveys in Social Research. 4th edition. London: UCL Press.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1290_CR17","unstructured":"Draper, S. 2004. The Hawthorne Effect. http:\/\/www.psy.gla.ac.uk\/~steve\/hawth.html."},{"key":"1290_CR18","volume-title":"Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data","author":"K. Ericcson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ericcson, K., and Simon, H. 1984. Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press."},{"key":"1290_CR19","volume-title":"Constructing Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires: Theory and Practice in Social Research","author":"W. Foddy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Foddy, W. 1994. Constructing Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires: Theory and Practice in Social Research. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"1290_CR20","unstructured":"Hassan, A., Holt, R., and Mockus, A. 2004. MSR 20004: The international workshop on mining software repositories. Proc. ICSE 2004: International Conference on Software Engineering, Scotland, UK, May pp. 23\u201328."},{"issue":"6","key":"1290_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1205177","volume":"29","author":"J. Herbsleb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herbsleb, J., and Mockus, A. 2003. An empirical study of speed and communication in globally distributed software development. IEEE Transactions Software Engineering 29(6): 481\u2013494.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"1290_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.1265814","volume":"30","author":"B. Hungerford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hungerford, B., Hevner, A., and Collins, R. 2004. Reviewing software diagrams: A cognitive study. IEEE, Transactions Software Engineering 30(2): 82\u201396.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"10","key":"1290_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1145\/236156.236183","volume":"39","author":"J. Iivari","year":"1996","unstructured":"Iivari, J. 1996. Why are CASE tools not used? Communications of the ACM 39(10): October, 94\u2013103.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"4","key":"1290_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.2307\/2392366","volume":"24","author":"T. Jick","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jick, T. 1979. Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly 24(4): December, 602\u2013611.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"1290_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0401_2","volume":"4","author":"B. Jordan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jordan, B., and Henderson, A. 1995. Interaction analysis: Foundations and practice. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 4(1): 39\u2013103.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"1290_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.4360070104","volume":"7","author":"M. J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1995","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, M. 1995. An empirical study of software maintenance tasks. Software Maintenance: Research and Practice 7: 27\u201348.","journal-title":"Software Maintenance: Research and practice"},{"key":"1290_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keller, R., Schauer, R., Robitaille, S., and Page, P. 1999. Pattern-based reverse engineering of design components. In: Proc, Int. Conf. Software Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 226\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1145\/302405.302622"},{"key":"1290_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-908X(199707\/08)9:4<235::AID-SMR153>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"9","author":"C. F. Kemerer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kemerer, C. F., and Slaughter, S. A. 1997. Determinants of software maintenance profiles: An empirical investigation. Software Maintenance: Research and Practice 9: 235\u2013251.","journal-title":"Software Maintenance: Research and Practice"},{"key":"1290_CR29","unstructured":"Kensing, F. 1998. Prompted Reflections: A Technique for Understanding Complex Work. interactions, January\/February, 7\u201315."},{"issue":"1","key":"1290_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(00)00009-1","volume":"53","author":"T. C. Lethbridge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lethbridge, T. C. 2000. Priorities for the education and training of software engineers. Journal of Systems and Software 53(1): 53\u201371.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"1290_CR31","volume-title":"Advances in Software Engineering: Topics in Evolution, Comprehension and Evaluation","author":"T. C. Lethbridge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lethbridge, T. C., and Anquetil, N. 2000. Evaluation of approaches to clustering for program comprehension and remodularization. In H. Erdogmus and O. Tanir, (eds), Advances in Software Engineering: Topics in Evolution, Comprehension and Evaluation, New York: Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"1290_CR32","volume-title":"Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Practical Software Development Using UML and Java","author":"T. C. Lethbridge","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lethbridge, T. C., and Lagani\u00e8re, R. 2001. Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Practical Software Development Using UML and Java. London: McGraw-Hill."},{"issue":"4","key":"1290_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2307\/2392365","volume":"24","author":"M. B. Miles","year":"1979","unstructured":"Miles, M. B. 1979. Qualitative data as an attractive nuisance: The problem of analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly 24(4): 590\u2013601.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"1290_CR34","volume-title":"Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook","author":"M. B. Miles","year":"1994","unstructured":"Miles, M. B., and Huberman, A. M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"1290_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1145\/567793.567795","volume":"11","author":"A. Mockus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mockus, A., Fielding, R. T., and Herbsleb, J. D. 2002. Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and mozilla. ACM Trans. on Software Engineering and Methodology 11(3) 209\u2013246.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"1290_CR36","unstructured":"NASA, SEL COTS Study Phase 1 Initial Characterization Study Report, SEL-98-001, August 1998, http:\/\/sel.gsfc.nasa.gov\/website\/documents\/online-doc.htm."},{"key":"1290_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. 1997. The Use and Misuse of Focus Groups. http:\/\/www.useit.com\/papers\/focusgroups.html.","DOI":"10.1109\/52.566434"},{"key":"1290_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, D. E., Staudenmayer, N., and Votta, L. 1994. People, organizations, and process improvement. IEEE Software July, 37\u201345.","DOI":"10.1109\/52.300082"},{"key":"1290_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfleeger, S. L., and Hatton, L. 1997. Investigating the influence of formal methods. Computer February, 33\u201343.","DOI":"10.1109\/2.566148"},{"issue":"6","key":"1290_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1145\/505532.505535","volume":"26","author":"S. Pfleeger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfleeger, S., and Kitchenham, B. 2001. Principles of survey research Part 1: Turning lemons into lemonade. Software Engineering Notes 26(6) 16\u201318.","journal-title":"Software Engineering Notes"},{"issue":"6","key":"1290_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1109\/32.601071","volume":"23","author":"A. A. Porter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Porter, A. A., Siy, H. P., Toman, C. A., and Votta, L. G. 1997. An experiment to assess the cost-benefits of code inspections in large scale software development. IEEE Transactions Software Engineering 23(6): 329\u2013346.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Punter, T., Ciolkowski, M., Freimut, B., John, I. 2003. Conducting on-line surveys in software engineering. Proceedings Int. Symp. on Empirical Software Eng. \u201803, pp. 80\u201388.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISESE.2003.1237967"},{"key":"1290_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(02)00059-6","volume":"66","author":"A. Rainer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rainer, A., and Hall, T. 2003. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of factors affecting software processes. Journal of Systems and Software 66: 7\u201321.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"1290_CR44","volume-title":"Essentials of Organizational Behavior","author":"S. P. Robbins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Robbins, S. P. 1994. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 4th edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1290_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robillard, P. N., d\u2019Astous, P., D\u00e9tienne, D., and Visser, W. 1998. Measuring cognitive activities in software engineering. Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Software Engineering, Japan, pp. 292\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1998.671342"},{"key":"1290_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1109\/WPC.1997.601275","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Program Comprehension","author":"J. Sayyad-Shirabad","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sayyad-Shirabad, J., Lethbridge, T. C., and Lyon, S. 1997. A little knowledge can go a long way towards program understanding. Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Program Comprehension. Dearborn, MI: IEEE, pp. 111\u2013117."},{"key":"1290_CR47","unstructured":"Sayyad Shirabad, J., Lethbridge, T. C., and Matwin, S. 2003. Applying data mining to software maintenance records. Proc CASCON 2003, Toronto, October, IBM, in ACM Digital Library, pp. 136\u2013148."},{"key":"1290_CR48","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd. Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering","author":"W. Scacchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scacchi, W. 2003. Issues and experiences in modeling open source software processes. Proc. 3rd. Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering, Portland, OR: 25th. Int. Conf. Software Engineering, May."},{"issue":"7","key":"1290_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1109\/32.708569","volume":"24","author":"C. B. Seaman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seaman, C. B., and Basili, V. R. 1998. Communication and organization: An empirical study of discussion in inspection meetings. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering 24(7): July, 559\u2013572.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1232288","volume":"29","author":"C. Seaman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seaman, C., Mendonca, M., Basili, V., and Kim, Y. 2003. User interface evaluation and empirically-based evolution of a prototype experience management tool. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 29: 838\u2013850.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR51","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"S. Seigel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Seigel, S., and Castellan, N. J. 1988. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edition. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1290_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1109\/32.881720","volume":"26","author":"F. Shull","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shull, F., Lanubile, F., and Basili, V. 2000. Investigating reading techniques for object-oriented framework learning. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 26: 1101\u20131118.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim S. E., and Holt, R. C. 1998. The ramp-up problem in software projects: A case study of how software immigrants naturalize. Proc. 20th Int. Conf. on Software Engineering, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 361\u2013370, April.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1998.671389"},{"key":"1290_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim, S. E., Clarke, C. L. A., and Holt, R. C. 1998. Archetypal source code searches: A survey of software developers and maintainers. Proc. Int. Workshop on Program Comprehension, Ischia, Italy. pp. 180\u2013187.","DOI":"10.1109\/WPC.1998.693351"},{"key":"1290_CR55","unstructured":"Singer, J., Lethbridge, T., Vinson, N., and Anquetil, N. 1997. An examination of software engineering work practices. Proc. CASCON. IBM Toronto, 209\u2013223, October."},{"key":"1290_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, J. 1998. Practices of software maintenance. Proc. Int. Conf. on Software Maintenance. Washington, DC, November, pp. 139\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.1998.738502"},{"key":"1290_CR57","unstructured":"Singer, J., Lethbridge, T. C., and Vinson, N. 1998. Work practices as an alternative method to assist tool design in software engineering. Proc. International Workshop on Program Comprehension. Ischia, Italy, pp. 173\u2013179."},{"key":"1290_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, J., and Vinson, N. Ethical issues in empirical studies of software engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 28: 1171\u20131180.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2002.1158289"},{"key":"1290_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snelling, L., and Bruce-Smith, D. 1997. The work mapping technique. Interactions 25\u201331, July\/August.","DOI":"10.1145\/259330.259349"},{"key":"1290_CR60","unstructured":"Som\u00e9, S. S., and Lethbridge T. C. 1998. Parsing minimizing when extracting information from code in the presence of conditional compilation. Proc. 6th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension. Italy, June pp. 118\u2013125."},{"key":"1290_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2002.1019481","volume":"28","author":"S. Teasley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Teasley, S., Covi, L, Krishnan, M., and Olson, J. 2002. Rapid software development through team collocation. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 28: 671\u2013683.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"1290_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Mayrhauser, A., and Vans, A. M. 1993. From program comprehension to tool requirements for an industrial environment. Proc. of the 2nd Workshop on Program Comprehension, Capri, Italy, July, pp. 78\u201386.","DOI":"10.1109\/WPC.1993.263903"},{"key":"1290_CR63","unstructured":"von Mayrhauser, A., and Vans, A. M. 1995. Program understanding: Models and experiments. In: M. C. Yovita and M. V. Zelkowitz, (eds), Advances in Computers, Vol. 40, Academic Press, pp. 1\u201338."},{"key":"1290_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walenstein, A. 2003. Observing and measuring cognitive support: Steps toward systematic tool evaluation and engineering. Proc. the 11th IEEE Workshop on Program Comprehension.","DOI":"10.1109\/WPC.2003.1199202"},{"issue":"10","key":"1290_CR65","first-page":"62","volume":"36","author":"D. B. Walz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Walz, D. B., Elam, J. J., and Curtis, B. 1993. Inside a software design team: Knowledge acquisition, sharing, and integration. Communications of the ACM 36(10): October, 62\u201377.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"1290_CR66","unstructured":"Williams, L., Kessler, R. R., Cunningham, W., and Jeffries, R. 2000. Strengthening the case for pair-programming, IEEE Software July\/Aug, 19\u201325."},{"key":"1290_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, A., and Rosenblum, D. 1993. A study in software process data capture and analysis. Proc. 2nd International Conference on Software Process February, pp. 115\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCON.1993.236817"},{"key":"1290_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., Graham, T., Smith, P. 2003. A study of collaboration in software design. Proc. Int. Symp. Empirical Software Eng. \u201803.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISESE.2003.1237991"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1290-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1290-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1290-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T19:32:20Z","timestamp":1586287940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1290-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1290-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}