{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T06:42:47Z","timestamp":1769236967674,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-005-1451-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]],"date-time":"2005-06-16T14:21:06Z","timestamp":1118931666000},"page":"343-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using Metaphor to Analyse Qualitative Data: Vulcans and Humans in Software Development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Woodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Hovenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"1451_CR1","volume-title":"Ethnographic Research: A Reader","author":"C. E. Alexander","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alexander, C. E. 2002. \u2018One of the boys\u2019: Black masculinity and the peer group. In: S. Taylor, (ed), Ethnographic Research: A Reader. London: Sage Publications Ltd."},{"key":"1451_CR2","unstructured":"Aubusson, P. 2002. Using metaphor to make sense and build theory in qualitative analysis. The Qualitative Report 7(4): www.nova.edu\/ssss\/QR."},{"key":"1451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(01)00125-X","volume":"62","author":"N. Baddoo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baddoo, N., and Hall, T. 2002a. Motivators of software process improvement: An analysis of practitioners\u2019 views. Journal of Systems and Software 62: 85\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"1451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015203013834","volume":"7","author":"N. Baddoo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baddoo, N., and Hall, T. 2002b. Software process improvement motivators: An analysis using multidimensional scaling. Empirical Software Engineering 7: 93\u2013114.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1086\/202006","volume":"19","author":"B. E. F. Beck","year":"1978","unstructured":"Beck, B. E. F. 1978. The metaphor as a mediator between semantic and analogic modes of thought. Current Anthropology 19(1): 83\u201397.","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"key":"1451_CR6","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Metaphor and Thought","author":"M. Black","year":"1979","unstructured":"Black, M. 1979. More about metaphor. In: A. Ortony, (ed), Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 19\u201343."},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1996.tb00841.x","volume":"27","author":"S. A. Black","year":"1996","unstructured":"Black, S. A., and Porter, L. J. 1996. Identification of the critical factors of TQM. Decision Sciences 27(1): 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"key":"1451_CR8","unstructured":"Blackwell, A. F. 1998. Metaphor in Diagrams. University of Cambridge."},{"key":"1451_CR9","unstructured":"BS5750 1987. Parts 1\u20133 Quality Systems, HMSO."},{"key":"1451_CR10","volume-title":"The Human Side of Mergers and Acquisitions","author":"A. F. Buono","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buono, A. F., and Bowditch, J. L. 1989. The Human Side of Mergers and Acquisitions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers."},{"key":"1451_CR11","volume-title":"Quality is Free, McGraw-Hill","author":"P. B. Crosby","year":"1979","unstructured":"Crosby, P. B. 1979. Quality is Free. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"issue":"11","key":"1451_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1145\/50087.50089","volume":"31","author":"B. Curtis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Curtis, B., Krasner, H., and Iscoe, N. 1988. A field study of the software design process for large systems. Communications of the ACM 31(11): 1268\u20131287.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"1451_CR13","volume-title":"The People CMM: Guidelines for Improving the Workforce","author":"B. Curtis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Curtis, B., Hefley, W. E., and Miller, S. A. 2002. The People CMM: Guidelines for Improving the Workforce. Wesley: Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"1451_CR14","volume-title":"Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life","author":"T. Deal","year":"1988","unstructured":"Deal, T., and Kennedy, A. 1988. Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. London: Penguin."},{"key":"1451_CR15","unstructured":"DeMarco, T., and Lister, T. 1987. Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams. Dorset House Publishing."},{"key":"1451_CR16","volume-title":"Out of the Crisis","author":"W. E. Deming","year":"1982","unstructured":"Deming, W. E. 1982. Out of the Crisis. Cambridge MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"1451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009800404137","volume":"5","author":"T. Dyba","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dyba, T. 2000. An instrument for measuring the key factors of success in software process improvement. Empirical Software Engineering 5: 357\u2013390.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"1451_CR18","first-page":"65","volume-title":"The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design","author":"T. D. Erickson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Erickson, T. D. 1990. Working with interface metaphors. In: B. Laurel, (ed), The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, Boston: Addison-Wesley, pp. 65\u201373."},{"key":"1451_CR19","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Metaphor: Problems and Perspectives","author":"D. Gentner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gentner, D. 1982. Are scientific analogies metaphors?. In: D. S. Miall, (ed), Metaphor: Problems and Perspectives, Brighton: The Harvester Press, pp. 106\u2013132."},{"issue":"2","key":"1451_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0702_3","volume":"7","author":"D. Gentner","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gentner, D. 1983. Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science 7(2): 155\u2013170.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"1451_CR21","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Software Quality Management","author":"P. A. V. Hall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hall, P. A. V., Sharp, H. C. and Woodman, M. 1993. What is behind software quality management systems?. In: M. Ross, C. A. Brebbia, G. Staples, and J. Stapleton, (eds), Software Quality Management. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics and Elsevier, pp. 225\u2013232."},{"key":"1451_CR22","volume-title":"Models and Analogies in Science","author":"M. B. Hesse","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hesse, M. B. 1966. Models and Analogies in Science. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.1.29","volume":"2","author":"R. Hirschheim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirschheim, R., and Newman, M. 2001. Symbolism and information systems development: Myth, metaphor and magic. Information Systems Research 2(1): 29\u201362.","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"1451_CR24","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Software Quality Management","author":"F. M. Hovenden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hovenden, F. M., Yates, S., Sharp, H. C., and Woodman, M. 1994. The use of ethnography with discourse analysis in the study of software quality management systems. In: M. Ross, C. A. Brebbia, G. Staples, and J. Stapleton, (eds), Software Quality Management II. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics Publications, pp. 557\u2013572."},{"key":"1451_CR25","unstructured":"ISO8402 1994. Quality Vocabulary."},{"key":"1451_CR26","unstructured":"ISO9000 2000. Quality Management."},{"key":"1451_CR27","volume-title":"Quality Control Handbook","year":"1988","unstructured":"Juran, J. M. (ed) 1988. Quality Control Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"1451_CR28","volume-title":"SPICE: The Theory and Practice of Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination","year":"1997","unstructured":"El Emam, K., Drouin, J.-N., and Melo, W. (eds) 1997. SPICE: The Theory and Practice of Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination. London: John Wiley."},{"key":"1451_CR29","volume-title":"Metaphors we Live by","author":"G. Lakoff","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lakoff, G., and Johnson, M. 1980. Metaphors we Live by. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"1451_CR30","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Metaphor: Problems and Perspectives","author":"J. Martin","year":"1982","unstructured":"Martin, J., and Harre, R. 1982. Metaphor in science. In: D. S. Miall, (ed), Metaphor: Problems and Perspectives, Brighton: The Harvester Press, pp. 89\u2013105."},{"key":"1451_CR31","volume-title":"Total Quality Management","author":"J. S. Oakland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Oakland, J. S. 1994. Total Quality Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd."},{"key":"1451_CR32","unstructured":"Paulk, M. C., Curtis, B., Chrissis, M. B., and Weber, C. V. 1997. Capability maturity model for software, In: M. Dorfman, and R. H. Thayer, (eds), Software Engineering, IEEE."},{"key":"1451_CR33","first-page":"5","volume":"3","author":"J. Pesot","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pesot, J. 1975. Un probleme de semiologie linguistique: Mobilite du signe et monosemie profonde. Canadian Journal of Research in Semiotics 3: 5\u201315.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Research in Semiotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1451_CR34","first-page":"4","volume":"1","author":"D. Pimm","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pimm, D. 1981. Metaphor and analogy in mathematics. For the Learning of Mathematics 1(3): 4\u201350.","journal-title":"For the Learning of Mathematics"},{"key":"1451_CR35","volume-title":"Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction","author":"J. Preece","year":"2002","unstructured":"Preece, J., Rogers, Y., and Sharp, H. 2002. Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc."},{"issue":"4","key":"1451_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1989.tb01421.x","volume":"20","author":"J. V. Saraph","year":"1989","unstructured":"Saraph, J. V., Benson, P. G., and Schroeder, R. G. 1989. An instrument for measuring the critical factors of quality management. Decision Sciences 20(4): 457\u2013478.","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1451_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1109\/32.799955","volume":"25","author":"C. B. Seaman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Seaman, C. B. 1999. Qualitative methods in empirical studies of software engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 25(4): 557\u2013572.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"7","key":"1451_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1109\/32.708569","volume":"24","author":"C. B. Seaman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seaman, C. B. and Basili, V. R. 1998. Communication and organization: an empirical study of discussion in inspection meetings. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 24(7): 559\u2013572.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"1451_CR39","first-page":"170","volume-title":"The Role of Culture in Successful Software Process Improvement","author":"H. Sharp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sharp, H., Robinson, H. M., and Woodman, M. 1999. In: The Role of Culture in Successful Software Process Improvement. Milan, Italy: EUROMICRO \u201899, 170\u2013176."},{"key":"1451_CR40","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Proceedings of PPIG\/EASE 2003","author":"H. Sharp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharp, H., Hovenden, F., and Woodman, M. 2003. Tensions in the adoption and evolution of software quality management systems. In Proceedings of PPIG\/EASE 2003, UK: Keele, 297\u2013312."},{"issue":"2","key":"1451_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2003.12.011","volume":"61","author":"H. Sharp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sharp, H., Woodman, M., and Hovenden, F. 2004. Tensions around the adoption and evolution of software quality management systems: a discourse analytic approach. International Journal of Human-Computer Systems 61(2) 219\u2013239.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Systems"},{"key":"1451_CR42","volume-title":"Inside Star Trek: The Real Story","author":"H. F. Solow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Solow, H. F., and Justman, R. H. 1996. Inside Star Trek: The Real Story. New York: Pocket Books."},{"key":"1451_CR43","volume-title":"Changing Culture: New Organisational Approaches","author":"A. Williams","year":"1993","unstructured":"Williams, A., Dobson, P., and Walters, M. 1993, Changing Culture: New Organisational Approaches. 2nd edition. London: Institute of Personnel Management.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1451_CR44","first-page":"304","volume-title":"A Study of Collaboration in Software Design","author":"J. Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu, J., Graham, T. C. N., and Smith, P. W. 2003. In: A Study of Collaboration in Software Design, International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, Rome, Italy, pp. 304\u2013313."}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1451-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1451-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1451-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T21:15:04Z","timestamp":1559250904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1451-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-005-1451-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}