{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T21:27:33Z","timestamp":1774128453358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,8]],"date-time":"2014-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-013-9291-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T01:07:07Z","timestamp":1394154427000},"page":"640-693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Empirical evidence on the link between object-oriented measures and external quality attributes: a systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ronald","family":"Jabangwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"B\u00f6rstler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Darja","family":"\u0160mite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Wohlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"9291_CR1","unstructured":"Abreu F B, Carapu\u00e7a R (1994) Object-oriented software engineering: measuring and controlling the development process. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on software quality, vol 186"},{"key":"9291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abreu F, Melo W (1996) Evaluating the impact of object-oriented design on software quality. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international software metrics symposium, pp 90\u201399","DOI":"10.1109\/METRIC.1996.492446"},{"key":"9291_CR3","unstructured":"Abreu F B E, Goul\u00e3o M, Esteves R, Abreu O B E (1995) Toward the design quality evaluation of object-oriented software systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on software quality, pp 44\u201357"},{"key":"9291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abubakar A, AlGhamdi J, Ahmed M (2006) Can cohesion predict fault density? In: Proceedings of the 30th IEEE international conference on computer systems and applications, pp 890\u2013893","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2006.205193"},{"issue":"10","key":"9291_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2007.6.10.a5","volume":"6","author":"K Aggarwal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aggarwal K, Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2007) Investigating effect of design metrics on fault proneness in object-oriented systems. J Object Technol 6(10): 127\u2013141","journal-title":"J Object Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.389","volume":"14","author":"K Aggarwal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aggarwal K, Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2009) Empirical analysis for investigating the effect of object-oriented metrics on fault proneness: a replicated case study. Softw Process: Improv Pract 14(1): 39\u201362","journal-title":"Softw Process: Improv Pract"},{"key":"9291_CR7","unstructured":"Ajrnal Chaumun M, Kabaili H, Keller R, Lustman F (1999) A change impact model for changeability assessment in object-oriented software systems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd european conference on software maintenance and reengineering, 1999, pp 130\u2013138"},{"issue":"9","key":"9291_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2011.03.004","volume":"53","author":"J Al Dallal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al Dallal J (2011a) Improving the applicability of object-oriented class cohesion metrics. Info Softw Technol 53(9): 914\u2013928","journal-title":"Info Softw Technol"},{"key":"9291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2011.01.053","volume":"3","author":"J Al Dallal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al Dallal J (2011b) Transitive-based object-oriented lack-of-cohesion metric. Procedia Comput Sci 3: 1581\u20131587","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"9291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2011.11.007","volume":"54","author":"J Al Dallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al Dallal J (2012a) Fault prediction and the discriminative powers of connectivity-based object-oriented class cohesion metrics. Inf Softw Technol 54(4): 396\u2013416","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.12.006","volume":"85","author":"J Al Dallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al Dallal J (2012b) The impact of accounting for special methods in the measurement of object-oriented class cohesion on refactoring and fault prediction activities. J Syst Softw 85(5): 1042\u20131057","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"12","key":"9291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.08.006","volume":"52","author":"J Al Dallal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al Dallal J, Briand L (2010) An object-oriented high-level design-based class cohesion metric. Inf Softw Technol 52(12): 1346\u20131361","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2089116.2089118","volume":"21","author":"J Al Dallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al Dallal J, Briand L C (2012) A precise method-method interaction-based cohesion metric for object-oriented classes. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 21(2): 8:1\u20138:34","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol"},{"key":"9291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1245305","volume":"29","author":"M Alshayeb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alshayeb M, Li W (2003) An empirical validation of object-oriented metrics in two different iterative software processes. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 29: 1043\u20131049","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1093\/ietisy\/e89-d.4.1347","volume":"E89-D","author":"H Aman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aman H, Mochiduki N, Yamada H (2006) A model for detecting cost-prone classes based on mahalanobis-taguchi method. IEICE Trans Info Syst E89-D: 1347\u20131358","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Info Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"9291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2006.01.002","volume":"48","author":"E Arisholm","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arisholm E (2006) Empirical assessment of the impact of structural properties on the changeability of object-oriented software. Info Softw Technol 48(11): 1046\u20131055","journal-title":"Info Softw Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(00)00003-0","volume":"53","author":"E Arisholm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arisholm E, Sj\u00f8berg D (2000) Towards a framework for empirical assessment of changeability decay. J Syst Softw 53(1): 3\u201314","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babich D, Clarke P J, Power J F, Kibria B M G (2011) Using a class abstraction technique to predict faults in OO classes: a case study through six releases of the eclipse JDT. In: Proceedings of the 2011 ACM symposium on applied computing. ACM, New York, pp 1419\u20131424","DOI":"10.1145\/1982185.1982492"},{"key":"9291_CR19","first-page":"5:5","volume":"2012","author":"M Badri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Badri M, Toure F (2012) Evaluating the effect of control flow on the unit testing effort of classes: an empirical analysis. Adv Soft Eng 2012: 5:5\u20135:17","journal-title":"Adv Soft Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR20","first-page":"69","volume":"5","author":"L Badri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Badri L, Badri M, Toure F (2011) An empirical analysis of lack of cohesion metrics for predicting testability of classes. Int J Softw Eng Appl 5(2): 69\u201386","journal-title":"Int J Softw Eng Appl"},{"key":"9291_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakar N S A A (2011) Empirical analysis of object-oriented coupling and cohesion measures in determining the quality of open source systems. In: Proceedings of the IASTED international conference on software engineering and applications, SEA 2011","DOI":"10.2316\/P.2011.758-037"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1166590","volume":"29","author":"RK Bandi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bandi RK, Vaishnavi VK, Turk DE (2003) Predicting maintenance performance using object-oriented design complexity metrics. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 29(1): 77\u201387","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/32.979986","volume":"28","author":"J Bansiya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bansiya J, Davis C G (2002) A hierarchical model for object-oriented design quality assessment. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 28(1): 4\u201317","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"9291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1109\/32.544352","volume":"22","author":"VR Basili","year":"1996","unstructured":"Basili V R, Briand L C, Melo W L (1996) A validation of object-oriented design metrics as quality indicators. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 22(10): 751\u2013761","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benlarbi S, Melo W (1999) Polymorphism measures for early risk prediction. In: Proceedings of the 1999 international conference on software engineering, pp 334\u2013344","DOI":"10.1145\/302405.302652"},{"key":"9291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benlarbi S, El Emam K, Goel N, Rai S (2000) Thresholds for object-oriented measures. In: Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on software reliability engineering, pp 24\u201338","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2000.885858"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.312","volume":"17","author":"M Bocco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bocco M, Moody D, Piattini M (2005) Assessing the capability of internal metrics as early indicators of maintenance effort through experimentation. J Softw Maint Evol 17(3): 225\u2013246","journal-title":"J Softw Maint Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2006.07.009","volume":"80","author":"P Brereton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brereton P, Kitchenham B A, Budgen D, Turner M, Khalil M (2007) Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. J Syst Softw 80(4): 571\u2013583","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9291_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(02)80005-5","volume":"56","author":"L Briand","year":"2002","unstructured":"Briand L, W\u00fcst J (2002) Empirical studies of quality models in object-oriented systems. Adv Comput 56: 97\u2013166","journal-title":"Adv Comput"},{"key":"9291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briand L, Devanbu P, Melo W (1997) An investigation into coupling measures for C++. In: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on software engineering, pp 412\u2013421","DOI":"10.1145\/253228.253367"},{"key":"9291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briand L C, W\u00fcst J, Ikonomovski S V, Lounis H (1999) Investigating quality factors in object-oriented designs: an industrial case study. In: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on software engineering, pp 345\u2013354","DOI":"10.1145\/302405.302654"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00102-8","volume":"51","author":"LC Briand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Briand L C, W\u00fcst J, Daly J W, Porter D V (2000) Exploring the relationship between design measures and software quality in object-oriented systems. J Syst Softw 51(3): 245\u2013273","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"7","key":"9291_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2002.1019484","volume":"28","author":"L Briand","year":"2002","unstructured":"Briand L, Melo W, W\u00fcst J (2002) Assessing the applicability of fault-proneness models across object-oriented software projects. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 28(7): 706\u2013720","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"9291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2006.02.036","volume":"79","author":"M Bruntink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruntink M, van Deursen A (2006) An empirical study into class testability. J Syst Softw 79(9): 1219\u20131232","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"8","key":"9291_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1109\/32.879814","volume":"26","author":"M Cartwright","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cartwright M, Shepperd M (2000) Empirical investigation of an object-oriented software system. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 26(8): 786\u2013796","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"9291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.10.027","volume":"36","author":"C Catal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Catal C, Diri B (2009) A systematic review of software fault prediction studies. Expert Syst Appl 36(4): 7346\u20137354","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"9291_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catal C, Diri B, Ozumut B (2007) An artificial immune system approach for fault prediction in object-oriented software. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on dependability of computer systems, pp 238\u2013245","DOI":"10.1109\/DEPCOS-RELCOMEX.2007.8"},{"issue":"11","key":"9291_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1145\/118014.117970","volume":"26","author":"S Chidamber","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chidamber S, Kemerer C (1991) Towards a metrics suite for object oriented design. SIGPLAN Not 26(11): 197\u2013211","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not"},{"issue":"6","key":"9291_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1109\/32.295895","volume":"20","author":"SR Chidamber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chidamber S R, Kemerer C F (1994) A metrics suite for object oriented design. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 20(6): 476\u2013493","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"9291_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1109\/32.707698","volume":"24","author":"SR Chidamber","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chidamber S R, Darcy D P, Kemerer C F (1998) Managerial use of metrics for object-oriented software: an exploratory analysis. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 24(8): 629\u2013639","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"9291_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.E93.D.3038","volume":"93","author":"AEC Cruz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz A E C, Ochimizu K (2010) A UML approximation of three Chidamber-Kemerer metrics and their ability to predict faulty code across software projects. IEICE Trans Info Syst 93(11): 3038\u20133050","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Info Syst"},{"key":"9291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dagpinar M, Jahnke J H (2003) Predicting maintainability with object-oriented metrics \u2013 an empirical comparison. In: Proceedings of the 10th working conference on reverse engineering, pp 155\u2013164","DOI":"10.1109\/WCRE.2003.1287246"},{"key":"9291_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dandashi F, Rine D (2002) A method for assessing the reusability of object-oriented code using a validated set of automated measurements. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on applied computing, pp 997\u20131003","DOI":"10.1145\/508791.508985"},{"issue":"11","key":"9291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2005.130","volume":"31","author":"D Darcy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Darcy D, Kemerer C, Slaughter S, Tomayko J (2005) The structural complexity of software: an experimental test. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 31(11): 982\u2013994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"9291_CR45","first-page":"921","volume":"41","author":"J D\u00edaz","year":"2011","unstructured":"D\u00edaz J, P\u00e9rez J, Alarc\u00f3n P P, Garbajosa J (2011) Agile product line engineering\u2013a systematic literature review. Softw: Pract experience 41(8): 921\u2013941","journal-title":"Softw: Pract experience"},{"key":"9291_CR46","unstructured":"Dick S, Sadia A (2006) Fuzzy clustering of open-source software quality data: a case study of Mozilla. In: Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks, pp 4089\u20134096"},{"key":"9291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyb\u00e5 T, Dings\u00f8yr T, Hanssen G (2007) Applying systematic reviews to diverse study types : an experience report. In: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement, pp 225\u2013234","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2007.59"},{"issue":"5","key":"9291_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2002.1000452","volume":"28","author":"K El Emam","year":"2002","unstructured":"El Emam K, Benlarbi S, Goel N, Melo W, Lounis H, Rai S (2002) The optimal class size for object-oriented software. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 28(5): 494\u2013509","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elish MO (2010) Exploring the relationships between design metrics and package understandability: a case study. In: Proeceeding of the 18th IEEE international conference on program comprehension, pp 144\u2013147","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2010.43"},{"key":"9291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elish MO, Rine D (2006) Design structural stability metrics and post-release defect density: an empirical study. In: 30th annual international conference of computer software and applications, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2006.261038"},{"issue":"10","key":"9291_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2011.06.001","volume":"42","author":"MO Elish","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elish MO, Al-Yafei A H, Al-Mulhem M (2011) Empirical comparison of three metrics suites for fault prediction in packages of object-oriented systems: a case study of eclipse. Adv Eng Softw 42(10): 852\u2013 859","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"9291_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eski S, Buzluca F (2011) An empirical study on object-oriented metrics and software evolution in order to reduce testing costs by predicting change-prone classes. In: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international conference on software testing, verification and validation workshops, pp 566\u2013571","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTW.2011.43"},{"key":"9291_CR53","unstructured":"Etzkorn L, Davis C, Li W (1997) A statistical comparison of various definitions of the LCOM metric. Technical Report TR-UAH-CS-1997-02"},{"key":"9291_CR54","volume-title":"Software metrics: a rigorous and practical approach","author":"NE Fenton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fenton N E, Pfleeger S L (1998) Software metrics: a rigorous and practical approach, 2nd edn. PWS Publishing, Boston","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"9291_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fioravanti F, Nesi P (2001) A study on fault-proneness detection of object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of the European conference on software maintenance and reengineering, pp 121\u2013130","DOI":"10.1109\/CSMR.2001.914976"},{"key":"9291_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genero M, Piattini M, Jim\u00e9nez L (2001) Empirical validation of class diagram complexity metrics. In: Proceedings of the 11th internatinal conference of the Chilean computer science society, pp 95\u2013104","DOI":"10.1109\/SCCC.2001.972637"},{"key":"9291_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2005.4.9.a1","volume":"4","author":"M Genero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Genero M, Piattini M, Calero C (2005) A survey of metrics for UML class diagrams. J Object Technol 4: 59\u201392","journal-title":"J Object Technol"},{"key":"9291_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giger E, Pinzger M, Gall H (2012) Can we predict types of code changes? An empirical analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE working conference on mining software repositories, pp 217\u2013 226","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2012.6224284"},{"key":"9291_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79187-4_22","volume":"131","author":"B Goel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goel B, Singh Y (2008) Empirical investigation of metrics for fault prediction on object-oriented software. Stud Comput Intell 131: 255\u2013265","journal-title":"Stud Comput Intell"},{"key":"9291_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo Y, Wuersch M, Giger E, Gall H (2011) An empirical validation of the benefits of adhering to the law of demeter. In: Proceeding of the 18th working conference on reverse engineering, pp 239\u2013243","DOI":"10.1109\/WCRE.2011.36"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-009-9223-6","volume":"24","author":"V Gupta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gupta V, Chhabra J K (2009) Package coupling measurement in object-oriented software. J Comput Sci Technol 24(2): 273\u2013283","journal-title":"J Comput Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s13173-011-0052-4","volume":"18","author":"V Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta V, Chhabra J K (2012) Package level cohesion measurement in object-oriented software. J Braz Comput Soc 18(3): 251\u2013266","journal-title":"J Braz Comput Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"9291_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2005.112","volume":"31","author":"T Gyim\u00f3thy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gyim\u00f3thy T, Ferenc R, Siket I (2005) Empirical validation of object-oriented metrics on open source software for fault prediction. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 31(10): 897\u2013910","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR64","volume-title":"Elements of software science (Operating and programming systems series)","author":"MH Halstead","year":"1977","unstructured":"Halstead M H (1977) Elements of software science (Operating and programming systems series). Elsevier, New York"},{"key":"9291_CR65","unstructured":"Harrison R, Counsell S (1998) The role of inheritance in the maintainability of object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of European software control and metrics conference, pp 449\u2013457"},{"key":"9291_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison R, Counsell S, Nithi R (1997) An overview of object-oriented design metrics. In: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE international workshop on software technology and engineering practice, pp 230\u2013235","DOI":"10.1109\/STEP.1997.615494"},{"key":"9291_CR67","unstructured":"Henningsson K, Wohlin C (2005) Monitoring fault classification agreement in an industrial context. In: Proceedings of the 9th conference on empirical assessment in software engineering"},{"key":"9291_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holschuh T, P\u00e4user M, Herzig K, Zimmermann T, Premraj R, Zeller A (2009) Predicting defects in SAP Java code: an experience report. In: Proceedings of the 31st international conference on software engineering-companion volume, pp 172\u2013181","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-COMPANION.2009.5070975"},{"key":"9291_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang P, Zhu J (2009) A multi-instance model for software quality estimation in OO systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on natural computation, pp 436\u2013440","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2009.24"},{"key":"9291_CR70","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC-25010 (2010) Systems and software engineering \u2013 Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) \u2013 system and software quality models. International organization for standardization"},{"key":"9291_CR71","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC-9126 (2001) Software engineering \u2013 product quality \u2013 Part 1: quality model. International organization for standardization"},{"key":"9291_CR72","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE-24765 (2010) Systems and software engineering \u2013 vocabulary. International organization for standardization"},{"issue":"24","key":"9291_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.12.002","volume":"176","author":"A Janes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janes A, Scotto M, Pedrycz W, Russo B, Stefanovic M, Succi G (2006) Identification of defect-prone classes in telecommunication software systems using design metrics. Info Sci 176(24): 3711\u20133734","journal-title":"Info Sci"},{"key":"9291_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia H, Shu F, Yang Y, Wang Q (2009) Predicting fault-prone modules: a comparative study. In: Software engineering approaches for offshore and outsourced development, vol 35. Springer, Berlin, pp 45\u201359","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02987-5_7"},{"key":"9291_CR75","unstructured":"Jin C, Jin S-W, Ye J-M, Zhang Q-G (2009) Quality prediction model of object-oriented software system using computational intelligence. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on power electronics and intelligent transportation system, vol 2, pp 120\u2013123"},{"key":"9291_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamiya T, Kusumoto S, Inoue K (1999) Prediction of fault-proneness at early phase in object-oriented development. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 2nd international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing, pp 253\u2013258","DOI":"10.1109\/ISORC.1999.776386"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR77","first-page":"17","volume":"1","author":"Y Kanellopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanellopoulos Y, Antonellis P, Antoniou D, Makris C, Theodoridis E, Tjortjis C, Tsirakis N (2010) Code quality evaluation methodology using the ISO\/IEC 9126 standard. Int J Softw Eng Appl 1(3): 17\u201336","journal-title":"Int J Softw Eng Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"9291_CR78","first-page":"1142","volume":"1","author":"S Kanmani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kanmani S, Rhymend Uthariaraj V, Nakkeeran R, Inbavani P (2004) Object oriented software fault prediction using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. WSEAS Trans Info Sci Appl 1(5): 1142\u20131145","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans Info Sci Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"9291_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2006.07.005","volume":"49","author":"S Kanmani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kanmani S, Uthariaraj V R, Sankaranarayanan V, Thambidurai P (2007) Object-oriented software fault prediction using neural networks. Info Softw Technol 49(5): 483\u2013492","journal-title":"Info Softw Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2011.09.004","volume":"54","author":"S Karus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karus S, Dumas M (2012) Code churn estimation using organisational and code metrics: an experimental comparison. Inf Softw Technol 54(2): 203\u2013211","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.06.041","volume":"83","author":"B Kitchenham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kitchenham B (2010) Whats up with software metrics? A preliminary mapping study. J Syst Softw 83(1): 37\u201351","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9291_CR82","unstructured":"Kitchenham BA, Charters S (2007) Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical Report EBSE-2007-01, Keele University"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"J Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis J, Koch G (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1): 159\u2013174","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"9291_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavazza L, Morasca S, Taibi D, Tosi D (2012) An empirical investigation of perceived reliability of open source java programs. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. ACM, New York, pp. 1109\u20131114","DOI":"10.1145\/2245276.2231951"},{"issue":"7","key":"9291_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2006.10.018","volume":"80","author":"W Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li W, Shatnawi R (2007) An empirical study of the bad smells and class error probability in the post-release object-oriented system evolution. J Syst Softw 80(7): 1120\u20131128","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9291_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lincke Rd, Lundberg J, L\u00f6we W (2008) Comparing software metrics tools. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on software testing and analysis, pp 131\u2013142","DOI":"10.1145\/1390630.1390648"},{"key":"9291_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Poshyvanyk D, Ferenc R, Gyimothy T, Chrisochoides N (2009) Modeling class cohesion as mixtures of latent topics. In: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on software maintenance, pp 233\u2013242","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2009.5306318"},{"key":"9291_CR88","volume-title":"Object-oriented software metrics: a practical guide","author":"M Lorenz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lorenz M, Kidd J (1994) Object-oriented software metrics: a practical guide. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey"},{"issue":"5","key":"9291_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2020976.2020991","volume":"36","author":"R Malhotra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malhotra R, Jain A (2011) Software fault prediction for object oriented systems: a literature review. SIGSOFT Softw Eng notes 36(5): 1\u20136","journal-title":"SIGSOFT Softw Eng notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3745\/JIPS.2012.8.2.241","volume":"8","author":"R Malhotra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malhotra R, Jain A (2012) Fault prediction using statistical and machine learning methods for improving software quality. J Inf Process Syst 8(2): 241\u2013262","journal-title":"J Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"9291_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinescu R, Marinescu C (2011) Are the clients of flawed classes (also) defect prone? In: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE international working conference on source code analysis and manipulation, pp 65\u201374","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2011.9"},{"key":"9291_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCabe T J (1976) A complexity measure. IEEE Trans Softw Eng (4):308\u2013320","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233837"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2011.10.001","volume":"54","author":"TG Nair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nair T G, Selvarani R (2012) Defect proneness estimation and feedback approach for software design quality improvement. Inf Softw Technol 54(3): 274\u2013285","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9291_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.11.003","volume":"53","author":"V Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen V, Boehm B, Danphitsanuphan P (2011) A controlled experiment in assessing and estimating software maintenance tasks. Inf Softw Technol 53(6): 682\u2013691","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"9291_CR95","unstructured":"Olague HM, Etzkorn LH, Cox GW (2006) An entropy-based approach to assessing object-oriented software maintainability and degradation \u2013 A method and case study. In: Proceedings of the international conference on software engineering research and practice, pp 442\u2013452"},{"issue":"6","key":"9291_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.1015","volume":"33","author":"H Olague","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olague H, Etzkorn L, Gholston S, Quattlebaum S (2007) Empirical validation of three software metrics suites to predict fault-proneness of object-oriented classes developed using highly iterative or agile software development processes. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 33(6): 402\u2013419","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.366","volume":"20","author":"HM Olague","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olague HM, Etzkorn LH, Messimer SL, Delugach HS (2008) An empirical validation of object-oriented class complexity metrics and their ability to predict error-prone classes in highly iterative, or agile, software: A case study. J Softw Maint Evol Res Pract 20(3): 171\u2013197","journal-title":"J Softw Maint Evol Res Pract"},{"key":"9291_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olbrich S, Cruzes DS, Basili V, Zazworka N (2009) The evolution and impact of code smells: a case study of two open source systems. In: Proceedings of the 2009 3rd international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement, pp 390\u2013400","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2009.5314231"},{"issue":"10","key":"9291_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.70722","volume":"33","author":"G Pai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pai G, Bechta Dugan J (2007) Empirical analysis of software fault content and fault proneness using bayesian methods. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 33(10): 675\u2013686","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"14","key":"9291_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-5849(98)00101-3","volume":"40","author":"LM Pickard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pickard LM, Kitchenham BA, Jones PW (1998) Combining empirical results in software engineering. Inf Softw Technol 40(14): 811\u2013821","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-008-9088-2","volume":"14","author":"D Poshyvanyk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Poshyvanyk D, Marcus A, Ferenc R, Gyim\u00f3thy T (2009) Using information retrieval based coupling measures for impact analysis. Empir Softw Eng 14(1): 5\u201332","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pritchett I, W. W (2001) An object-oriented metrics suite for Ada 95. In: Proceedings of the 2001 annual ACM SIGAda international conference on Ada, pp 117\u2013126","DOI":"10.1145\/507574.507604"},{"key":"9291_CR103","unstructured":"Quah JT, Thwin MM (2002) Prediction of software readiness using neural network. In: Proceedings of 1st international conference on information technology & applications, pp 307\u2013312"},{"key":"9291_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2013.02.009","volume":"55","author":"D Radjenovi\u0107","year":"2013","unstructured":"Radjenovi\u0107 D, Heric\u0306ko M, Torkar R, \u017eivkovic\u0306 A (2013) Software fault prediction metrics: a systematic literature review. Inf Softw Technol 55: 1397\u20131418","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9291_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.88","volume":"38","author":"N Ramasubbu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramasubbu N, Kemerer C F, Hong J (2012) Structural complexity and programmer team strategy: an experimental test. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 38(5): 1054\u20131068","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathore S, Gupta A (2012a) Investigating object-oriented design metrics to predict fault-proneness of software modules. In: Proceedings of 6th CSI international conference on software engineering, pp 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1109\/CONSEG.2012.6349484"},{"key":"9291_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathore S, Gupta A (2012b) Validating the effectiveness of object-oriented metrics over multiple releases for predicting fault proneness. In: Proceedings of the 19th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), vol. 1, pp 350\u2013355","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2012.148"},{"issue":"6","key":"9291_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-011-9159-7","volume":"16","author":"M Revelle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Revelle M, Gethers M, Poshyvanyk D (2011) Using structural and textual information to capture feature coupling in object-oriented software. Empir Softw Eng 16(6): 773\u2013811","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR109","unstructured":"Reyes L, Carver D (1998) Predicting object reuse using metrics. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on software engineering and knowledge engineering, pp 156\u2013159"},{"key":"9291_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz M, Mendes E, Tempero E (2009) A systematic review of software maintainability prediction and metrics. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement, pp 367\u2013377","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2009.5314233"},{"key":"9291_CR111","volume-title":"Real world research","author":"C Robson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robson C (2011) Real world research, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"9291_CR112","unstructured":"Rosenberg LH, Hyatt LE (1997) Software quality metrics for object-oriented environments. Crosstalk Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"9291_CR113","first-page":"41","volume":"22","author":"P Saxena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saxena P, Saini M (2011) Empirical studies to predict fault proneness: a review. Int J Comput Appl 22(8): 41\u201345","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2010.9","volume":"36","author":"R Shatnawi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shatnawi R (2010) A quantitative investigation of the acceptable risk levels of object-oriented metrics in open-source systems. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 36(2): 216\u2013225","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"9291_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.12.794","volume":"81","author":"R Shatnawi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shatnawi R, Li W (2008) The effectiveness of software metrics in identifying error-prone classes in post-release software evolution process. J Syst Softw 81(11): 1868\u20131882","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.404","volume":"22","author":"R Shatnawi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shatnawi R, Li W, Swain J, Newman T (2010) Finding software metrics threshold values using ROC curves. J Softw Maint Evol Res Pract 22(1): 1\u201316","journal-title":"J Softw Maint Evol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCAT.2012.048204","volume":"44","author":"Y Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh Y, Saha A (2012) Prediction of testability using the design metrics for object-oriented software. Int J Comput Appl Technol 44(1): 12\u201322","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl Technol"},{"key":"9291_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh P, Verma S (2012) Empirical investigation of fault prediction capability of object oriented metrics of open source software. In: Proceeding of the international joint conference on computer science and software engineering, pp 323\u2013327","DOI":"10.1109\/JCSSE.2012.6261973"},{"key":"9291_CR119","unstructured":"Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2007) Application of logistic regression and artificial neural network for predicting software quality models. In: Software engineering research and practice, pp 664\u2013670"},{"issue":"2","key":"9291_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCAT.2009.026595","volume":"35","author":"Y Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2009a) Comparative analysis of regression and machine learning methods for predicting fault proneness models. Int J Comput Appl Technol 35(2): 183\u2013193","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl Technol"},{"key":"9291_CR121","unstructured":"Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2009b) Software fault proneness prediction using support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the world congress on engineering, vol. 1., pp 1\u20133"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-009-9079-6","volume":"18","author":"Y Singh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2010) Empirical validation of object-oriented metrics for predicting fault proneness models. Softw Qual J 18(1): 3\u201335","journal-title":"Softw Qual J"},{"issue":"3","key":"9291_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/09720510.2011.10701574","volume":"14","author":"Y Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh Y, Kaur A, Malhotra R (2011) Comparative analysis of J48 with statistical and machine learning methods in predicting fault-prone classes using object-oriented systems. J Stat Manag Syst 14(3): 595\u2013616","journal-title":"J Stat Manag Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"9291_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1191795","volume":"29","author":"R Subramanyam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Subramanyam R, Krishnan M (2003) Empirical analysis of CK metrics for object-oriented design complexity: Implications for software defects. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 29(4): 297\u2013310","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(02)00024-9","volume":"65","author":"G Succi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Succi G, Pedrycz W, Stefanovic M, Miller J (2003) Practical assessment of the models for identification of defect-prone classes in object-oriented commercial systems using design metrics. J Syst Soft 65(1): 1\u201312","journal-title":"J Syst Soft"},{"issue":"1","key":"9291_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218539304001348","volume":"11","author":"RM Szabo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Szabo RM, Khoshgoftaar TM (2004) Classifying software modules into three risk groups. Int J Reliab, Qual Saf Eng 11(1): 59\u201380","journal-title":"Int J Reliab, Qual Saf Eng"},{"key":"9291_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00dajh\u00e1zi B, Ferenc RDP, Gyim\u00f3thy T (2010) New conceptual coupling and cohesion metrics for object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on source code analysis and manipulation, pp 33\u201342","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2010.14"},{"key":"9291_CR128","unstructured":"Xenos M, Stavrinoudis D, Zikouli K, Christodoulakis D (2000) Object-oriented metrics \u2013 a survey. In: Proceedings of the European software measurement conference, pp 1\u201310"},{"key":"9291_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu J, Ho D, Capretz L. F (2008) An empirical validation of object-oriented design metrics for fault prediction. J Comput Sci 4(7)","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2008.571.577"},{"key":"9291_CR130","unstructured":"Yu P, Systa T, Muller H (2002) Predicting fault-proneness using OO metrics: an industrial case study. In: Proceedings of the 6th European conference on software maintenance and reengineering, pp 99\u2013107"},{"issue":"10","key":"9291_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2006.102","volume":"32","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Leung H (2006) Empirical analysis of object-oriented design metrics for predicting high and low severity faults. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 32(10): 771\u2013789","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"9291_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.11.704","volume":"83","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Xu B, Leung H (2010) On the ability of complexity metrics to predict fault-prone classes in object-oriented systems. J Syst Softw 83(4): 660\u2013674","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"12","key":"9291_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-012-4745-x","volume":"55","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Leung H, Song Q, Zhao J, Lu H, Chen L, Xu B (2012) An in-depth investigation into the relationships between structural metrics and unit testability in object-oriented systems. Sci China Inf Sci 55(12): 2800\u20132815","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"9291_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman T, Nagappan N, Herzig K, Premraj R, Williams L (2011) An empirical study on the relation between dependency neighborhoods and failures. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 4th international conference on software testing, verification and validation, pp 347\u2013356","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2011.39"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-013-9291-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-013-9291-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-013-9291-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T02:17:35Z","timestamp":1565230655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-013-9291-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,8]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-013-9291-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,8]]}}}