{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:06:19Z","timestamp":1777637179949,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T10:46:25Z","timestamp":1460630785000},"page":"292-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An experimental search-based approach to cohesion metric evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mel","family":"\u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Hemati Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Counsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Tratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9427_CR1","unstructured":"Al Dallal J (2010) Validating object-oriented class cohesion metrics mathematically. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Software engineering, parallel and distributed systems, SEPADS\u201910, pp 73\u201377"},{"issue":"6","key":"9427_CR2","first-page":"685","volume":"43","author":"J Al-Dallal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Dallal J (2013) Incorporating transitive relations in low-level design-based class cohesion measurement. Software: Practice and Experience 43(6):685\u2013704","journal-title":"Software: Practice and Experience"},{"issue":"12","key":"9427_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.08.006","volume":"52","author":"J Al-Dallal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Dallal J, Briand LC (2010) An object-oriented high-level design-based class cohesion metric. Inf Softw Technol 52(12):1346\u20131361","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9427_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2089116.2089118","volume":"21","author":"J Al-Dallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Dallal J, Briand LC (2012) A precise method-method interaction-based cohesion metric for object-oriented classes. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM) 21(2):8:1\u20138:34","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM)"},{"key":"9427_CR5","unstructured":"Allen E, Khoshgoftaar T, Chen Y (2001) Measuring coupling and cohesion of software modules: an information-theory approach. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Software Metrics Symposium, pp 124\u2013134"},{"issue":"9","key":"9427_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2009.04.002","volume":"51","author":"M Alshayeb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alshayeb M (2009a) Empirical investigation of refactoring effect on software quality. Inf Softw Technol 51(9):1319\u20131326","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"9427_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshayeb M (2009b) Refactoring effect on cohesion metrics. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing, Engineering and Information, ICC \u201909, pp 3\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2009.12"},{"issue":"08","key":"9427_CR8","first-page":"47","volume":"11","author":"J Bansiya","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bansiya J, Etzkorn L, Davis C, Li W (1999) A class cohesion metric for object-oriented designs. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming 11(08):47\u201352","journal-title":"Journal of Object-Oriented Programming"},{"key":"9427_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck F, Diehl S (2011) On the congruence of modularity and code coupling. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and the 13th European Conference on Foundations of Software Engineering, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ESEC\/FSE \u201911, pp 354\u2013364","DOI":"10.1145\/2025113.2025162"},{"key":"9427_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bieman JM, Kang BK (1995) Cohesion and reuse in an object-oriented system. In: Proceedings of the symposium on software reusability, Seattle, Washington, pp 259\u2013262","DOI":"10.1145\/211782.211856"},{"issue":"8","key":"9427_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1109\/32.310673","volume":"20","author":"JM Bieman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bieman JM, Ott LM (1994) Measuring functional cohesion. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 20(8):644\u2013657","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonja C, Kidanmariam E (2006) Metrics for class cohesion and similarity between methods. In: Proceedings of the 44th annual southeast regional conference. ACM, Florida, pp 91\u201395","DOI":"10.1145\/1185448.1185469"},{"key":"9427_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouwers E, Deursen Av, Visser J (2013) Evaluating usefulness of software metrics: An industrial experience report. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, ICSE \u201913, pp 921\u2013930","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606641"},{"key":"9427_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00125812","volume":"1","author":"L Briand","year":"1996","unstructured":"Briand L, Emam KE, Morasca S (1996) On the application of measurement theory in software engineering. Empir Softw Eng 1:61\u201388","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009783721306","volume":"3","author":"LC Briand","year":"1998","unstructured":"Briand LC, Daly JW, W\u00fcst J (1998) A unified framework for cohesion measurement in object-oriented systems. Empir Softw Eng 3(1):65\u2013117","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"9427_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1145\/953579.811113","volume":"3","author":"JP Cavano","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cavano JP, McCall JA (1978) A framework for the measurement of software quality. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 3(5):133\u2013139","journal-title":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"},{"key":"9427_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaparro O, Bavota G, Marcus A, Penta MD (2014) On the impact of refactoring operations on code quality metrics. In: IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME), pp 456\u2013460","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.73"},{"issue":"6","key":"9427_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1109\/32.295895","volume":"20","author":"SR Chidamber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chidamber SR, Kemerer CF (1994) A metrics suite for object oriented design. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 20(6):476\u2013493","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper KD, Schielke PJ, Subramanian D (1999) Optimizing for reduced code space using genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the ACM workshop on languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems, NY, LCTES \u201999, vol 34.7, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1145\/314403.314414"},{"key":"9427_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Counsell S, Swift S, Tucker A (2005) Object-oriented cohesion as a surrogate of software comprehension: an empirical study. In: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE international workshop on source code analysis and manipulation, Washington DC, USA, pp 161\u2013172","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2005.19"},{"issue":"2","key":"9427_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1145\/1131421.1131422","volume":"15","author":"S Counsell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Counsell S, Swift S, Crampton J (2006) The interpretation and utility of three cohesion metrics for object-oriented design. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM) 15(2):123\u2013149","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM)"},{"key":"9427_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatiregun D, Harman M, Hierons R (2004) Evolving transformation sequences using genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international workshop on source code analysis and manipulation. IEEE computer society press, los alamitos, pp 65\u201374","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2004.11"},{"key":"9427_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatiregun D, Harman M, Hierons R (2005) Search-based amorphous slicing. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, WCRE \u201905, pp 3\u201312","DOI":"10.1109\/WCRE.2005.28"},{"issue":"3","key":"9427_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1109\/32.268921","volume":"20","author":"NE Fenton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fenton NE (1994) Software measurement: a necessary scientific basis. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 20(3):199\u2013206","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenton NE, Neil M (2000) Software metrics: Roadmap. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on The Future of Software Engineering, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ICSE \u201900 , pp 357\u2013370","DOI":"10.1145\/336512.336588"},{"key":"9427_CR26","unstructured":"Fenton NE, Pfleeger SL (1996) Software metrics - a practical and rigorous approach (2nd. ed.). International Thomson"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR27","first-page":"82","volume":"13","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez L, Pe\u00f1a R (2006) A sensitive metric of class cohesion. Information Theories and Applications 13(1):82\u201391","journal-title":"Information Theories and Applications"},{"key":"9427_CR28","unstructured":"Fowler M, Beck K, Brant J, Opdyke W, Roberts D (1999) Refactoring: improving the design of existing code. Addison-Wesley"},{"key":"9427_CR29","volume-title":"Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software","author":"E Gamma","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gamma E, Helm R, Johnson RE, Vlissides J (1995) Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software. Addison-Wesley, Reading"},{"key":"9427_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaith S, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2012) Improving software security using search-based refactoring. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering, Riva del Garda, Italy, SSBSE\u201912, pp 121\u2013135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33119-0_10"},{"key":"9427_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghannem A, El-Boussaidi G, Kessentini M (2013) Model refactoring using interactive genetic algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russia, SSBSE \u201913, pp 96\u2013110","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39742-4_9"},{"key":"9427_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gligoric M, Behrang F, Li Y, Overbey J, Hafiz M, Marinov D (2013) Systematic testing of refactoring engines on real software projects. In: Proceedings of 27th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Montpellier, France, July, 2013, pp 629\u2013653","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39038-8_26"},{"key":"9427_CR33","unstructured":"Gutzmann T, et al. (2013) RECODER: a framework for java program analysis and source code transformation. http:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/recoder"},{"key":"9427_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harman M, Clark J (2004) Metrics are fitness functions too. In: Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on metrics. IEEE Computer Society, USA, pp 58\u201369","DOI":"10.1109\/METRIC.2004.1357891"},{"key":"9427_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harman M, Tratt L (2007) Pareto optimal search based refactoring at the design level. In: Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, GECCO \u201907, pp 1106\u20131113","DOI":"10.1145\/1276958.1277176"},{"key":"9427_CR36","unstructured":"Harman M, Danicic S, Sivagurunathan B, Jones B, Sivagurunathan Y (1995) Cohesion metrics. In: Proceedings of the 8th international quality week, San Francisco, USA, pp 1\u201314"},{"key":"9427_CR37","unstructured":"Hemati Moghadam I, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2011) Code-Imp: A tool for automated search-based refactoring. In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Refactoring Tools, ACM, New York, NY, USA, WRT \u201911 , pp 41\u201344"},{"key":"9427_CR38","unstructured":"Hemati Moghadam I, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2012) Automated refactoring using design differencing. In: Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, Szeged, Hungary, CSMR \u201912, pp 43\u201352"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR39","first-page":"37","volume":"9","author":"I Hemati Moghadam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hemati Moghadam I, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2015) Resolving conflict and dependency in refactoring to a desired design. e-Informatica Softw Eng J 9(1):37\u201356","journal-title":"e-Informatica Softw Eng J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9427_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1109\/32.491650","volume":"22","author":"M Hitz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hitz M, Montazeri B (1996) Chidamber and kemerer\u2019s metrics suite: a measurement theory perspective. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 22(4):267\u2013271","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen A, Cheng B (2010) On the use of genetic programming for automated refactoring and the introduction of design patterns. In: Proceedings of the 12th conference on genetic and evolutionary computation. ACM, New York, pp 1341\u20131348","DOI":"10.1145\/1830483.1830731"},{"key":"9427_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi P, Joshi RK (2010) Quality analysis of object oriented cohesion metrics. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, IEEE Computer Society, pp 319\u2013324","DOI":"10.1109\/QUATIC.2010.63"},{"issue":"04","key":"9427_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4236\/jsea.2010.34043","volume":"03","author":"K Kaur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaur K, Singh H (2010) Exploring design level class cohesion metrics. J Softw Eng Appl 03(04):384\u2013390","journal-title":"J Softw Eng Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02249043","volume":"1","author":"C Kemerer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kemerer C (1995) Software complexity and software maintenance: a survey of empirical research. Ann Softw Eng 1(1):1\u201322","journal-title":"Ann Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilic H, Koc E, Cereci I (2011) Search-based parallel refactoring using population-based direct approaches. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Search Based Software Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, SSBSE\u201911, pp 271\u2013272","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23716-4_26"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.06.041","volume":"83","author":"B Kitchenham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kitchenham B (2010) What\u2019s up with software metrics? - a preliminary mapping study. J Syst Softw 83(1):37\u201351","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9427_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakhotia A (1993) Rule-based approach to computing module cohesion. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE\u201910, pp 35\u201344","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1993.346057"},{"key":"9427_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Poshyvanyk D, Ferenc R, Gyim\u00f3thy T, Chrisochoides N (2009) Modeling class cohesion as mixtures of latent topics. In: Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM \u201900, pp 233\u2013242","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2009.5306318"},{"key":"9427_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahouachi R, Kessentini M, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2013) Search-based refactoring detection using software metrics variation. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russia, SSBSE \u201913, pp 126\u2013140","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39742-4_11"},{"issue":"2","key":"9427_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.70768","volume":"34","author":"A Marcus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcus A, Poshyvanyk D, Ferenc R (2008) Using the conceptual cohesion of classes for fault prediction in object-oriented systems. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 34 (2):287\u2013300","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"9427_CR51","first-page":"24:1","volume":"21","author":"A Meneely","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meneely A, Smith B, Williams L (2013) Validating software metrics: a spectrum of philosophies. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM) 21(4):24:1\u201324:28","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1314493.1314495","volume":"17","author":"TM Meyers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meyers TM, Binkley D (2007) An empirical study of slice-based cohesion and coupling metrics. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM) 17(1):1\u201327","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM)"},{"key":"9427_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mkaouer W, Kessentini M, Bechikh S, Deb K, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2014) Recommendation system for software refactoring using innovization and interactive dynamic optimization. In: Proceedings of the 29th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, IEEE Press, ASE\u201914, pp 331\u2013336","DOI":"10.1145\/2642937.2642965"},{"key":"9427_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nisbet A (1998) GAPS: A compiler framework for genetic algorithm (GA) optimised parallelisation. In: Sloot P M A, Bubak M, Hertzberger L O (eds) Proceedings of the international conference on high-performance computing and networking, vol LNCS 1401. Springer, pp 987\u2013989","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0037253"},{"key":"9427_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M, Boyle D, Hemati Moghadam I (2011) Automated refactoring for testability. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, Berlin, ICSTW \u201911, pp 437\u2013443","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTW.2011.23"},{"key":"9427_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M, Tratt L, Harman M, Counsell S, Hemati Moghadam I (2012) Experimental assessment of software metrics using automated refactoring. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM-IEEE ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ESEM \u201912, pp 49\u201358","DOI":"10.1145\/2372251.2372260"},{"key":"9427_CR57","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe M, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2003) A stochastic approach to automated design improvement. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on principles and practice of programming in java. Computer Science Press Inc., pp 59\u201362"},{"key":"9427_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe M, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2006) Search-based software maintenance. In: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, IEEE, Italy, CSMR \u201906, pp 249\u2013260","DOI":"10.1109\/CSMR.2006.49"},{"issue":"5","key":"9427_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.378","volume":"20","author":"M O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe M, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2008a) Search-based refactoring: an empirical study. Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution 20(5):345\u2013364","journal-title":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution"},{"issue":"4","key":"9427_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.06.003","volume":"81","author":"M O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe M, \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide M (2008b) Search-based refactoring for software maintenance. Journal of Systems and Software 81(4):502\u2013516","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"9427_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira Barros de M, Almeida Farzat de F (2013) What can a big program teach us about optimization?. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium Search Based Software Engineering, SSBSE\u201913, pp 275\u2013281","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39742-4_24"},{"key":"9427_CR62","unstructured":"Otero FEB, Johnson CG, Freitas A A, Thompson SJ (2010) Refactoring in automatically generated programs. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Search Based Software Engineering, SSBSE\u201910. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1\u20132"},{"key":"9427_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouni A, Kessentini M, Sahraoui H, Hamdi M S (2012) Search-based refactoring: Towards semantics preservation. In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, IEEE, ICSM \u201912, pp 347\u2013356","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2012.6405292"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-011-0098-8","volume":"20","author":"A Ouni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ouni A, Kessentini M, Sahraoui H, Boukadoum M (2013a) Maintainability defects detection and correction: a multi-objective approach. Autom Softw Eng 20(1):47\u201379","journal-title":"Autom Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouni A, Kessentini M, Sahraoui H, Hamdi MS (2013b) The use of development history in software refactoring using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 15th Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, GECCO \u201913, pp 1461\u20131468","DOI":"10.1145\/2463372.2463554"},{"key":"9427_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahraoui H, Godin R, Miceli T (2000) Can metrics help to bridge the gap between the improvement of OO design quality and its automation?. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM \u201900, pp 154\u2013162","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2000.883034"},{"issue":"6","key":"9427_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.13","volume":"38","author":"M Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer M, Thies A, Steimann F, Tip F (2012) A comprehensive approach to naming and accessibility in refactoring java programs. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 38(6):1233\u20131257","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seng O, Stammel J, Burkhart D (2006) Search-based determination of refactorings for improving the class structure of object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, ACM, Seattle, Washington, USA, GECCO \u201906, pp 1909\u20131916","DOI":"10.1145\/1143997.1144315"},{"key":"9427_CR69","unstructured":"Shepperd M J (1995) Foundations of software measurement. Prentice Hall"},{"key":"9427_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simons C, Singer J, White D (2015) Search-based refactoring: Metrics are not enough. In: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Search-Based Software Engineering, SSBSE \u201915, vol 9275. Springer International Publishing, pp 47\u201361","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22183-0_4"},{"key":"9427_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuckman J, Wills K, Purtilo J (2013) Evaluating software product metrics with synthetic defect data. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Baltimore, Maryland, ESEM \u201913, pp 259\u2013262","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2013.38"},{"issue":"1","key":"9427_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EMSE.0000048324.12188.a2","volume":"10","author":"G Succi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Succi G, Pedrycz W, Djokic S, Zuliani P, Russo B (2005) An empirical exploration of the distributions of the chidamber and kemerer object-oriented metrics suite. Empir Softw Eng 10(1):81\u2013104","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsantalis N, Chatzigeorgiou A (2011) Ranking refactoring suggestions based on historical volatility. In: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, Oldenburg, Germany, CSMR \u201911, pp 25\u201334","DOI":"10.1109\/CSMR.2011.7"},{"key":"9427_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ujhazi B, Ferenc R, Poshyvanyk D, Gyim\u00f3thy T (2010) New conceptual coupling and cohesion metrics for object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation, SCAM\u201910, pp 33\u201342","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2010.14"},{"key":"9427_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veerappa V, Harrison R (2013) An empirical validation of coupling metrics using automated refactoring","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2013.37"},{"issue":"9","key":"9427_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1109\/32.6178","volume":"14","author":"EJ Weyuker","year":"1988","unstructured":"Weyuker EJ (1988) Evaluating software complexity measures. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 14(9):1357\u2013 1365","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9427_CR77","volume-title":"Evolutionary algorithms for automatic parallelization PhD thesis","author":"KP Williams","year":"1998","unstructured":"Williams KP (1998) Evolutionary algorithms for automatic parallelization PhD thesis. University of Reading, UK"},{"key":"9427_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wohlin C, Runeson P, H\u00f6st M, Ohlsson MC, Regnell B, Wessl\u00e9n A (2012) Experimentation in software engineering, 2nd edn. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29044-2"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T19:12:51Z","timestamp":1718478771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9427-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]}}}