{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:55:51Z","timestamp":1786946151712,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T15:09:43Z","timestamp":1617289783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Locating faults with program slicing: an empirical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Soremekun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Kirschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"B\u00f6hme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9931_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abreu R, Zoeteweij P, van Gemund AJC (2006) An evaluation of similarity coefficients for software fault localization. In: Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim international symposium on dependable computing, PRDC\u201906, pp 39\u201346","DOI":"10.1109\/PRDC.2006.18"},{"key":"9931_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abreu R, Zoeteweij P, van Gemund AJC (2007) On the accuracy of spectrum-based fault localization. In: Proceedings of the testing: academic and industrial conference practice and research techniques\u2014MUTATION, TAICPART-MUTATION \u201907, pp 89\u201398","DOI":"10.1109\/TAIC.PART.2007.13"},{"issue":"11","key":"9931_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.06.035","volume":"82","author":"R Abreu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abreu R, Zoeteweij P, Golsteijn R, van Gemund A J C (2009a) A practical evaluation of spectrum-based fault localization. J Syst Softw 82 (11):1780\u20131792","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"9931_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abreu R, Zoeteweij P, Van Gemund AJ (2009b) Spectrum-based multiple fault localization. In: 2009 IEEE\/ACM international conference on automated software engineering. IEEE, pp 88\u201399","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2009.25"},{"key":"9931_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal H, Horgan JR (1990) Dynamic program slicing. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1990 conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI \u201990, pp 246\u2013256","DOI":"10.1145\/93542.93576"},{"key":"9931_CR6","unstructured":"Agrawal H, DeMillo R A, Spafford E H (1990) Efficient debugging with slicing and backtracking. Tech. rep., Purdue University"},{"key":"9931_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal H, Horgan JR, Krauser EW, London S (1993) Incremental regression testing. In: Proceedings of the conference on software maintenance, ICSM \u201993, pp 348\u2013357","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.1993.366927"},{"key":"9931_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves E, Gligoric M, Jagannath V, d\u2019Amorim M (2011) Fault-localization using dynamic slicing and change impact analysis. In: 2011 26th IEEE\/ACM international conference on automated software engineering (ASE 2011). IEEE, pp 520\u2013523","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2011.6100114"},{"issue":"1","key":"9931_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-016-9312-z","volume":"25","author":"FY Assiri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Assiri F Y, Bieman J M (2017) Fault localization for automated program repair: effectiveness, performance, repair correctness. Software Quality Journal 25 (1):171\u2013199. Springer","journal-title":"Software Quality Journal"},{"key":"9931_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binkley D, Gold N, Harman M (2007) An empirical study of static program slice size. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 16(2)","DOI":"10.1145\/1217295.1217297"},{"key":"9931_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme M, Roychoudhury A (2014) Corebench: studying complexity of regression errors. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM\/SIGSOFT international symposium on software testing and analysis, ISSTA, pp 105\u2013115","DOI":"10.1145\/2610384.2628058"},{"key":"9931_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme M, Soremekun EO, Chattopadhyay S, Ugherughe E, Zeller A (2017) Where is the bug and how is it fixed? An experiment with practitioners. In: Proceedings of the 2017 11th joint meeting on foundations of software engineering, pp 117\u2013128","DOI":"10.1145\/3106237.3106255"},{"key":"9931_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger M, Zeller A (2011) Minimizing reproduction of software failures. In: Proceedings of the 2011 international symposium on software testing and analysis, ISSTA \u201911, pp 221\u2013231","DOI":"10.1145\/2001420.2001447"},{"key":"9931_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen MY, Kiciman E, Fratkin E, Fox A, Brewer E (2002) Pinpoint: problem determination in large, dynamic internet services. In: Proceedings of the 2002 international conference on dependable systems and networks, DSN \u201902, pp 595\u2013604","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2002.1029005"},{"key":"9931_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christi A, Olson M L, Alipour M A, Groce A (2018) Reduce before you localize: delta-debugging and spectrum-based fault localization. In: 2018 IEEE international symposium on software reliability engineering workshops. IEEE, ISSREW, pp 184\u2013191","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSREW.2018.00005"},{"key":"9931_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DiGiuseppe N, Jones JA (2011) On the influence of multiple faults on coverage-based fault localization. In: Proceedings of the 2011 international symposium on software testing and analysis, pp 210\u2013220","DOI":"10.1145\/2001420.2001446"},{"key":"9931_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopinath R, Kampmann A, Havrikov N, Soremekun EO, Zeller A (2020) Abstracting failure-inducing inputs. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on software testing and analysis, pp 237\u2013248","DOI":"10.1145\/3395363.3397349"},{"key":"9931_CR18","unstructured":"Grissom R, Kim J (2005) Effect sizes for research: a broad practical approach. Lawrence Erlbaum"},{"key":"9931_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo A, Mao X, Yang D, Wang S (2018) An empirical study on the effect of dynamic slicing on automated program repair efficiency. In: 2018 IEEE international conference on software maintenance and evolution (ICSME). IEEE, pp 554\u2013558","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2018.00066"},{"key":"9931_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gyim\u00f3thy T, Besz\u00e9des A, Forg\u00e1cs I (1999) An efficient relevant slicing method for debugging. In: Proceedings of the 7th European software engineering conference held jointly with the 7th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on foundations of software engineering, ESEC\/FSE-7, pp 303\u2013321","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48166-4_19"},{"key":"9931_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hammoudi M, Burg B, Bae G, Rothermel G (2015) On the use of delta debugging to reduce recordings and facilitate debugging of web applications. In: Proceedings of the 2015 10th joint meeting on foundations of software engineering. ESEC\/FSE 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2786805.2786846. ACM, New York, pp 333\u2013344","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786846"},{"issue":"8","key":"9931_CR22","first-page":"1197","volume":"49","author":"S Heiden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heiden S, Grunske L, Kehrer T, Keller F, van Hoorn A, Filieri A, Lo D (2019) An evaluation of pure spectrum-based fault localization techniques for large-scale software systems. Softw: Pract Exp 49(8):1197\u20131224","journal-title":"Softw: Pract Exp"},{"key":"9931_CR23","unstructured":"Hofer B, Wotawa F (2012) Spectrum enhanced dynamic slicing for better fault localization. In: ECAI, vol 12, pp 420\u2013425"},{"key":"9931_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutchins M, Foster H, Goradia T, Ostrand T (1994) Experiments on the effectiveness of dataflow-and control-flow-based test adequacy criteria. In: Proceedings of 16th international conference on software engineering. IEEE, pp 191\u2013200","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1994.296778"},{"key":"9931_CR25","unstructured":"Jones JA, Harrold MJ (2005) Empirical evaluation of the tarantula automatic fault-localization technique. In: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE\/ACM international conference on automated software engineering, ASE \u201905, pp 273\u2013282"},{"key":"9931_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones JA, Harrold MJ, Stasko J (2002) Visualization of test information to assist fault localization. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201902, pp 467\u2013477","DOI":"10.1145\/581396.581397"},{"key":"9931_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jose M, Majumdar R (2011) Cause clue clauses: error localization using maximum satisfiability. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI \u201911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1993498.1993550. ACM, New York, pp 437\u2013446","DOI":"10.1145\/1993498.1993550"},{"key":"9931_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kampmann A, Havrikov N, Soremekun EO, Zeller A (2020) When does my program do this? Learning circumstances of software behavior. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM joint meeting on european software engineering conference and symposium on the foundations of software engineering, pp 1228\u20131239","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409687"},{"key":"9931_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keller F, Grunske L, Heiden S, Filieri A, van Hoorn A, Lo D (2017) A critical evaluation of spectrum-based fault localization techniques on a large-scale software system. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on software quality, reliability and security (QRS). IEEE, pp 114\u2013125","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS.2017.22"},{"key":"9931_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim D, Nam J, Song J, Kim S (2013) Automatic patch generation learned from human-written patches. In: Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201913, pp 802\u2013811","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606626"},{"key":"9931_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirschner L, Soremekun E, Zeller A (2020) Debugging inputs. In: 2020 IEEE\/ACM 42nd international conference on software engineering (ICSE). IEEE","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380329"},{"key":"9931_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kochhar PS, Xia X, Lo D, Li S (2016) Practitioners\u2019 expectations on automated fault localization. In: Proceedings of the 25th international symposium on software testing and analysis. ACM, pp 165\u2013176","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931051"},{"issue":"3","key":"9931_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(88)90054-3","volume":"29","author":"B Korel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Korel B, Laski J (1988) Dynamic program slicing. Inf Process Lett 29(3):155\u2013163","journal-title":"Inf Process Lett"},{"key":"9931_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landsberg D (2016) Methods and measures for statistical fault localisation. PhD thesis, University of Oxford","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49052-6_5"},{"key":"9931_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landsberg D, Chockler H, Kroening D, Lewis M (2015) Evaluation of measures for statistical fault localisation and an optimising scheme. In: International conference on fundamental approaches to software engineering. Springer, pp 115\u2013129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46675-9_8"},{"key":"9931_CR36","unstructured":"Le TDB, Lo D, Le Goues C, Grunske L (2016) A learning-to-rank based fault localization approach using likely invariants. In: Proceedings of the 25th international symposium on software testing and analysis, pp 177\u2013188"},{"issue":"1","key":"9931_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.104","volume":"38","author":"C Le Goues","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le Goues C, Nguyen T, Forrest S, Weimer W (2012) Genprog: a generic method for automatic software repair. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 38(1):54\u201372","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"9931_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2015.2454513","volume":"41","author":"C Le Goues","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Goues C, Holtschulte N, Smith E K, Brun Y, Devanbu P, Forrest S, Weimer W (2015) The manybugs and introclass benchmarks for automated repair of c programs. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 41(12):1236\u2013 1256","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9931_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei Y, Mao X, Dai Z, Wang C (2012) Effective statistical fault localization using program slices. In: 2012 IEEE 36th annual computer software and applications conference. IEEE, pp 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2012.9"},{"key":"9931_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Orso A (2020) More accurate dynamic slicing for better supporting software debugging. In: 2020 IEEE 13th international conference on software testing, validation and verification (ICST). IEEE, pp 28\u201338","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST46399.2020.00014"},{"key":"9931_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liblit B, Naik M, Zheng AX, Aiken A, Jordan MI (2005) Scalable statistical bug isolation. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI \u201905, pp 15\u201326","DOI":"10.1145\/1065010.1065014"},{"key":"9931_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin Y, Sun J, Tran L, Bai G, Wang H, Dong J (2018) Break the dead end of dynamic slicing: localizing data and control omission bug. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM\/IEEE international conference on automated software engineering, pp 509\u2013519","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238163"},{"issue":"6","key":"9931_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.1605","volume":"26","author":"B Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu B, Lucia Nejati S, Briand L C, Bruckmann T (2016) Simulink fault localization: an iterative statistical debugging approach. Softw Test Verif Reliab 26(6):431\u2013459","journal-title":"Softw Test Verif Reliab"},{"key":"9931_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu B, Nejati S, Briand L C, et al. (2017) Improving fault localization for simulink models using search-based testing and prediction models. In: 2017 IEEE 24th international conference on software analysis, evolution and reengineering (SANER). IEEE, pp 359\u2013370","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2017.7884636"},{"key":"9931_CR45","unstructured":"Mann H B, Whitney D R (1947) On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Ann Math Stat 50\u201360"},{"key":"9931_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naish L, Lee HJ (2013) Duals in spectral fault localization. In: 2013 22nd Australian software engineering conference. IEEE, pp 51\u201359","DOI":"10.1109\/ASWEC.2013.16"},{"issue":"3","key":"9931_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/2000791.2000795","volume":"20","author":"L Naish","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naish L, Lee H J, Ramamohanarao K (2011) A model for spectra-based software diagnosis. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM) 20(3):11","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM)"},{"key":"9931_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen HDT, Qi D, Roychoudhury A, Chandra S (2013) Semfix: program repair via semantic analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201913, pp 772\u2013781","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606623"},{"key":"9931_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parnin C, Orso A (2011) Are automated debugging techniques actually helping programmers?. In: Proceedings of the 2011 international symposium on software testing and analysis, ISSTA \u201911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2001420.2001445. ACM, New York, pp 199\u2013209","DOI":"10.1145\/2001420.2001445"},{"key":"9931_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearson S, Campos J, Just R, Fraser G, Abreu R, Ernst M D, Pang D, Keller B (2017) Evaluating and improving fault localization. In: 2017 IEEE\/ACM 39th International conference on software engineering (ICSE). IEEE, pp 609\u2013620","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2017.62"},{"key":"9931_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez A, Abreu R, d\u2019Amorim M (2017) Prevalence of single-fault fixes and its impact on fault localization. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on software testing, verification and validation (ICST). IEEE, pp 12\u201322","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2017.9"},{"issue":"4","key":"9931_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2522920.2522925","volume":"22","author":"D Qi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qi D, Nguyen H D T, Roychoudhury A (2013) Path exploration based on symbolic output. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 22(4):32:1\u201332:41","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol"},{"key":"9931_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi Y, Mao X, Lei Y, Dai Z, Wang C (2014) The strength of random search on automated program repair. In: Proceedings of the 36th international conference on software engineering, ICSE 2014, pp 254\u2013 265","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568254"},{"key":"9931_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis S, Abreu R, d\u2019Amorim M (2019) Demystifying the combination of dynamic slicing and spectrum-based fault localization. In: IJCAI, pp 4760\u20134766","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/661"},{"key":"9931_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renieris M, Reiss SP (2003) Fault localization with nearest neighbor queries. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE international conference on automated software engineering. IEEE, pp 30\u201339","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2003.1240292"},{"key":"9931_CR56","first-page":"153","volume":"3","author":"PF Russel","year":"1940","unstructured":"Russel P F, Rao T R, et al. (1940) On habitat and association of species of anopheline larvae in south-eastern Madras. Journal of the Malaria Institute of India 3:153\u2013178","journal-title":"Journal of the Malaria Institute of India"},{"key":"9931_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shu T, Wang L, Xia J (2017) Fault localization using a failed execution slice. In: 2017 International conference on software analysis, testing and evolution (SATE). IEEE, pp 37\u201344","DOI":"10.1109\/SATE.2017.13"},{"key":"9931_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steimann F, Frenkel M, Abreu R (2013) Threats to the validity and value of empirical assessments of the accuracy of coverage-based fault locators. In: Proceedings of the 2013 international symposium on software testing and analysis, ISSTA 2013, pp 314\u2013324","DOI":"10.1145\/2483760.2483767"},{"key":"9931_CR59","unstructured":"Tan S H, Yi J, Mechtaev S, Roychoudhury A, et al. (2017) Codeflaws: a programming competition benchmark for evaluating automated program repair tools. In: 2017 IEEE\/ACM 39th international conference on software engineering companion (ICSE-C). IEEE, pp 180\u2013182"},{"issue":"3","key":"9931_CR60","first-page":"121","volume":"3","author":"F Tip","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tip F (1995) A survey of program slicing techniques. J Program Lang 3(3):121\u2013189","journal-title":"J Program Lang"},{"key":"9931_CR61","unstructured":"Weiser M (1981) Program slicing. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201981, pp 439\u2013449"},{"issue":"7","key":"9931_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1145\/358557.358577","volume":"25","author":"M Weiser","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weiser M (1982) Programmers use slices when debugging. Commun ACM 25(7):446\u2013452","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"9931_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong W E, Qi Y, Zhao L, Cai K Y (2007) Effective fault localization using code coverage. In: Computer software and applications conference, 2007. COMPSAC 2007. 31st annual international, vol 1. IEEE, pp 449\u2013456","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2007.109"},{"key":"9931_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong WE, Debroy V, Li Y, Gao R (2012) Software fault localization using dstar (d*). In: 2012 IEEE sixth international conference on software security and reliability. IEEE, pp 21\u201330","DOI":"10.1109\/SERE.2012.12"},{"issue":"1","key":"9931_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2013.2285319","volume":"63","author":"WE Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong W E, Debroy V, Gao R, Li Y (2013) The dstar method for effective software fault localization. IEEE Trans Reliab 63(1):290\u2013308","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"key":"9931_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong W E, Gao R, Li Y, Abreu R, Wotawa F (2016) A survey on software fault localization. IEEE Trans Softw Eng p preprint","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2016.2521368"},{"key":"9931_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wotawa F (2010) Fault localization based on dynamic slicing and hitting-set computation. In: 2010 10th international conference on quality software. IEEE, pp 161\u2013170","DOI":"10.1109\/QSIC.2010.51"},{"key":"9931_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wotawa F, Stumptner M, Mayer W (2002) Model-based debugging or how to diagnose programs automatically. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: developments in applied artificial intelligence, IEA\/AIE \u201902. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=646864.708248. Springer, London, pp 746\u2013757","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48035-8_72"},{"issue":"4","key":"9931_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1145\/2522920.2522924","volume":"22","author":"X Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie X, Chen T Y, Kuo F C, Xu B (2013a) A theoretical analysis of the risk evaluation formulas for spectrum-based fault localization. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM) 22(4):31","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol (TOSEM)"},{"key":"9931_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie X, Kuo FC, Chen TY, Yoo S, Harman M (2013b) Provably optimal and human-competitive results in sbse for spectrum based fault localisation. In: International symposium on search based software engineering. Springer, pp 224\u2013238","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39742-4_17"},{"key":"9931_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhikhartsev A, Liu Y, Tan L (2017) Better test cases for better automated program repair. In: Proceedings of the 2017 11th joint meeting on foundations of software engineering, pp 831\u2013841","DOI":"10.1145\/3106237.3106274"},{"key":"9931_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo S (2012) Evolving human competitive spectra-based fault localisation techniques. In: International symposium on search based software engineering. Springer, pp 244\u2013258","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33119-0_18"},{"key":"9931_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu Y, Jones J, Harrold MJ (2008) An empirical study of the effects of test-suite reduction on fault localization. In: 2008 ACM\/IEEE 30th international conference on software engineering. IEEE, pp 201\u2013210","DOI":"10.1145\/1368088.1368116"},{"issue":"2","key":"9931_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/32.988498","volume":"28","author":"A Zeller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zeller A, Hildebrandt R (2002) Simplifying and isolating failure-inducing input. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 28(2):183\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/32.988498","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"9931_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang X, He H, Gupta N, Gupta R (2005) Experimental evaluation of using dynamic slices for fault location. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on automated analysis-driven debugging, pp 33\u201342","DOI":"10.1145\/1085130.1085135"},{"issue":"2","key":"9931_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-006-9007-3","volume":"12","author":"X Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang X, Gupta N, Gupta R (2007) A study of effectiveness of dynamic slicing in locating real faults. Empir Softw Eng 12(2):143\u2013160","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"9931_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang M, Li X, Zhang L, Khurshid S (2017) Boosting spectrum-based fault localization using pagerank. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on software testing and analysis, pp 261\u2013272","DOI":"10.1145\/3092703.3092731"},{"key":"9931_CR78","unstructured":"Zheng AX, Jordan MI, Liblit B, Aiken A (2003) Statistical debugging of sampled programs. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 9\u201311"},{"key":"9931_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng AX, Jordan MI, Liblit B, Naik M, Aiken A (2006) Statistical debugging: simultaneous identification of multiple bugs. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on machine learning, pp 1105\u20131112","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143983"},{"issue":"2, Feb. 1 2021","key":"9931_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2892102","volume":"47","author":"D Zou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zou D, Liang J, Xiong Y, Ernst MD, Zhang L (2019) An empirical study of fault localization families and their combinations. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 47(2, Feb. 1 2021):332\u2013347","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T04:40:05Z","timestamp":1671770405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"51"}}