{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:44:04Z","timestamp":1783010644975,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["257822902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["257822902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA 465\/49-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA 465\/49-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IFI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Software product-line engineering is arguably one of the most successful methods for establishing large portfolios of software variants in an application domain. However, despite the benefits, establishing a product line requires substantial upfront investments into a software platform with a proper product-line architecture, into new software-engineering processes (domain engineering and application engineering), into business strategies with commercially successful product-line visions and financial planning, as well as into re-organization of development teams. Moreover, establishing a full-fledged product line is not always possible or desired, and thus organizations often adopt product-line engineering only to an extent that deemed necessary or was possible. However, understanding the current state of adoption, namely, the maturity or performance of product-line engineering in an organization, is challenging, while being crucial to steer investments. To this end, several measurement methods have been proposed in the literature, with the most prominent one being the Family Evaluation Framework (FEF), introduced almost two decades ago. Unfortunately, applying it is not straightforward, and the benefits of using it have not been assessed so far. We present an experience report of applying the FEF to nine medium- to large-scale product lines in the avionics domain. We discuss how we tailored and executed the FEF, together with the relevant adaptations and extensions we needed to perform. Specifically, we elicited the data for the FEF assessment with 27 interviews over a period of 11 months. We discuss experiences and assess the benefits of using the FEF, aiming at helping other organizations assessing their practices for engineering their portfolios of software variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09913-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T18:03:53Z","timestamp":1614967433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Software product-line evaluation in the large"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Lindohf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0283-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-010-9230-8","volume":"13","author":"F Ahmed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahmed F, Capretz LF (2011) A business maturity model of software product line engineering. Inf Syst Front 13(4):543\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-010-9230-8","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"issue":"6","key":"9913_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2006.09.010","volume":"80","author":"F Ahmed","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ahmed F, Capretz LF, Sheikh SA (2007) Institutionalization of software product line: An empirical investigation of key organizational factors. J Syst Softw 80(6):836\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2006.09.010","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali MS, Babar MA, Schmid K (2009) A comparative survey of economic models for software product lines. In: Euromicro conference on software engineering and advanced applications. IEEE, SEAA, pp 275\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SEAA.2009.89","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAA.2009.89"},{"key":"9913_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"America P, Obbink JH, van Ommering RC, van der Linden F (2000) CoPAM: A component-oriented platform architecting method family for product family engineering. In: International Conference on Software Product Lines, Kluwer, SPLC, pp 167\u2013180","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4339-8_9"},{"key":"9913_CR5","unstructured":"Andersson H (2012) Variability and customization of simulator products: A product line approach in model based systems engineering. PhD thesis, University of Link\u00f6ping"},{"key":"9913_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antkiewicz M, Ji W, Berger T, Czarnecki K, Schmorleiz T, L\u00e4mmel R, St\u0103nciulescu \u015e, W\u0119sowski A, Schaefer I (2014) Flexible product line engineering with a virtual platform. In: International conference on software engineering. ACM, ICSE, pp 532\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2591062.2591126","DOI":"10.1145\/2591062.2591126"},{"key":"9913_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37521-7","volume-title":"Feature-oriented software product lines","author":"S Apel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Apel S, Batory D, K\u00e4stner C, Saake G (2013) Feature-oriented software product lines. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-37521-7"},{"key":"9913_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.05.052","volume":"131","author":"JF Bastos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bastos JF, Neto PAdMS, O\u2019Leary P, de Almeida ES, de Lemos Meira SR (2017) Software product lines adoption in small organizations. J Sys Softw 131:112\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2017.05.052","journal-title":"J Sys Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bayer J, Flege O, Knauber P, Laqua R, Muthig D, Schmid K, Widen T, DeBaud JM (1999) PuLSE: A methodology to develop software product lines. In: Symposium on software reusability. ACM, SSR, pp 122\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/303008.303063","DOI":"10.1145\/303008.303063"},{"key":"9913_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berger T, Guo J (2014) Towards system analysis with variability model metrics. In: International workshop on variability modelling of software-intensive systems. ACM, VaMoS, pp 23:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2556624.2556641","DOI":"10.1145\/2556624.2556641"},{"key":"9913_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berger T, Rublack R, Nair D, Atlee JM, Becker M, Czarnecki K, W\u0119sowski A (2013) A survey of variability modeling in industrial practice. In: International workshop on variability modelling of software-intensive systems. ACM, VaMoS, pp 7:1\u20137:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2430502.2430513","DOI":"10.1145\/2430502.2430513"},{"key":"9913_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berger T, Nair D, Rublack R, Atlee JM, Czarnecki K, W\u0119sowski A (2014a) Three cases of feature-based variability modeling in industry. In: International conference on model driven engineering languages and systems. MODELS, pp 302\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-11653-2_19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11653-2_19"},{"key":"9913_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berger T, Pfeiffer R, Tartler R, Dienst S, Czarnecki K, W\u0119sowski A, She S (2014b) Variability mechanisms in software ecosystems. Inf Softw Technol 56(11):1520\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.05.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.05.005"},{"key":"9913_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berger T, Lettner D, Rubin J, Gr\u00fcnbacher P, Silva A, Becker M, Chechik M, Czarnecki K (2015) What is a feature? A qualitative study of features in industrial software product lines. In: International conference on software product lines. ACM, SPLC, pp 16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2791060.2791108","DOI":"10.1145\/2791060.2791108"},{"issue":"3","key":"9913_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09787-6","volume":"25","author":"T Berger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berger T, Stegh\u00f6fer J, Ziadi T, Robin J, Martinez J (2020) The state of adoption and the challenges of systematic variability management in industry. Empirical Softw Eng 25(3):1755\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-019-09787-6","journal-title":"Empirical Softw Eng"},{"key":"9913_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B\u00f6ckle G, Mu\u00f1oz JB, Knauber P, Krueger CW, do Prado Leite JCS, van der Linden F, Northrop L, Stark M, Weiss DM (2002) Adopting and institutionalizing a product line culture. In: International conference on software product lines. Springer, SPLC, pp 49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45652-X_4","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45652-X_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1984.5010193","volume":"SE-10","author":"BW Boehm","year":"1984","unstructured":"Boehm BW (1984) Software engineering economics. IEEE Trans Softw Eng SE-10(1):4\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.1984.5010193","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9913_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boehm BW, Brown AW, Madachy R, Yang Y (2004) A software product line life cycle cost estimation model. In: International symposium on empirical software engineering. IEEE, ISESE, pp 156\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISESE.2004.6","DOI":"10.1109\/ISESE.2004.6"},{"key":"9913_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bosch J (2002) Maturity and evolution in software product lines: Approaches, artefacts and organization. In: International conference on software product lines. Springer, SPLC, vol 2379, pp 257\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45652-X_16","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45652-X_16"},{"key":"9913_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buhrdorf R, Churchett D, Krueger CW (2003) Salion\u2019s experience with a reactive software product line approach. In: International workshop on software product-family engineering. Springer, PFE, vol 3014, pp 317\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-24667-1_24","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24667-1_24"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2002.1020283","volume":"19","author":"PC Clements","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clements PC, Krueger CW (2002) Point ,\/, counterpoint: Being proactive pays off ,\/, eliminating the adoption barrier. IEEE Softw 19(4):28\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2002.1020283","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR22","unstructured":"Clements PC, Northrop LM (2002) Software product lines - Practices and patterns. Addison-Wesley"},{"key":"9913_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clements PC, Cohen S, Donohoe P, Northrop L (2001) Control channel toolkit: A software product line case study. Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-2001-TR-030, Carnegie Mellon University","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA389097"},{"key":"9913_CR24","unstructured":"Clements PC, McGregor JD, Cohen SG (2005) The structured intuitive model for product line economics (SIMPLE). Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-2005-TR-003, Carnegie Mellon University"},{"key":"9913_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Czarnecki K, Gr\u00fcnbacher P, Rabiser R, Schmid K, W\u0119sowski A (2012) Cool features and tough decisions: A comparison of variability modeling approaches. In: International workshop on variability modelling of software-intensive systems. ACM, VaMoS, pp 173\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2110147.2110167","DOI":"10.1145\/2110147.2110167"},{"issue":"8","key":"9913_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.1078","volume":"41","author":"IF da Silva","year":"2011","unstructured":"da Silva IF, da Mota Silveira Neto PA, O\u2019Leary P, De Almeida ES, de Lemos Meira SR (2011) Agile software product lines: A systematic mapping study. Software: Practice and Experience 41(8):899\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/spe.1078","journal-title":"Software: Practice and Experience"},{"key":"9913_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.10.040","volume":"88","author":"IF da Silva","year":"2014","unstructured":"da Silva IF, da Mota Silveira Neto PA, O\u2019Leary P, De Almeida ES, de Lemos Meira SR (2014) Software product line scoping and requirements engineering in a small and medium-sized enterprise: An industrial case study. J Syst Softw 88:189\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2013.10.040","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dubinsky Y, Rubin J, Berger T, Duszynski S, Becker M, Czarnecki K (2013) An exploratory study of cloning in industrial software product lines. In: European conference on software maintenance and reengineering. IEEE, CSMR, pp 25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CSMR.2013.13","DOI":"10.1109\/CSMR.2013.13"},{"key":"9913_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Easterbrook S, Singer J, Storey MA, Damian D (2008) Selecting empirical methods for software engineering research. Springer, pp 285\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_11"},{"key":"9913_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.08.015","volume":"106","author":"S El-Sharkawy","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Sharkawy S, Yamagishi-Eichler N, Schmid K (2019) Metrics for analyzing variability and its implementation in software product lines: A systematic literature review. Inf Softw Technol 106:1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.08.015","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"9913_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fogdal T, Scherrebeck H, Kuusela J, Becker M, Zhang B (2016) Ten years of product line engineering at Danfoss: Lessons learned and way ahead. In: International systems and software product line conference. ACM, SPLC, pp 252\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2934466.2934491","DOI":"10.1145\/2934466.2934491"},{"key":"9913_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda S, Str\u00fcber D, Brugali D, Di Fava A, Schillinger P, Pelliccione P, Berger T (2019) Variability modeling of service robots: Experiences and challenges. In: International workshop on variability modelling of software-intensive systems. ACM, VaMoS, pp 8:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3302333.3302350","DOI":"10.1145\/3302333.3302350"},{"issue":"9","key":"9913_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.03.005","volume":"54","author":"Y Ghanam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghanam Y, Maurer F, Abrahamsson P (2012) Making the leap to a software platform strategy: Issues and challenges. Inf Softw Technol 54(9):968\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.03.005","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"9913_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hetrick WA, Krueger CW, Moore JG (2006) Incremental return on incremental investment: Engenio\u2019s transition to software product line practice. In: Symposium on object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications. ACM, OOPSLA, pp 798\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1176617.1176726","DOI":"10.1145\/1176617.1176726"},{"key":"9913_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jensen P (2007) Experiences with product line development of multi-discipline analysis software at Overwatch Textron systems. In: International software product line conference. IEEE, SPLC, pp 35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SPLC.2007.18","DOI":"10.1109\/SPLC.2007.18"},{"issue":"2","key":"9913_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2009.47","volume":"26","author":"M J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen M, Boehm B, Rifkin S (2009) Software development effort estimation: Formal models or expert judgment? IEEE Softw 26(2):14\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2009.47","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalender ME, T\u00fcz\u00fcn E, Tekinerdogan B (2013) Decision support for adopting SPLE with Transit-PL. In: International software product line conference. ACM, SPLC, pp 150\u2013153, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2499777.2499783","DOI":"10.1145\/2499777.2499783"},{"key":"9913_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang KC, Cohen SG, Hess JA, Novak WE, Peterson AS (1990) Feature-oriented domain analysis (FODA) feasibility study. Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-90-TR-21, Carnegie Mellon University","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA235785"},{"key":"9913_CR39","unstructured":"Khurum M, Gorschek T, Pettersson K (2008) Systematic review of solutions proposed for product line economics. International software product line conference. Lero, SPLC, pp 277\u2013284"},{"key":"9913_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kl\u00fcnder J, Hohl P, Schneider K (2018) Becoming agile while preserving software product lines: An agile transformation model for large companies. In: International conference on software and system process. ACM, ICSSP, pp 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3202710.3203146","DOI":"10.1145\/3202710.3203146"},{"issue":"5","key":"9913_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/52.877873","volume":"17","author":"P Knauber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knauber P, Muthig D, Schmid K, Widen T (2000) Applying product line concepts in small and medium-sized companies. IEEE Softw 17(5):88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/52.877873","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"9913_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-014-9358-0","volume":"21","author":"H Koziolek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koziolek H, Goldschmidt T, de Gooijer T, Domis D, Sehestedt S, Gamer T, Aleksy M (2016) Assessing software product line potential: An exploratory industrial case study. Empir Softw Eng 21(2):411\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-014-9358-0","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"9913_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krueger CW, Churchett D, Buhrdorf R (2008) HomeAway\u2019s transition to software product line practice: Engineering and business results in 60 days. In: International software product line conference. IEEE, SPLC, pp 297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SPLC.2008.36","DOI":"10.1109\/SPLC.2008.36"},{"key":"9913_CR44","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger J (2016) A cost estimation model for the extractive software-product-line approach. Master\u2019s thesis, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"},{"key":"9913_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger J, Berger T (2020a) Activities and costs of re-engineering cloned variants into an integrated platform. In: International working conference on variability modelling of software-intensive systems. ACM, VaMoS, pp 21:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3377024.3377044","DOI":"10.1145\/3377024.3377044"},{"key":"9913_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger J, Berger T (2020b) An empirical analysis of the costs of clone- and platform-oriented software reuse. In: Joint European software engineering conference and symposium on the foundations of software engineering. ACM, ESEC\/FSE","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409684"},{"key":"9913_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger J, Fenske W, Meinicke J, Leich T, Saake G (2016) Extracting software product lines: A cost estimation perspective. In: International systems and software product line conference. ACM, SPLC, pp 354\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2934466.2962731","DOI":"10.1145\/2934466.2962731"},{"key":"9913_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger J, Mahmood W, Berger T (2020) Promote-pl: A round-trip engineering process model for adopting and evolving product lines. In: International conference on systems and software product line engineering. ACM, SPLC","DOI":"10.1145\/3382025.3414970"},{"key":"9913_CR49","unstructured":"Marchezan L, Rodrigues E, Bernardino M, Basso FP (2019) A customizable SPL scoping process for SPL reengineering. In: Anais da III scola Regional de Engenharia de Software, SBC, pp 137\u2013146"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9913_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-011-9146-7","volume":"20","author":"S Montagud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montagud S, Abrah\u00e3o S, Insfran E (2012) A systematic review of quality attributes and measures for software product lines. Softw Qual J 20 (3\u20134):425\u2013486","journal-title":"Softw Qual J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2016.V8.1064","volume":"8","author":"N Nazar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nazar N, Rakotomahefa T (2016) Analysis of a small company for software product line adoption\u2013An industrial case study. Int J Comput Theor Eng 8(4):313\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7763\/IJCTE.2016.V8.1064","journal-title":"Int J Comput Theor Eng"},{"key":"9913_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ne\u0161i\u0107 D, Kr\u00fcger J, St\u0103nciulescu \u015e, Berger T (2019) Principles of feature modeling. In: Joint meeting on European software engineering conference and symposium on the foundations of software engineering. ACM, ESEC\/FSE, pp 62\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3338906.3338974","DOI":"10.1145\/3338906.3338974"},{"key":"9913_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Niemel\u00e4 E, Matinlassi M, Taulavuori A (2004) Practical evaluation of software product family architectures. In: International conference on software product lines. Springer, SPLC, pp 130\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-28630-1_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28630-1_8"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2002.1020285","volume":"19","author":"LM Northrop","year":"2002","unstructured":"Northrop LM (2002) SEI\u2019s software product line tenets. IEEE Softw 19(4):32\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2002.1020285","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olsson HH, Allahyari H, Bosch J (2012) Climbing the \u201cStairway to Heaven\u201d - A mulitiple-case study exploring barriers in the transition from agile development towards continuous deployment of software. In: Euromicro conference on software engineering and advanced applications. IEEE, SEAA, pp 392\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SEAA.2012.54","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAA.2012.54"},{"key":"9913_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pohl K, B\u00f6ckle G, van der Linden FJ (2005) Software product line engineering: Foundations, principles and techniques. Springer, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-28901-1","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28901-1"},{"key":"9913_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rinc\u00f3n L, Mazo R, Salinesi C (2018) APPLIES: A framework for evaluating organization\u2019s motivation and preparation for adopting product lines. In: International conference on research challenges in information science. IEEE, RCIS, pp 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RCIS.2018.8406641","DOI":"10.1109\/RCIS.2018.8406641"},{"key":"9913_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rinc\u00f3n L, Mazo R, Salinesi C (2019) Analyzing the convenience of adopting a product line engineering approach: An industrial qualitative evaluation. In: International systems and software product line conference. ACM, SPLC, pp 90\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3307630.3342418","DOI":"10.1145\/3307630.3342418"},{"key":"9913_CR59","unstructured":"Rosenm\u00fcller M, Siegmund N (2010) Automating the configuration of multi software product lines. In: International workshop on variability modelling of software-intensive systems, University Duisburg-Essen, VaMoS, pp 123\u2013130"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28901-1","volume":"19","author":"K Schmid","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmid K, Verlage M (2002) The economic impact of product line adoption and evolution. IEEE Softw 19(4):50\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-28901-1","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmid K, John I, Kolb R, Meier G (2005) Introducing the PuLSE approach to an embedded system population at Testo AG. In: International conference on software engineering. ACM, ICSE, pp 544\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1062455.1062552","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062552"},{"key":"9913_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schultis K, Elsner C, Lohmann D (2014) Architecture challenges for internal software ecosystems: A large-scale industry case study. International symposium on foundations of software engineering. ACM, FSE, pp 542\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2635868.2635876","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635876"},{"key":"9913_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seidl C, Berger T, Elsner C, Schultis K (2017) Challenges and solutions for opening small and medium-scale industrial software platforms. In: International systems and software product line conference. ACM, SPLC, pp 153-162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3106195.3106203","DOI":"10.1145\/3106195.3106203"},{"key":"9913_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siegmund J, Siegmund N, Apel S (2015) Views on internal and external validity in empirical software engineering. In: International conference on software engineering. IEEE, ICSE, pp 9\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE.2015.24","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.24"},{"key":"9913_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u0103nciulescu \u015e, Schulze S, W\u0119sowski A (2015) Forked and integrated variants in an open-source firmware project. In: 2015 IEEE International conference on software maintenance and evolution. ICSME, IEEE, pp 151\u2013160","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2015.7332461"},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-009-9108-x","volume":"15","author":"S Thummalapenta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thummalapenta S, Cerulo L, Aversano L, Di Penta M (2010) An empirical study on the maintenance of source code clones. Empirical Softw Eng 15(1):1\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-009-9108-x","journal-title":"Empirical Softw Eng"},{"key":"9913_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thurimella AK, Padmaja TM (2014) Economic models and value-based approaches for product line architectures. In: Economics-driven software architecture. Elsevier, pp 11\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-410464-8.00002-7","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-410464-8.00002-7"},{"key":"9913_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.12.007","volume":"60","author":"E T\u00fcz\u00fcn","year":"2015","unstructured":"T\u00fcz\u00fcn E, Tekinerdogan B, Kalender ME, Bilgen S (2015) Empirical evaluation of a decision support model for adopting software product line engineering. Inf Softw Technol 60:77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.12.007","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2002.1020286","volume":"19","author":"FJ van der Linden","year":"2002","unstructured":"van der Linden FJ (2002) Software product families in Europe: The Esaps & Caf\u00e9 projects. IEEE Softw 19(4):41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2002.1020286","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"9913_CR70","unstructured":"van der Linden FJ (2005) Family evaluation framework overview & introduction. Tech. Rep. PH-0503-01, Philips Medical Systems"},{"key":"9913_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Linden FJ, Bosch J, Kamsties E, K\u00e4ns\u00e4l\u00e4 K, Obbink H (2004) Software product family evaluation. In: International conference on software product lines. Springer, SPLC, pp 110\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-28630-1_7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28630-1_7"},{"key":"9913_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Linden FJ, Schmid K, Rommes E (2007) Software product lines in action. The Best industrial practice in product line engineering. Springer, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-71437-8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71437-8"},{"key":"9913_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29044-2","volume-title":"Experimentation in software engineering","author":"C Wohlin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wohlin C, Runeson P, H\u00f6st M, Ohlsson MC, Regnell B, Wessl\u00e9n A (2012) Experimentation in software engineering. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"9913_CR74","unstructured":"Yin RK (2003) Case study research: Design and methods. Sage"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09913-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09913-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09913-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T19:23:02Z","timestamp":1616786582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09913-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09913-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"30"}}